Заметки по таксономии рода Lispe (Diptera, Muscidae), разделы 10-12 Текст научной статьи по специальности «Биологические науки»

ТУуК_I © Амурский зоологический журнал. VII(3), 2015.228-247 | Accepted: 28.08.2015

УДК 595.773.4 | ©Amurian zoological journal. Ш(3), 2015.228-247 | Published-. 30.09.201S

TAXONOMIC NOTES ON LISPE (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE), PARTS 10-12

N. E. Vikhrev

[Вихрев Н. Е. Заметки по таксономии рода Lispe (Diptera, Muscidae), Разделы 10-12]

Zoological Museum of Moscow University, Bolshaya Nikitskaya 6, Moscow, 125009, Russia, E-mail: nikita6510@ya.ru Зоологический музей, Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова, Большая Никитская ул., 6, Москва, 125009, Россия. E-mail: nikita6510@ya.ru

Key words: Diptera, Muscidae, Lispe, new species, new synonyms, taxonomy Ключевые слова: Diptera, Muscidae, Lispe, новые виды, новые синонимы, систематика

Summary. Palaearctic fauna of the Lispe palposa and L. uliginosa groups and the world fauna of here proposed Lispe nicobarensis group are revised; notes on the American fauna of the L. palposa and L. uliginosa groups are given. Three new species L. mexicana sp. nov., L. aceponti sp. nov., L. flaveola sp. nov., and hitherto unknown female of Lispe sep-tentrionalis Xue & Zhang, 2005 are described. Four new synonymies are proposed: L. frigida Erichson, 1851 = Lispe canadensis Snyder, 1954, syn. nov.; L. superciliosa superciliosa Loew, 1861 = Lispe superciliosa cancellata Canzoneri & Meneghini, 1966, syn. nov.; L. uliginosa Fallen, 1825 = Lispe cotidiana Snyder, 1954, syn. nov. = Lispe neouliginosa Snyder, 1954, syn. nov. The true identity of L. frigida Erichson, 1851 and L. monochaita Mou et Ma, 1992 is clarified. Original identification keys for considered species-groups are proposed.

Резюме. Ревизована палеарктическая фауна видов Lispe из групп L. palposa и L. uliginosa и мировая фауна предложенной здесь группы Lispe nicobarensis; даны краткие таксономические заметки по американской фауне групп видов L. palposa и L. uliginosa. Описано 3 новых вида: L. mexicana sp. nov., L. aceponti sp. nov., L. flaveola sp. nov. и дано описание неизвестной до настоящего времени самки Lispe septentrionalis Xue & Zhang, 2005. Предложено 4 новых синонима: L. frigida Erichson, 1851 = Lispe canadensis Snyder, 1954, syn. nov.; L. superciliosa superciliosa Loew, 1861 = Lispe superciliosa cancellata Canzoneri & Meneghini, 1966, syn. nov.; L. uliginosa Fallen, 1825 = Lispe cotidiana Snyder, 1954, syn. nov. = Lispe neouliginosa Snyder, 1954, syn. nov. Предложена новая интерпретация таксонов L. frigida Erichson, 1851 and L. monochaita Mou et Ma, 1992. Оригинальные определительные ключи даны для всех рассмотренных групп видов.

INTRODUCTION

There are about 200 species of Lispe Latreille 1796 worldwide. The genus seems to have originated from the southern part of the Palaearctic region, since it shows the most impressive diversity in warm zone of Asia and Africa. The subsequent penetration of Lispe settlement into Australia (via the warm and dry land bridge in place of the present Torres Strait) and America (via the cold Bering land bridge) also resulted in a significant diversity. Lispe have successfully colonized most of the islands including the remote ones. The only large territory where Lispe is totally absent is New Zealand.

In my previous papers on Lispe [Vikhrev, 2011a, 2011b, 2012a, 2012b, 2012c, 2014] a substantial part of the world fauna was considered, including the entire Palaearctic fauna of Lispe except the Lispe palposa, Lispe uliginosa, and Lispe caesia species-groups [Snyder, 1954; Hennig, 1960]. The species belonging to the Lispe caesia group inhabit sea coasts and salt inland basins of the Palaearctic, Afrotropical and Australasian regions; they will be considered in a separate paper. The Lispe palposa and Lispe uliginosa groups have Holarctic distribution. Here I provide a detailed account of the Palaearctic fauna, while notes

on Nearctic and Neotropical species are given where the material is available. The L. nicobarensis group is proposed in the present paper for the first time. It is a well-bordered group which includes 5 species distributed in Australia and tropical Asia.

Considered species groups may be separated from other Lispe species as follows:

1. Either frontal triangle broad, with convex margins, densely silvery dusted, or femora with ventral rows of short spines, or both. (t2 with or without ad) ............................Lispe caesia group

- Frontal triangle without convex margins; femora without ventral rows of short spines........... 2

2. Vibrissae distinctly above mouth margin. Sternite 4 enlarged and merged with tergite 4 in syntergoster-nite, sternite 4 posterodorsally with a skew process on the right side....... Lispe nicobarensis group

- Vibrissae at mouth margin. Syntergosternite 4 absent ........................................ 3

3. t2 without ad............ other species of Lispe

- t2 with ad.................................. 4

4. t3with 1 av,1 adand 1 pd..........................

L. kowarzi species complex [see Vikhrev, 2014]; L. geniseta and related Afrotropical species; Australian L. uniseta

- t3 at least without pd........................ 5

5. t3 with av. Palpi narrow.......................

......................... Lispe uliginosa group

- t3 without 1 av. Palpi wide to medium wide..... 6

6. Palpi bigger, dark or dirty-yellow. Body densely grey to brownish-grey dusted. Apex of abdomen not flattened and not pointed, black, with a whitish midspot (as on col. pl. I: 18, 19). Cercal plate of heart shape, with wide basal half and narrow apical half. $: preapical d on t3 at most half as long as tar3-1...................... L. palposa group

- Palpi smaller, deep and pure yellow. Body black, without or with very few dusting. Apex of abdomen somewhat laterally flattened and dorsally pointed, evenly black, without whitish midspot. Cercal plate not of heart shape and with a thorn at middle. $: preapical d on t3 almost as long as tar3-1.......... L. rigida group [see Vikhrev, 2012c].

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The majority of the specimens studied are stored in the Zoological Museum of Moscow University (ZMUM), in this case not indicated in text. Other collections are abbreviated as follows: BMNH - Natural History Museum, London, UK. ISEA - Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Novosibirsk, Russia.

MNHN - Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France.

SDEI - Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Müncheberg, Germany. ZIN - Zoological Institute, St-Petersburg, Russia. ZMHU - Museum für Naturkunde, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany.

ZMUH - Zoological Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki, Finland.

Localities (where possible) are given in the following form: country, region, geographical coordinates, the latter are given in the Decimal Degrees format. If coordinates were not present in an original label, they are provided in brackets. Countries and regions are listed in the alphabetical order.

The full names of regions of Russian administrative subdivision are an entangled result of political and historical events of no interest for zoology, so they are listed as name (taken from English version of Wikipedia) and word «region». There are 4 exceptions: Leningrad Oblast and Federal City St-Peters-burg are listed as St-Petersburg region; Altai Krai and Altai Republic are listed respectively as Altai Krai region and Altai Republic region; Adygeya Republic enclaved within Krasnodar region is listed under Krasnodar region.

The following abbreviations for morphological structures are used: f1, t1, f2, t2, f3, t3 = fore-, mid-, hind- femur or tibia; ac = acrostichal setae; dc = dor-

socentral setae; a, p, d, v = anterior, posterior, dorsal, ventral seta(e); prst - presutural, post - postsutural.

The abbreviation for the tarsi as tar followed by a pair of digits separated by a hyphen was proposed by Vikhrev [2011a]: the first digit (1 to 3) gives the leg number and the second digit (1 to 5) - the number of the tarsal segment. For example, tar1-4 = 4-th segment of fore tarsus; tar3-1 = hind basitarsus.

Illustrations are original, unless otherwise indicated.

Synonymies are listed only if discussed or otherwise used in the text, for full lists of synonymies see regional Diptera Catalogues Pont [1986], Pont [2012].

10. Lispe palposa species-group

Notes on the L. palposa group. The Lispe palposa group was firstly proposed by Snyder [1954] for 10 Nearctic species: L. argentea Snyder, 1954; L. bohemica Becker, 1904; L. brevipes Aldrich, 1913; L. canadensis Snyder, 1954; L. jamesi Snyder, 1954; L. johnsoni Aldrich, 1913; L. palposa Walker, 1849; L. probohemica Speiser, 1914; L. salina Aldrich, 1913; L. sordida Aldrich, 1913. Later on 3 more species from the L. palposa group were described from America: L. bahama Snyder, 1958; L. approximata Huckett, 1966 and L. desertorum Huckett, 1966. Short notes on the American fauna of the L. palposa group are given in Part 10.2 of the present paper.

Hennig [1960] revised the L. palposa group of the Palaearctic region, totally 10 species were considered: L. apicalis Mik, 1869; L. cinifera Becker, 1904; L. el-kantarae Becker, 1907; L. flavicincta Loew, 1847; L. flavinervis Becker, 1904; L. frigida Erichson, 1851; L. hydromyzina Fallen, 1825; L. litorea Fallen, 1825; L. loewi Ringdahl, 1922; L. superciliosa Loew, 1861. Two more taxa: L. parcespinosa Becker, 1900 and L. bohemica Becker, 1904 were regarded by Hennig [1960] as synonyms, but I offer here a different point of view. After Hennig's revision several more species of the L. palposa group were described from the Palaearctic region. Lispe superciliosa cancellata Canzoneri & Meneghini, 1966 was described from Central Turkey. Chinese authors (the data are summarized in [Xue & Zhang, 2005] and [Zhang et al., 2005]) described 5 more species which belong to the L. palposa group: Lispe appendibacula Xue & Zhang, 2005; L. hebeiensis Ma & Tian, 1993; L. monochaita Mou et Ma, 1992; L. neimongola Tian & Ma, 2000; L. tarsocilica Xue & Zhang, 2005. One more species was described from Japan, L. ezensis Shinonaga & Kano, 1983. Part 10.1 of the present paper considers all the Palaearctic species mentioned above.

Species of the Lispe palposa group have medium to large size; stumpy body with a dense (and somewhat untidy) grey dusting. Vibrissae present or reduced in some males; t1 without or with p seta; t2

always with 1 ad and 1 pd, some species have additional ad orpd or v seta(e); t3 in both sexes with 1 ad seta only, which is sometimes indistinct among elongated ad setulae (exceptions Nearctic L. sordida and L. bahama with 1 av on t3 in both sexes); hind coxa without or with seta on inner posterior surface; meron usually with hairs above hind coxa; male postabdomen always velvety black with whitish spot in middle (see col. pl. I: 18, 19); male cercal plate always of heart shape with elongated apex. Typical habitat of the species of the Lispe palposa group is saltish soil near fresh or salt water: river flood-lands, banks of fresh to salt lakes or ponds, seashore salt marshes.

L. palposa group probably is one of the most clearly defined one, but the relationship of the group is not very clear. It seems related to the Lispe rigida group (offered by Vikhrev [2012c] for L. rigida Becker, 1903; L. brunnicosa Becker, 1904 and Lispe kozlovi Vikhrev, 2012) with the same leg chaetotaxy in both sexes. These groups can be divided as recommended in Introduction.

The distribution of the Lispe palposa group is restricted to the Holarctic region. The group is most common and diverse in the steppe and semidesert climatic zones. The southernmost distributed Palaearctic species are L. loewi and L. apicalis (recorded at 28N in Morocco), the northernmost species are L. frigida (= L. canadensis) recorded at 69-70N, well beyond the Polar Circle.

10.1. Palaearctic fauna of the Lispe palposa group

Lispe apicalis Mik, 1869 Col. pl. I: 1, 6

Type locality: Austria, Vienna, Brigittenau. Lispe comitata Becker, 1904: Hennig, 1960: 419-420. Type locality: Turkmenistan, Bayramaly (37.62N 62.15E).

Material examined:

Holotype, L. comitata $: Transcaspien, Bairam-ali (= Turkmenistan, Mary prov., Bayramaly, 37.62N 62.15E), (ZIN).

Algeria, Biskra (34.85N 5.73E), 04.1905, 12$, 4$ (ZMHU).

China, Xinjiang prov., Kalamaili (Natural Reserve, 45.2N 89.1E), 6.08.2009, D. Zhang, 1$, 1$ (MNHN).

Hungary, Kalocsa (46.5N 19.0E), Thalhammer, 1$ (det. label: T. Becker) (ZMHU). Kazakhstan: Kyzylorda reg., 45.76N 62.31E, freshwater pond, 15-19.05.2011, K. Tomkovich, 1$; W Kazakhstan reg., Uralsk env., Barbastau R., 51.21N 51.97E, 28.08.2012, K. Tomkovich, 2$, 3$; Uralsk env., Shalkar L., 50.646N 51.684E, 27.08.2012, K. Tomkovich, 6$, 4$.

Morocco: Essaouira prov., Essaouira env., 31.47N 9.76W, 1-5.05.2012, N. Vikhrev, 4$, 7$; Ouarzazate

prov., 30.97N 6.75W, 12.05.2012, N. Vikhrev, 2$, 2$; Tan-Tan prov., Qued Draa, 28.528N 10.947W, 11.05.2012, N. Vikhrev, 1$.

Russia: Astrakhan reg., Baskunchak salt-lake env., 48.19N 46.81E, 3.05.2010, K. Tomkovich, 1$; Kalmykia reg.: Arshan-Zelmen L., 47.595N 44.592E, 8.06.2012, N. Vikhrev, 1$; Ergeninsky env, 47.6N 44.5E, 01.05.2013, N. Vikhrev, 2$, 1$; Manych-Gudilo L., 46.029N 43.441E, 9.06.2012, N. Vikhrev, 1$; nameless lake, 47.875N 44.601E, 8.06.2012, N. Vikhrev, 1$, 4$; Krasnodar reg., Krinitsa env., Pshada R., 44.395N 38.341E, 10.09.2009, K. Tomkovich, 1$, 1$; Orenburg reg., Sol-Iletsk env., 51.15N 55.01E, 28.08.2012, K. Tomkovich, 2$; Rostov reg., Kamensk-Shakhtinsky env., 48.242N 40.404E, 1.06.2013, N. Vikhrev, 5$. Tajikistan, Khatlon prov., Farkhor distr, 37.42N 69.35E, 09.06.2010, K. Tomkovich, 1$. Turkmenistan: Ahal reg.: 40 km W of Ashgabat (38.2N 57.9E), 12.05.1984, A. Ozerov, 2$, 2$; Kopetdag, Chuli env. (37.97N 58.02E), 5.05.1984, A. Ozerov, 1$, 1$; Mary reg., Kushka env. (35.28N 62.34E), 22.05.1991, A. Ozerov, 2$. Turkey: Hatay prov., Çevlik env., 36.074N 35.953E, salt lake, 16.04.2010, N. Vikhrev, 7$; Zonguldak prov., Alaply env., 41.14N 31.36E, 29.08.2009, N. Vikhrev, 1$.

Distribution. L. apicalis inhabits West and Central Palaearctic from Morocco to Central Asia. The westernmost and the southernmost record is 28.528N 10.947W (SW Morocco); the easternmost records are China: Inner Mongolia prov., Ejin Banner (~ 41.7N 100.3E) and Xinjiang prov., Burqin (« 48.7N 87.0E) [Zhang et al., 2005]; the northernmost - 51.21N (NW Kazakhstan).

Remarks. Hennig [1960] synonymized L. comitata Becker, 1904 to L. apicalis basing on comparison of limited material of L. apicalis from Hungary and Algeria with the holotype of L. comitata. At first glance this synonymy seems doubtful as the type male specimens differ as follows:

- f2 with 2-4 fine ventral setae about as long as femur width. t2 on ad surface (apart from strong ad seta) with uniform and short setae, shorter than pd seta on t2............................ apicalis Mik.

- f2 with 4-8 stronger and longer (at least 2x as long as femur width) ventral setae. t2 on ad surface (apart from strong ad seta) with 1-3 longer setae, stronger and at least as long or longer than pd seta on t2..........................comitata Becker.

However, after examination of rich material listed above I had to agree with Hennig's point of view, because males with intermediate characters are common in Caspian region and Central Asia and females are indistinguishable. There is a possibility to regard L. comitata as the eastern subspecies of L. apicalis.

If so, L. apicalis comitata is distributed eastward of Volga River in SW Siberia and Central Asia; whereas nominative L. apicalis apicalis inhabits N Africa, Turkey and Europe, but becomes rare in Asia. Personally I prefer to attribute all specimens as L. apicalis to avoid uncertainty in determination of females and intermediate males.

Lispe cinifera Becker, 1904 Col. pl. II: 30

Type locality: China, Sichuan prov. (s 32.0N,

99.5E), see comments to the Holotype of L. brun-

nicosa, [Vikhrev, 2012c: 431].

Lispe seticincta Becker, 1904. Type locality: China,

Qinghai prov. (s 36.2N 97.4E).

Material examined:

Holotype, L. cinifera, < (ZIN). The holotype of L. cinifera is in good condition. The holotype has the Russian label transliterating as: «r. Dza-chu, 11000' / Kam, bas. Goluboy / Kozlov, ser. IV 01», that means «Dza-chu r(iver), 11000 (feet asl), Kham, Golubaya (river) bas(in), Kozlov (leg.), mid April (19)01» = China, Sichuan prov., about 32.0N, 99.5E, mid April 1901, P. Kozlov. Identification labels by Becker, Hennig and Pont.

Lectotype and paralectotype, L. seticincta, 2$

(ZIN). Both lectotypes are in good condition. The lec-totypes have the Russian label transliterating as: kh. Barun-Dzasak, met.st. v. Tsaidam, Kozlov, kon. VII 01, that means: khyrma of Barun-Dzasak, meteorological station, Tsaidam, end of VII.1901, P. Kozlov. (Khyrma is a light fortress made of clay, Dzasak is a rank of a count, here the head of Barun district). Position of khyrma Barun-Dzasak weather station is given in Kozlov [1947] and in modern terms is China, Qinghai prov., 36.2N 97.4E, 2800 m asl. Identification labels by Becker and Pont. Kazakhstan, E Kazakhstan reg., Zaysan env., Uidene R. dry bank (s 47.47N 84.78E), 20.08.1989, M. Malyanov, 2<, 2$ (ZIN). Kyrgyzstan, Naryn reg., steppe near Baetov, 41.26N 71.92E, 1050 m asl, 27.06.2009, D. Werner, 2< (ZMHU).

Turkmenistan, Ahal reg., (38.2N 57.9E), 2.05.1984, A. Ozerov, 5<, 3$.

Distribution. Central Asia. China: Gansu prov., Su-bei (s 39.7N 98.5E) [Zhang et al., 2005]; Qinghai prov.; Sichuan prov., Xinjiang prov., Tomur Mt. (s 41.7N 80.4E) [Zhang et al., 2005]; Kazakhstan, E Kazakhstan prov.; Kyrgyzstan, Naryn reg.; Turkmenistan, Ahal reg.

Lispe elkantarae Becker, 1907 Col. pl. I: 2

Type locality: Algeria, El-Kantara. Material examined:

Syntypes: 3<, 8$: Algeria, El-Kantara (35.22N

5.71E), 3-4.05.1905 (ZMHU).

Morocco, Essaouira prov., Essaouira env., 31.47N

9.76W, 1-5.05.2012, N. Vikhrev, 9<, 7$.

Turkey, Zonguldak prov., Alaply env., 41.14N

31.36E, 19-20.06.2010, N. Vikhrev, 1$.

Distribution. SW Palaearctic: Algeria; Morocco;

Turkey.

Lispe ezensis Shinonaga & Kano, 1983 Type locality: Japan, Hokkaido. Material examined:

Russia, Primorsky reg., Lazo (43.4N 133.9E) env., 17.08.1987, A. Ozerov, 1$.

Distribution. Japan, Hokkaido and Russia, Primorsky reg.

Remarks. I have only single female specimen, it has 2+4 dc and f2 with complete rows of av and pv setulae (about as long as femur width). This is not bad for identification of a female of the L. palposa group. The original description of a male [Shinonaga & Kano, 1983] does not add useful information and raises some questions: «hypopleuron bare», but my female's meron actually has 2-3 hairs above hind coxa; «t3 with ad, without long hairs», but the drawing by Shinonaga and Kano [1983: 84, Fig. 2] shows t3 with ad seta hardly distinct among elongated hairs.

Lispe flavicincta Loew, 1847 Col. pl. I: 7, 28

Type locality: Southern Russia (most probably it is Volgograd env., where there was a German settlement in XIX century). Material examined:

Czech, Zettwing (= Cetviny, 48.615N 14.550E), 20.07.(18)75, Mik, with identification labels by Kowarz and Hennig 1< (ZMUM) and 1< (ZMHU). France, Corsica, 7<, 4$ (ZMHU). Georgia, Caucasus, Swanetien (Svaneti, s 42.8N 42.7E), 6<, 5$ (ZMHU). Hungary, Orsova (44.7N 22.4E), 2< (ZMHU). Russia: Bashkortostan reg., Muraptalovo, Yushatyr R., 52.43N 55.79E, 29.08.2012, K. Tomkovich, 2<, 4$; Krasnodar reg., Sochi distr., Mzymta R. (43.43N 39.94E), 25.09.2006, N. Vikhrev, 1$. Tajikistan: Dushanbe reg., Ramit env., 38.72N 69.32E, 21.6.2010, K. Tomkovich, 3<, 6$. Distribution. Known from Europe to Central Asia.

Lispe flavinervis Becker, 1904 Col. pl. I-II: 5, 12, 27, 29 Type locality: China, Qinghai prov. Material examined:

Syntypes Lispe flavinervis 1<, 2$. (ZIN), all in good condition. The syntypes have the Russian label transliterating as: Kurlyk (-Nor Lake), Baingol (River), vost. (East) Tsaidam (s 37.2N 96.9E ), Rob(orovsky and) Kozlov, 21.V.1895 = China, Qinghai prov. 37.2N 96.9E. Identification labels by Becker, Hennig

and Pont.

China: Ejin gol [River], Gobi, Mongolia (Should be Ejin R. near Khara Khoto, ancient Tangut city discovered by P. Kozlov in 1908 and revisited by him in 1926, so locality is: Inner Mongolia prov., Ejin R. (~ 41.9N 100.6E)), 24.03.1926, P. Kozlov, 1$. Kazakhstan: Akmola reg., Burabay NP: 53.1N 70.3E, Bolshoe Chebachye L., 24-27.07.2013, O. Kosterin, 17$, 3$; 53.10N 70.17E, Maloe Che-bachye L., 28.07.2013, O. Kosterin, 2$, 5$; 53.11N 70.18E, Maybalyk salt L., 26-28.07.2013, O. Kosterin, 12$, 3$; Kyzylorda reg., Aralsk, 46.79N 61.67E, 12-13.05.2011, K. Tomkovich, 1$. Russia: Altai Krai reg., Zmeinogorsk distr,. Kolyva-novskoe L., 51.35N 82.19E, 8.09.2007, O. Kosterin, 1$; Astrakhan reg., Baskunchak salt L., 48.2N 46.8E, 2-4.05.2010, K. Tomkovich, 2$, 3$; Khakas-sia reg., Shirinsky distr., 54.65N 90.18E, 2.07.2011, K. Tomkovich, 23$, 8$; Kalmykia reg.: Manych env. (45.6N 44.5E), 6.08.1918, Pastukhov, 1$; Manych saltish L., 46.029N 43.441E, 9.06.2012, N. Vikhrev, 1$, 1$; Priyutnoe env., 46.1N 43.5E, 2-3.05.2013, N. Vikhrev, 16$, 16$; Kurgan reg., Lebyazhye distr. (55.13N 66.78E), 30.06.2007, V. Sorokina, 5$, 3$ (ISEA); Novosibirsk reg., Karasuk distr., 53.6N 77.8E, 28.06.2002, A. Barkalov, 1$ (ISEA); Omsk reg., Russko-Polyansky distr., 53.96N 73.76E, 15.05.2010, O. Kosterin, N. Priydak, 3$, 1$; Omsk, Solenoe saltish L., 54.887N 73.349E, 24.07.2012, O. Kosterin, 15$, 1$; Orenburg reg., Sol-Iletsk env., 51.15N 55.01E, 28.08.2012, K. Tomkovich, 1$, 1$. Ukraine: Donetsk reg., Slavyansk env. (48.87N 37.63E), 1886, Yaroshevskiy, 3$. Distribution. Palaearctic from E Europe to China, to the north till 55N.

Remarks. I believe that Hennig's [1960: 427, Text fig. 151] drawing of the antenna of L. flavinervis and L. cinifera is misleading, actually the length of the arista and aristal hairs is similar in these species, but sometimes arista and aristal hairs are partly broken.

Lispe frigida Erichson, 1851 Col. pl. II: 24, 25, 26

Type locality: Russia, Taymyr Peninsula, Boganida (69.35N 86.70E, 25 km E of Dudinka). Lispe canadensis Snyder, 1954. Type locality: Canada, Northwest Territories (Nunavut terr.), Chesterfield (63.34N 90.71W), syn. nov. Material examined:

Holotype L. frigida, $: Russia, (Krasnoyarsk reg., Taymyr), Boganida L. (69.35N 86.70E) (ZIN). Canada: Manitoba: Churchill (58.77N 94.17W), 26.05.1952, PR. Ehrlich, 1$; Warkworth Cr. near Churchill, 5.06.1952, J.G. Chillcott, 1$; NWT, Yel-lowknife (62.45N 114.37W), 4.06.1953, J.G. Chillcott, 1$; Nunavut, Chesterfield (63.34N 90.71W), 12.08.1980, J R. Vockeroth, 1$.

Russia: Chukotka reg., Anadyr env., 64.72N 177.52E, 20.07.2014, A. Barkalov, 1$ (ISEA); Krasnoyarsk reg., Taymyr distr., Dudinka env., 69.4N 86.2E, lake silt, 25-27.07.2011, N. Vikhrev, 3$; Nenets reg., Ust-Kara (69.24N 64.94E), 10.08.1961, K. Gorod-kov, (ZIN); Sakha (Yakutia) reg.: Verkhoyansk env., (67.55 N 133.35 E), 10.08.1969, V. Sychevs-kaya, 1$; Pokhodsk (69.08N 160.97E), 18.07.1973, N. Vinokurov, 1$ (ZIN); Chersky (68.75N 161.33E), 6.08.1972, K. Gorodkov, 1$ (ZIN); Yamalo-Nenets reg., Labytnangi env. (66.66N 66.41E), 19.07.1974, V. Sychevskaya, 1$; 2.08.1961, K. Gorodkov, 2$, 1$ (ZIN).

Distribution. A Holarctic circumpolar species. The true identity of L. frigida. Hennig examined the female holotype of L. frigida when it had been already in bad condition (without head) [Hennig, 1960: 435] and identified it as a female belonging to the L. palposa group. Hennig took into account visible morphological characters and the fact that the type locality of L. parcespinosa is near (measuring by a Siberian yardstick) to the type locality of L. frigida and came to conclusion that «only ... L. parcespinosa are in question». At first glance the conclusion that the female holotype of L. frigida and a male syntype of L. parcespinosa are conspecific seems correct, but I believe it is not. Hennig [1960] had not mentioned it, but the holotype of L. frigida has remarkably enlarged thoracic and abdominal spiracles (see col. pl. II: 25). Besides, he failed to take into account L. canadensis Snyder, 1954 described from N Canada which is notable for its remarkably enlarged thoracic and abdominal spiracles (col. pl. II: 24,26). As follows from the material listed above, actually L. canadensis has a Holarctic distribution and in particular 3 males were collected on Taymyr exactly between the type localities of L. frigida and L. parcespinosa. The thoracic and abdominal spiracles are also enlarged in specimens of L. parcespinosa collected at northern localities (see «Discussion» to L. parcespinosa and [Snyder, 1954: 26-27]), but not to such an extent. Also the female holotype of L. frigida has long av setae on the basal half off3 which are absent in L. parcespinosa but present in L. canadensis. These reasons lead me to a conclusion that the presently accepted notion of L. frigida as a species with rodlike seta on apex of tar2-4 in male sex is erroneous, but the female holotype of L. frigida is conspecific with L. canadensis. Thus, L. parcespinosa is not a synonym of L. frigida, but becomes a valid name and Lispe frigida Erichson, 1851 = Lispe canadensis Snyder, 1954, syn. nov.

Lispe hebeiensis Ma & Tian, 1993 Col. pl. I-II: 9, 31

Type locality: China, Liaoning prov. Material examined:

Greece, Saloniki env., Pikrolimni L., 40.84N 22.80E,

19.06.1939, E. Schmidt, 1<, 1$ (BMNH). Kazakhstan: Kyzylorda reg., Aralsk, 46.79N 61.67E, 12-13.05.2011, K. Tomkovich, 2<, 3$; W Kazakhstan reg., Uralsk env., Shalkar L., 50.58N 51.79E, 27.08.2012, K. Tomkovich, 1$. Russia: Altai Krai reg., Zmeinogorsk distr., Kolyva-novskoe L., 51.35N 82.19E, 8.09.2007, O. Kosterin, 1<; Astrakhan reg., Baskunchak L. env., 48.2N 46.8E, 2-4.05.2010, K. Tomkovich, 2<; Kalmykia reg., Pri-yutnoe env., Manych R., 46.029N 43.439E, 9.06.2013, N. Vikhrev, 6<, 4$; Omsk reg., Omsk, Solenoe salt lake, 54.887N 73.349E, 24.07.2012, O. Kosterin, 2<; Orenburg reg., Sol-Iletsk env., 51.15N 55.01E, 28.08.2012, K. Tomkovich, 1<, 1$; Volgograd reg., Breslavka env., 48.535N 44.131E, 30.04.2013, N. Vikhrev, 1$; Zabaykalsky reg., Zun-Torey alcaline L., 50.01N 115.72E, 30.07.2011, A. Medvedev, 1<. Distribution. Known from E Europe to Far East. The northernmost record 54.88N. China records: He-bei prov., Guyuan (s 41N 115E) and Liaoning prov., Shenyang (41.8N 123.4E) [Zhang et al., 2005].

Lispe hydromyzina Fallen, 1825 Col. pl. II: 33

Type locality: (Sweden), Esperod (55.68N 14.24E). Material examined:

[Poland], Stolp in Pommern, 13.08.1929, O. Karl, 1<, 2$ ( ZMHU).

[Germany, Lower Saxony state], Borkum [Isl., 53.6N 6.7E], 10-12.08.1901, W. Schnuse, 2<<, 1$ (ZMHU).

Russia, St Petersburg reg., Nizhn. Bronnaya (59.93N 29.63E), 11.05.1919, A. Stackelberg, 1$ (with Hen-nig's handwriting label L. hydromyzina Fall.) (ZIN). Distribution. Known only from the shores of the Atlantic seas in W Europe.

Lispe litorea Fallen, 1825 Col. pl. I: 13

Type locality: (Sweden) Bohuslan (58.1N 11.5E).

Lispe pilosa Loew, 1862 Material examined:

Syntypes Lispe pilosa, 1<, 1$: 594, 595 (Germany, North Sea coast) (ZMHU).

Germany: (Lower Saxony state), Mellum (Isl.) (53.72N 8.15E), 24.06.1926, J. D. Alfken, 1$ (ZMUM), 1< (SDEI); Borkum (Isl., 53.6N 6.7E), VII-VIII, W. Schnuse, 4<, 3$ (ZMHU). United Kingdom: Somerset, Berrow (51.27N 3.02W), 10.06.1950, E. Fonseca, 2<; Gloucestershire (51.77N 2.42W), 10.07.1980, M. Ackland, 1<, 1$ (BMNH).

Distribution. Known only from the shores of the Atlantic seas in W Europe.

Lispe loewi Ringdahl, 1922 Col. pl. I: 17

Type locality: Germany; Italy, Sicily; Sweden.

Material examined:

(Algeria), Biskra (34.85N 5.73E), 1< (ZMHU). (Egypt), Port Said (31.2N 32.3E), 11<, 5$ (ZMHU). Kazakhstan: Atyrau reg., Ural R. bank, 46.95 N 51.73 E, 21.05.2011, K. Tomkovich, 1$; Kyzylorda reg., Aralsk, salt lake, 46.79 N 61.67 E, 12.05.2011, K. Tomkovich, 3<, 7$; WKazakhstan reg., Shalkar L. env., 50.6N 51.8E, 27.08.2012, K. Tomkovich, 2<, 7$. Morocco: El Jadida prov., Oualidia lagune, 32.746N 9.024W, 30.04.2012, N. Vikhrev, 1<, 1$; Essaouira prov., Essaouira env., 1-5.05.2012, N. Vikhrev, 13<, 10$; Tan-Tan prov.: Draa R., 28.528N 10.947W, 11.05.2012, N. Vikhrev, 5<, 1$; salt lagune, 28.204N 11.779W, 10.05.2012, N. Vikhrev, 16<, 3$. Russia: Astrakhan reg., Baskunchak salt Lake, 48.2N 46.8E, 2-4.05.2010, K. Tomkovich, 2<, 7$; Bashkortostan reg., Yushatyr R., 52.45N 55.78E, 30.08.2012, K. Tomkovich, 1<; Buryatia reg., Kyakhta env., 50.33N 106.70E, 24.07.2012, A. Medvedev, 1$; Kalmykia reg., 47.875N 44.601E, 8.06.2012, N. Vikhrev, 1<, 2$; Priyutnoe env., 46.1N 43.5E 2-3.05.2013, N. Vikhrev, 2<, 1$; Omsk reg., Omsk, Solenoe salt lake, 54.887N 73.349E, 24.07.2012, O. Kosterin, 1<; Orenburg reg., Sol-Iletsk env., 51.342N 55.013E, 28.08.2012, K. Tomkovich, 1$; Rostov reg., Kamensk-Shakhtinsky env., 48.29N 40.26E, 25.05.2011, D. Gavryushin, 1<, 2$; Stavropol reg., saltish pond, 45.245N 42.665E, 9.06.2012, N. Vikhrev, 5<, 3$; Volgograd reg., salt pool, 48.465N 44.570E, 8.06.2012, N. Vikhrev, 3<. Tajikistan: Khatlon prov., Jilikul env. (37.5N 68.5E), 16.04.1988, M. Krivosheina, 1<. Turkey: Adana prov., seashore salt marsh, 36.74N 35.62E, 12.04.2010, N. Vikhrev, 21<$; Hatay prov., salt lake, 36.07N 35.96E, 16.04.2010, N. Vikhrev, 14<$; Mersin prov., seashore salt marsh, 36.31N 34.01E, 22.04.2010, N. Vikhrev, 14<$, Mugla prov., Iztuzu beach (36.80N 28.61E), 7-9.06.2010, A. Grzy-wacz, 2$.

Turkmenistan: Ahal reg., 40 km W of Ashgabat (38.2N 57.9E), 12.05.1984, A. Ozerov, 3$; Da§oguz reg., Sarykamysh L. (41.6N 57.6E), 8.05.1991, A. Ozerov, 1<S; Mary reg.; Badhyz NR (35.7N 61.8E), 25.05.1991, A. Ozerov, 4<, 1$. Ukraine: Odessa reg., Odessa env., Khadzhibey Estuary (46.6N 30.6E),14.09.1938, B. Rohdendorf, 5 $. Distribution. Widespread in sea marshes and at banks of inland salt basins in West and Central Palaearctic. Probably the most southerly distributed species in Lispe palposa group, listed for Sudan [Pont, 1986], collected in S Morocco, 28.204N 11.779W. There is a record from China: Liaoning prov., Dalian (39.0N 121.5E) [Zhang et al., 2005].

Lispe neimongola Tian & Ma, 2000. Col. pl. I-II: 3, 4, 8, 11, 22

Type locality: China, Inner Mongolia, Alashan

(38.8N105.7E). Material examined:

China, Xinjiang prov., Kalamaili (Natural Reserve, 45.2N 89.1E), 6.08.2009, D. Zhang, 2$, 1$ (MNHN).

Kazakhstan, Kyzylorda reg., Aralsk, salt lake, 46.79 N 61.67 E, 12.05.2011, K. Tomkovich, 1$, 1$. Mongolia, South Gobi (Omnogovi) prov., Bulgan (44.095N 103.544E), 9-12.09.1970, V. Zaitsev, 3$ (ZIN).

Russia, Astrakhan reg., Baskunchak salt lake, 48.2N 46.8E, 2-4.05.2010, K. Tomkovich, 13$, 6$; Bashkortostan reg., Muraptalovo env., Kazlair salt L., 52.455N 55.770E, 30.08.2012, K. Tomkovich, 2$, 1$; Orenburg reg., Sol-Iletsk env., 51.342N 55.013E, 28.08.2012, K. Tomkovich, 2$, 2$; Stavropol reg., (Divnoe env.), brook on pasture, 45.825N 43.194E, 9.06.2012, N. Vikhrev, 10$; Volgograd reg., Elton salt L. (49.1N 46.6E) env., 14.07.1999, A. Gusakov, 1$; (Malye Chapurniki env.), salt pool, 48.465N 44.570E, 08.06.2012, N. Vikhrev, 11$, 11$. Turkmenistan: Daçoguz reg., Sarykamysh L. (41.6N 57.6E), 21.04.1989, A. Ozerov, 1$; Mary prov., Repetek (38.56N 63.17E), 4 and 12.05.1990, A. Ozerov, 2$, 2$.

Distribution. Palaearctic species so far know from 38N to 52N and from 43E to 114E (Shanxi prov., Tianzhen, 40.4N 114.1E [Zhang et al., 2005]). Remarks. Only scarce data were known on L. neimon-gola. Fortunately 3 specimens of L. neimongola with Dr. D. Zhang's identification labels are deposited in MNHN in Paris and were examined by author. The above listed material from ZMUM and ZIN collections certainly belongs to this species, thus I can give here the redescription of L. neimongola. Redescription. Male (col. pl. II: 22), body length 6-6.5 mm.

Head. Frons wide (as in L. flavinervis), blackish; frontal triangle dirty-yellowish, not very distinct; fronto-orbital plates dark grey; face and parafacials white, upper part of parafacial black. Fronto-orbital plates with 5(4) inclinate setae; with 2 reclinate setae in upper part and with outer row of about 10 hairs. Parafacials with 1-2 row of hairs. Antennae black, arista with hairs in basal half. Palpi from dirty yellow to dark brown. Vibrissae distinct but rather weak (1.5-2x as long as distance between vibrissae). Thorax densely grey dusted, vittae indistinct. prst ac in 5 irregular rows; dc 2+3, all strong. Katepisternals 1+2; anepimeron with 12-13 setulae; meron with 5-7 setulae above hind coxa. Anterior spiracle not enlarged. Wings hyaline, slightly brownish, calypters white, halter yellow.

Legs black with grey dusting. fl with typical rows of pd andpv setae. t1 without submedian seta. f2 in basal half with a row of 4-6 long (1-1.5x as long as femur

width), strong, slightly outward curved av setae (col. pl. II: 22); also f2 with typical row of short a setae in basal half and 2 pd preapicals. t2 with pd and ad setae below middle (usually 2-3 shorter additional ad present above strong ad seta). Mid tarsus as in col. pl. I: 11, tar2-5 much longer than tar2-4. Hind coxa without seta on inner posterior surface. f3 with a complete row of 10-12 rather weak av setae, pv surface bare. t3 with submedian ad seta distinct, setulae on ad surface elongate. Hind tarsus as in col. pl. I: 8, shortened. Palvilli on posterior tarsi reduced, very small. Abdomen with typical pattern: apex black with whitish midspot. Tergites 3 to 5 each with paired posterolateral spots, more distinct on tergite 5, less distinct on tergite 3. Abdominal spiracles not enlarged. Cercal plate and sternite 5 as in col. pl. I: 3, 4. Female differs from male as follows: body length 6.5-7 mm; parafacials with hairs in 2 rows; f2 without characteristic av row of strong setae; f3 with only 5-6 av in apical half; hind tarsus not shortened; apex of abdomen without pattern typical for males of the L. palposa group, usually in females of Lispe neimon-gola it is characteristically orange-yellow coloured. Diagnosis. The main diagnostic character of Lispe neimongola is the row of av setae on f2. Otherwise the species is rather «plain», it is placed in the key after exclusion of other species. Ecology. Salt to brackish inland lakes or ponds.

Lispe parcespinosa Becker, 1900

Lispe parcespinosa parcespinosa Becker, 1900

Col. pl. II: 23

Type locality: Russia, Krasnoyarsk reg., Taymyr distr., 70.7N 83.4E, 170 km NW of Dudinka.

Lispe bohemica Becker, 1904 sensu Snyder [1954] Material examined:

Syntypes L. parcespinosa, 2$: Russia, (Krasnoyarsk reg., Taymyr distr.), Nikander Isl. (Nikan-drik Isl., Yenisey R. estuary 70.7N 83.4E) (ZMHU and ZMUH).

Russia, Nenets reg., Sula R., left tributary of Pechora R. (67.2N 52.1E), 20.09.1933, Vorobieva, 1$ (ZIN). Distribution. In Palaearctic known from the upper course of the Yenisey and Pechora rivers; in Nearc-tic from Canada: Quebec, Northwest Territories and Nunavut [Snyder, 1954 (as L. bohemica)]. Seems to be a Holarctic circumpolar subspecies.

Lispe parcespinosa bohemica Becker, 1904 Col. pl. I-II: 15, 32

Type locality: Poland, Warsaw, Wisla R., (52.25N 21.02E).

Material examined:

Syntypes L. bohemica, 1$, 1$: (Poland, Warsaw), Praga (Wisla R., 52.25N 21.02E), Aug. (ZMHU). (Poland), Ottlotschin (52.91N 18.73E), 4.08.1906, P. Speiser, 1$ (ZMHU); Culm an der Weich River

(53.35N 18.40E), 2.09.1906, P. Speiser, 1$ (ZMHU). Russia: Chuvashia reg., Yadrin env., Sura R., 55.925N 46.228E, 12.07.2009, N. Vikhrev, 1$; Nizh-nyi Novgorod reg., Dzerzhinsk env., Oka R., 56.2N 43.6E, 17.08.2009, N. Vikhrev, 1$; Ryazan reg., Ka-simov env., Oka R., 54.94N 41.34E, 22-23.07.2013, N. Vikhrev, 1$, 3$ (one pair in copula). Distribution. Known from the Wisla River and the Volga River basin (the Oka and Sura tributaries of Volga) in Central and East Europe.

Lispe parcespinosa appendibacula Xue & Zhang, 2005 Col. pl. I: 16

Type locality: China, Liaoning prov., Shenyan Normal University (41.9N 123.4E). Material examined:

Mongolia, Central (Tov) prov., Tuul R. near Lun (47.86N 105.20E), 4.09.1967, V. Zaitsev, 1$ (ZIN). Distribution. Known from N China: Liaoning and Xinjiang prov. and Mongolia. (The female paratype of L. appendibacula was collected in Hebei prov. of China, but I excluded it because the paratype con-specifity to the male holotype seems to be doubtful.) Notes on the syntypes of L. p. parcespinosa. Hennig [1960: 434] found that in contrary to description of L. parcespinosa by two females the syntype in Berlin (ZMHU) is actually a male. The second syntype stored in Helsinki (ZMUH) was presumed to be a female. To my surprise, the Finnish syntype also turned to be a male. It is in good condition (col. pl. II: 23) and certainly conspecific to the syntype from Berlin. Remarks. The true identity of L. frigida was discussed above, the female holotype of L. frigida is conspecific to L. canadensis. Thus, L. parcespinosa became the oldest name among several species with rodlike seta on apex of tar2-4 in males (the same seta is also present in L. hydromyzina which differs well by other characters).

Hennig [1960: 434-435] noted that a male syntype of L. parcespinosa has the face and cheeks dusting yellowish and the rodlike seta on apex of tar2-4 longer than tar2-5, whereas in L. bohemica the head dusting is whitish and the rodlike seta shorter that tar2-5 (col. pl. I: 15). Hennig came to conclusion that these differences are not enough and synonymized L. bohemica to L. parcespinosa.

L. appendibacula. Recently one more similar species with rodlike seta on apex of tar2-4 in males was described from China, Liaoning prov. [Xue & Zhang, 2005]. Once again L. appendibacula was recorded from China, Xinjiang prov. (approx. 46N 86E) [Li et al., 2013]: this article is in Chinese, but illustrated by photos of the general view, head and mid tarsus of male. In the diagnosis (Remarks) the authors compared L. appendibacula only with a quite different L. hydromyzina [Xue & Zhang, 2005: 128]. In couplet 18 [Xue & Zhang, 2005: 120] of the identifica-

tion key the authors differentiated L. appendibacula from L. frigida (it is L. parcespinosa sensu this paper) by yellow palpi, the details of shape of the rodlike seta on tar2-4, and abdominal pattern. Available specimens of L. parcespinosa still are very scarce. Apart from few specimens seen by Hennig [1960: 434-435] I examined the second syntype of L. parcespinosa (from ZMUH), 5 new specimens (2$, 3$) collected in Central European Russia, and 1$ from Mongolia. There are 2 points Hennig did not take into account when proposing the synonymy of L. bohemica. L. parcespinosa has thoracic and abdominal spiracles enlarged (though less so than in L. frigida = L. canadensis), whereas in L. bohemica spiracles are not enlarged (1). All specimens which fit L. bohemica are from localities with temperate climate, whereas L. parcespinosa was collected exclusively north of the Arctic Circle (2). So, there are doubts about Hennig's synonymy. But after examination the Mongolian male of L. appendibacula I recently found among the unsorted material in ZIN collection I incline to agree with Hennig.

L. appendibacula has intermediate characters between L. parcespinosa and L. bohemica: face yellowish dusted; thoracic spiracles moderately enlarged, but abdominal ones not enlarged or almost so; rodlike seta on apex of tar2-4 of intermediate length (col. pl. I: 16). Note also that known specimens of L. ap-pendibacula were collected southerly and much easterly of the localities known for L. parcespinosa and L. bohemica. Hence it is most convenient to regard the taxa considered as 3 subspecies: L. parcespinosa parcespinosa Becker, 1900, L. parcespinosa bohemica Becker, 1904 and L. parcespinosa appendibacula Xue & Zhang, 2005.

Ecology. All specimens of L. p. bohemica I personally collected from European Russia were found on flood-plains of large rivers (Oka and Sura Rivers) on dry sand in 5-10 m from shore line.

Lispe superciliosa Loew, 1861

Lispe superciliosa superciliosa Loew, 1861

Col. pl. I: 14,18

Type locality: Poland, Silesia & Austria, Carinthian Alps.

Lispe superciliosa cancellata Canzoneri & Meneghi-ni, 1966, syn. nov. Type locality: Turkey, Ankara reg., Golbashy (39.8N 32.8E) and Tuz Golu (38.8N 33.6E).

Material examined:

Syntype L. superciliosa, Saualp, Zeller (Poland, Silesia?) (ZMHU).

Paratypes L. superciliosa cancellata 1$, 1$: Asia Minor (Turkey), Ankara reg., Golbashy (39.8N 32.8E), 18.05.1961, A. G. Soika (MNHN). Austria: Vienna (env.), 09.1968, J. Mik, 1$ (with Hennig's label) (ZIN).

Belarus, Minsk reg., Barysaw, 54.239N 28.494E, 5.07.2013, D. Gavryushin, 4$. Hungary, Kalocsa (46.5N 19.0E), Thalhammer, 2$, 2$ (ZMHU).

Kazakhstan: E Kazakhstan reg., Katon-Karagay NP, 49.07N 86.04E, 1630 m asl, 26-27.07.2010, O. Kosterin, 1$; W Kazakhstan reg., Uralsk env., 51.07N 51.05E, 26.08.2012, K. Tomkovich, 1$, 3$. Kyrgyzstan, Issyk Kul prov., Choktal env, 42.58N 76.75E, 1600 m asl, 22.09.2013, N. Vikhrev, 10$, 13$. Russia: Astrakhan reg., Baskunchak salt Lake, 48.2N 46.8E, 2-4.05.2010, K. Tomkovich, 1$, 3$; Bashkortostan reg., Yushatyr R., 52.45N 55.78E, 30.08.2012, K. Tomkovich, 2$; Kalmykia reg., 47.875N 44.601E, 8.06.2012, N. Vikhrev, 3$, 2$; Khakassia reg., Shira env., 54.422N 90.147E, 26.06.2011, K. Tomkovich, 54 $$; Krasnoyarsk reg., Yenisei R., 55.97N 92.74E, 19.06.2011, K. Tomkovich, 1$, 1$; Novosibirsk reg., Akademgorodok, 54.83N 83.15E, 13.07.2012, O. Kosterin, 1$, 1$; Orenburg reg., Sol-Iletsk env., 51.342N 55.013E, 28.08.2012, K. Tomkovich, 1$; Omsk reg., Omsk, Irtysh R., 55.01N 73.32E, 20.06.2011, O. Kosterin, 1$, 2$; Omsk, Solenoe salt lake, 54.886N 73.348E, 19.07.2011, O. Kosterin, 7$, 2$; Rostov reg., Kamensk-Shakhtinsky env., 48.29N 40.26E, 25.05.2011, D. Gavryushin, 14 $$; Saratov reg., Saratov env., 51.60N 46.35E, 24.08.2012, K. Tomkovich, 1$; St-Petersburg reg., Nijn. Bronnaya (59.93N 29.63E), 26.07.1918, A. Stackelberg, 1$ (ZIN); Tambov reg., Tambov env., 52.677N 41.330E, 6.06.2012, N. Vikhrev, 1$; Ulyanovsk reg., 54.01N 48.59E, 2.09.2010, K. Tomkovich, 9 $$; 52.83N 48.36E, 08.05.2011, K. Tomkovich, 14 $$; Volgograd reg., Novoanninskiy env., 50.418N 42.760E, 7.VI.2012, N. Vikhrev, 4$, 4$; Sarpa L., 48.35N 44.61E, 7.06.2012, N. Vikhrev, 2$; Zabaykalsky reg., 51.42N 116.24E, 30.06.2011, A. Medvedev, 1$, 1$; Zun-Torey alcaline lake, 50.01N 115.72E, 30.07.2011, A. Medvedev, 1$. Serbia, Kalna, Timok R., 43.42N 22.42E , 30.06.2015, N. Vikhrev, 1$.

Turkey: Konya prov., Beyshehir L., 37.79N 31.64E, 11.09.2009, N. Vikhrev, 8$, 4$. Ukraine: Donetsk reg., Slavyansk env. (48.87N 37.63E), 1886, Yaroshevsky, 1$, 1$ (ZIN). Distribution. A West Palaearctic subspecies extending to the east until the Yenisey R., in E Palaearctic replaced by the eastern subspecies L. s. monochaita. There is a Chinese record of L. s. superciliosa: Xinjiang prov. [Zhang et al., 2005].

Lispe superciliosa monochaita Mou et Ma, 1992 comb. n.

Lispe monochaita Mou et Ma, 1992, type locality: China, Liaoning prov.

Lispe litorea Fallen, 1825: Zhang et al., 2005: 215, misidentification.

Material examined:

Mongolia: South Gobi (Omnogovi) prov., 80 km SSE of Nomgon (« 42.5N 105.5E), 5-8.08.1967, V. Zaitsev, (ZIN); Central (Tov) prov., Tuul R. near Lun (47.86N 105.20E), 4.09.1967, V. Zaitsev, 1$ (ZIN).

Russia: Buryatia reg., Kyakhta env., 50.33N 106.70E, 24.07.2012, A. Medvedev, 2$; Khabarovsk reg., Khabarovsk, Amur R., 48.55N 135.02E, 2-6.06.2014, N. Vikhrev, 5$, 4$, 25.06.2014, N. Vikhrev, 3$; Krasnoyarsk reg., Yenisei R., 55.97N 92.74E, 19.06.2011, K. Tomkovich, 1$; Primorsky reg., Khanka L., 45.06N 131.99E, 15-19.06.2014, N. Vikhrev, 1$; Us-suriysk, 43.875N 131.960E, 3.07.2014, N. Vikhrev, 1$; Sakha (Yakutia) reg., Yakutsk [62.0N 129.7E], 17.06.1927, 1$ (ZIN); Zabaykalsky reg.: Undino Posel'e, 51.42N 116.24E, 30.06.2011, A. Medvedev, 1$, 1$; Zun-Torey alkaline lake, 50.01N 115.72E, 30.07.2011, A. Medvedev, 2$. Distribution. An East Palaearctic subspecies ranging from the Yenisei R. to Far East. The northernmost record is Yakutsk, 62N. There are several Chinese records of L. s. monochaita: Jilin, Liaoning and Shanxi prov. [Zhang et al., 2005].

Synonymy. Lispe superciliosa cancellata Canzoneri & Meneghini, 1966 (also listed as Lispe cancellata Canzoneri & Meneghini, 1966 [www.diptera.org/No-menclatorDetail.php?Recn=432334]) was described from Central Turkey. Authors of subspecies admitted that L. s. cancellata has no morphological difference from the nominative form, but the mesolobus of the ep-andrium is somewhat shorter in L. s. cancellata. I examined specimens from the type locality of L. s. can-cellata and found no reliable differences. So, I believe that description of this subspecies is groundless and Lispe s. superciliosa Loew, 1861 = Lispe superciliosa cancellata Canzoneri & Meneghini, 1966, syn. nov. The true identity of L. monochaita. Lispe monochaita Mou et Ma, 1992 was synonymized with L. litorea by Zhang et al. [2005] on the basis of presence of additional ad setae on t2. Actually L. monochaita shares this and several other characters (hind coxa with seta on inner posterior surface; vibrissae present; upper parafacial with dark spot) with either L. litorea and L. superciliosa. However the distributional data make the synonymy offered by Zhang et al. [2005] doubtful: L. litorea is known from sea shores of NW Europe only and was never recorded neither in E Europe nor in Asia. The fine structure of male tarsi of L. monochaita is identical to that of L. superciliosa. Natural habitats of L. monochaita and L. superciliosa (banks of rivers or banks of fresh or brackish lakes) are also similar. L. monochaita differs from L. superciliosa in both sexes by absence of pv seta on t2 and absence of submedian v seta on t1. I regard L. monochaita as L. superciliosa monochaita, the eastern sub-

species of L. superciliosa and the Yenisey R., where in apical 1/4. f3 with 6-8 av setae................

both subspecies were collected as a natural border for ......................... 4 (superciliosa Loew)

subspecies. 4. t2 with strong pv seta. t1 with short but dis-

Lispe tarsocilica Xue & Zhang, 2005 tinct v in apical 1/4-1/5. Europe - W Siberia

Col pl I' 19 20 21 ................. superciliosa superciliosa Loew

Type^locality: China, Hebei prov. - t2 withoutpv t1 without v near apex. E Siberia - Far

Material examined' East..... superciliosa monochaita Mou & Ma

Mongolia: Btiyankhongor prov., N bank Orog-Nur L. 5. t2 with 1 strong pv seta, also with 1 ad and 1 pd

[45.08N 100.55E], salt marsh, V. Zaitsev, 15-16.08.1967, below middle. Hind tarsus shortened and strongly

2& 2$, A. Emelianov, 19.08.1967, 1$ (ZIN). depressed laterally (col. p1. L 9). a11 frontal setae

Russia: Zabaykalsky reg.: Zun-Torey alkaline lake, (about 10) backward directed (co1. p1. II: 31). (Ab-

50.01N 115.72E, 30.07.2011, A.Medvedev, 16& 6$; dominal tergites 3 to 5 evenly grey dusted without

14.08.2012, A.Medvedev, 8& 13$; barrier between distinct black pattern. Frons relatively narrow and

Torey Lakes, 50.10N 115.68E, 3-4.08.2011, V. Duba- narrowed in lower part Parafacials without dark

tolov 2$ (ISEA) spot in upper part. t1 without p. f3 with 7-8 av se-

Distribution. China, ' Hebei prov.; Mongolia, Bay- tae)..................... hebeiensis Ma & Tian

ankhongor prov.; Russia, Zabaykalsky reg. - t2 withoutpv Hind tarsus not or less depressed laterally (compare col. pl. I: 6, 7, 8 with col. pl. I: 9).

Identification key for Palaearctic species of the Only 2 upper frontal setae are reclinate, 4-5 lower

Lispepalposa group , S setae are inclinate (as on col. pl. II: 32)...... 6

(L. ezensis is not included in this key.) 6. Vibrissae indistinct or very weak (L. flavicinc-

1. Hind coxa with seta on inner posterior side. t2 with ta), shorter than distance between vibrissa bases. additional ad setae or with dense setae on v surface. Smaller species (usually 4.5-6.5 mm). Arista sh°rt (Palpi black to dark brown. Arista distinctly longer to medium long; aristal hairs longer, at least as long

than pospedicel, with long, thin and bare apical part, as width of antenna.......................... 7

aristal hairs about as long as postpedicel width.) .. - Vibrissae strong (rather weak in L. neimongola), ............................................ 2 always distinctly longer than distance between vi- Hind coxa bare on inner posterior side. t2 with only brissa bases. Larger species (6-8 mm). Arista usu-

1 ad seta (except in some specimens of L. apicalis) ally long; aristal hairs short, shorter than width of

and without dense setae on v surface........... 5 antenna.................................... 11

2. Vibrissae absent. Parafacials without dark spot in 7. tar2-4 at apex with anterior spine-like projection upper part. Chaetotaxy of t2: 1 ad seta placed dis- subequal in length to tar2-5 (col. pl. I: 15, 16). tinctly above middle; 1(2)p seta(e) short and weak, Parafacials bare in upper 2/3. Either parafacials also placed above middle; on v surface at apical with a dark spot in upper part (col. pl. II: 32) or half 1-2 strong spine-like seta(e) and a row of lon- frons evenly silvery-whitish dusted (col. pl. II: 33).

ger fine setae. tar2-1 with long fine curled ventral Frons wider................................. 8

setae at base (col. pl. I: 17). (Mid tarsus shorter than - tar2-4 without such projection. Parafacials with a

half length of t2. Hind tarsus thin and long, about complete row of setulae and without dark spot in

as long as t3.)................... loewi Ringdahl upper part. Frons narrower.................... 9

- Vibrissae present. Parafacials with dark spot in up- 8. Frons and fronto-orbital plates evenly whitish

per part. t2 with 2-3 ad and pd setae placed below dusted, almost unicolourous, frontal triangle wide,

middle, pd seta(e) strong, v surface bare (but 1 whitish dusted, hardly distinct from whitish frons

strong pv present in L. superciliosa superciliosa), (col. pl. II: 33). Parafacials without dark spot in

tar2-1 without long seta at base............... 3 upper part. Antennae and arista remarkably short.

3. t3 with ad strong and very distinct. tar2-1 to tar2- Palpi yellow. t1 with short but distinct p below 3 with long (longer than tarsus width ) setulae on middle. t3 with ad seta weak, not very distinct a surface (col. pl. I: 13). Vibrissae strong (2.5-3x among ad setulae. Thorax and abdomen evenly as long as distance between vibrissae). Mid tarsus light-grey dusted, without black stripes or spots

about half as long as t2. t1 with fine but distinct pv ........................... hydromyzina Fallen

seta below middle. f3 with 10-12 av setae................- Frons dark; parafacials with dark spot in upper part;

................................. litorea Fallen frontal triangle distinct (as col. pl. II: 32). Anten- t3 with elongated ad setulae, but without distinct nae longer. Palpi dark brown to yellow. t1 without

ad seta. tar2-1 to tar2-3 with only usual short hairs p. t3 with ad distinct. Thorax and abdomen not

(col. pl. I: 14). Vibrissae rather weak (1.5-2x as evenly light-grey dusted, with black stripes and

long as distance between vibrissae). Mid tarsus al- spots......................parcespinosa Becker

most as long as t2. t1 without pv, with or without v 9. f3 with a complete rows of about 12 strong and

long av setae. Hind tarsus as col. pl. I: 7: tar3-5 narrowed and long, about as long as tar3-4 and tar3-3 together. (Meron with setulae above hind coxa. f2 with a complete row of rather strong ventral setae. t3 with ad seta much stronger than elongated setulae in ad row. Wing not darkened.) ...............................flavicincta Loew

- f3 with 3-5 less strong av setae in apical half only. Hind tarsus as col. pl. I: 6: tar3-5 as wide as tar3-4 and shorter than tar3-4 and tar3-3 together.....10

10. Wings darkened antero-apically around R4+5 and R2+3 (in specimens from Morocco darkening may be hardly distinct). Meron with setulae above hind coxa. t3 with ad seta much stronger than elongated

setulae in ad row. Cercal plate: col. pl. I: 1......

..................................apicalis Mik

- Wings not darkened. Meron bare above hind coxa. t3 with ad seta hardly distinct, longer but about as strong as other elongated setulae in ad row. Cercal plate: col. pl. I: 2........... elkantarae Becker

11. Anterior thoracic spiracle (col. pl. II: 24) and abdominal spiracles (col. pl. II: 26) enlarged. Scutum in posterior view black almost without grey dusting. North....................................

..........frigida Erichson (= canadensis Snyder)

- Abdominal spiracles not enlarged. Scutum with distinct dusting................................12

12. Mid tarsus modified: tar2-1 shortened (shorter than tar2-4 and tar2-3 together), with a tuft of 1012 long waved v setae at base (col. pl. I: 20); tar2-1 to tar2-3 each with several elongated a setulae. Postpronotal lobe, anepisternum, katepisternum and lateral surface of abdomen (often dorsal surface too) with distinct yellow tint (col. pl. I: 19,21). t1 with p seta short but strong. t2 with only 1 pd setae. Parafacials with dark spot in upper part. E Asia.................tarsocilica Xue & Zhang

- Mid tarsus not modified......................13

13. Meron bare above hind coxa. Frons narrowed as on col. pl. II: 30. f3 with several long pv in basal third. Hind tarsus with pulvillus longer than half length of claw. (Parafacials without dark spot in upper part. t1 without p seta. Large species.) ............................... cinifera Becker

- Meron with hairs above hind coxa. Frons wider as on col. pl. II: 29. f3 without pv. Hind tarsus with pulvillus reduced shorter than half length of claw ............................................14

14. t1 with fine pd seta and with d setulae elongated (as long as tibia width). f2 without strong av setae, at most with fine hairs at base (do not confuse with a setae). Vibrissae strong. Mid tarsus as on col. pl. I: 12, tar2-5 thick and short. Body length 7-7.5 mm.........................flavinervis Becker

- t1 without pd seta or elongated d setulae. f2 in basal half with 4-6 strong av setae 1-1.5x as long

as femur width (col. pl. I: 21). f3 without pv. Vi-brissae usually weak. Mid tarsus as on col. pl. I: 11, tar2-5 thin and long. Body length 6-6.5 mm .........................neimongola Tian & Ma

Identification key for Palaearctic species of the Lispe palposa group , 9

1. Hind coxa with seta on inner posterior side. t2 with more than 1 ad setae. Palpi black to dark brown .. .............................................2

- Hind coxa bare on inner posterior side. t2 with only

1 ad setae...................................5

2. t2 with 1 strong pv seta. t1 with short but distinct v in apical 1/4-1/5. (Parafacials with dark spot in upper part at level of insertion of antenna. Besides above mentioned 1 pv, t2 with only 1 pd and several ad setae 1-2 of which much longer than other. f3 with 5-6 av. Abdominal tergites 3-5 with a broadly triangular dark median spot; paired lateral dark spots from very conspicuous to almost indistinct. Europe - W Siberia (till Yenisey River). River banks or

freshwater to brackish lakes.)..................

................. superciliosa superciliosa Loew

- t2 without pv seta. t1 without short v in apical 1/41/5, but usually with p seta slightly below middle .. ............................................3

3. Parafacials without dark spot in upper part. t2 with

2 medium strong ad and 3 short pd, either ad and pd of even length and widely separated, upper ad and pd set above middle of tibia. f3 with 4-5 av. t1 with p slightly below middle. Abdomen with conspicuous dark midline.) Widespread in Palaearctic; the southernmost species of L. palposa group, recorded till 28N. Salt lakes or saline seashore marshes .. ................................loewi Ringdahl

- Parafacials with a dark spot in upper part at level of antennae. t2 with 3-4 ad and 1-2 pd, all setae on t2 densely set below middle, ad setae of different length, 1(2) ad much longer than other..........4

4. t1 with p seta. f3 with 7-9 av. Abdomen with dark midline inconspicuous. W Europe. Seashore marshes ................................litorea Fallen

- t1 without p. f3 with 4-5 av. Abdomen with a conspicuous dark midline. East Palaearctic from Yenisey River to Far East. River banks or freshwater to saltish lakes..............................

............ superciliosa monochaita Mou & Ma

5. t2 with 1 strong pv seta in addition to 1 ad and 1 pd. (Abdominal tergite 4 with a pair of postero-lateral spots, otherwise tergites 3 to 5 evenly grey dusted without distinct black pattern, rarely indistinct dark midline present. Antennae short, arista short haired, about as long as postpedicel. Parafacials without dark spot in upper part. t1 without p. f3 with 4-7 av setae. Palpi brown to black.) E Europe to Far East ..........................hebeiensis Ma & Tian

- t2 without pv................................6 - Meron with several hairs above hind coxa. From

6. t1 with p seta................................7 W Palaearctic (including Algeria and Morocco) to

- t1 without p seta..............................9 Central Asia.......................apicalis Mik

7. Frons and fronto-orbital plates evenly whitish dust- 15. Parafacials with 1 sparse row of hairs. t2 with 1

ed, almost concolour, frontal triangle wide, whitish strong ad only. Apex of abdomen always grey. Sand

dusted, hardly distinct from whitish frons. Parafa- beaches along big rivers____parcespinosa Becker

cials without dark spot in upper part (see: col. pl. - Hairs on upper half of parafacials in 2 rows. t2 usu-

II: 33). Antennae and arista remarkably short. Tho- ally with 2-3 short setae above strong ad. Apex of

rax and abdomen almost evenly light-grey dusted. abdomen usually orange-yellow. Brackish lakes

Small species, body length 5-6 mm. Sea shores of .........................neimongola Tian & Ma

W Europe..................hydromyzina Fallen 1 n - .. , , T . ,

„ , f , - , , ,, , , , 10.2 Nearctic fauna of the Lispe palposa group

- Frons black, frontal triangle of typical shape, distinct, parafacials with dark spot in upper part (col. Notes on the Nearctic fauna of the Lispepalposa group. pl. II: 29). Antennae and arista longer. Thorax and The Nearctic fauna of the Lispe palposa group was reabdomen brown-grey dusted, with distinct dark pat- vised even longer ago than the Palaearctic one [Snyder, tern. Large species, body length 6-7.5 mm. Inland 1954]. I had a possibility to examine only limited Ameri-regions of E Europe and Asia..................8 can material, but I hope that even short comments on the

8. t2 often with 2p setae at least on one side. Postpro- species I personally examined may be of some use. notal lobe and lateral surface of abdomen with con- Lispe palpom Walker 1849

colour grey dusting. Recorded from 37E to 100E col pl I 10

.............................flavinervis Becker Lispe nigromaculata Stein, 1898

- t2 with 1 p seta. Postpronotal lobe and lateral sur- Material examined:

face of abdomen with a yellow tint. Recorded from Syntypes L. nigromaculata 1$, 5$: USA: KS, Lawrence

100E to 120E...........tarsocilica Xue & Zhang (39.on 95.3W), 1$, 1$; ID, Moscow (46.7N 117.0W),

9. Frons narrowed as on c°L p1. II: 30. Meron bare 2$, SD: Elmira (44.9N 97.2W), 1$, Brookings (44.3N above hind coxa. f3 with several long pv in basal 96.8W), 1$ (all coll.: J.M. Aldrich, all ZMHU).

third. Hind tarsus with pulvilli longer than half Canada: Manitoba, Whitewater L. (49.2N 100.3W),

length of claw. Parafacials without dark spot in 22.06.1958, R.D. Bird, 1$, 1$; Quebec, Hemming-

upper part. t1 without p seta. Large species, body ford (45.1N 73.6W), 29.06.1923, C.H. Curran, 1$.

length 7-8 mm..................cinifera Becker USA, WA, Pullman (46.7N 117.2W), 16.08.1907,

- Frons wide (as on col. pl. II: 29).............10 1$ 1$ (ZMHU)

10. Anterior thoracic spiracle and abdominal spir- Remarks. A detailed description of L. palposa was acles enlarged (co1. p1. II: 24, 25, 26). Parafacials given in [Aldrich, 1913]. The species which gave the with dark spot in upper part. Holarctic, from 60N name to the L. palposa group has few specific diag-

and northward ................................................................nostic characters: upper part of parafacials with black

..........frigida Erichson (= canadensis Snyder) spots, very distinct and extensive; vibrissae absent;

- Anterior thoracic spiracle and abdominal spiracles palpi black; leg chaetotaxy without special features. not enlarged (co1. p1. II: 27). Parafacials without I would like to offer one more character for males: dark spot in upper part. Palaearctic from 55N and tar2-3 and tar2-4 at apex on posterior side with dis-southward..................................11 tinct curved setulae which are longer than length of

11. Abdominal tergites 3 to 5 with characteristic pat- respective tarsal segments (col. pl. I: 10). tern: median and a pair of submedian vittae (col. pl.

II: 28).......................flavicincta Loew Lispeprobohemica Speiser, 1914

- Abdomen without such pattern................12 Material examined:

12. dc 2+4. Far East.....ezensis Shinonaga & Kano USA, GA, Decatur Co- Spring Creek (30 855N

- dc 2+3 " 13 84.584W), 16-29.07.1912, 1$ (ZMHU).

13. t2with"""■"¡¡""si"'long'as'distance '¿omits Remarks. Species of the l.palposagroup with the

insertion to apex of tibia. Hind tarsus with pulvilli rodlike seta on tar2-4 are rare in collections and their

longer than half length of claw. Palpi yellow '.„ taxonomic status requires specification. The validity

14 of Nearctic L. probohemica seems to me doubtless

- '.2 'with "ad 's""a s^r hardly'longer "han'hal'f dis- because tthe ^f seta * situated on the

. r. f+-u- u a + surface of tar2-4; the rodlike seta is curved; tar2-4 to tance from its insertion to apex of tibia. Hind tarsus

tar2-2 are remarkably shortened.

with pulvilli shorter than half length of claw. Palpi

brownish to black............................15 Lispe salina Aldrich, 1913

14. Meron bare above hind coxa. Algeria and Mo- Material examined:

rocco........................elkantarae Becker Syntypes, 2$ and 1$: USA: UT, Great Salt Lake

(40.7N 112.5W), (J.M. Aldrich), 31.07.1908, 1$, 1$ (ZMHU); NV, Walker Lake (38.65N 118.75W), (J.M. Aldrich), 25.07.1908, 1$ (SDEI). Male from SDEI labeled as syntype by N. Vikhrev. Canada: Manitoba: Whitewater L. (49.2N 100.3W), 22.06.1958, R.D. Bird, 1$; 15 miles S Brandon (49.60N 99.95W), 7.08.1958, J.G. Chillcott, 1$; Saskatchewan, Great Deer (52.58N 107.06W), 25.04.1948, J R. Vockeroth, 1$. Remarks. In 1908 Aldrich sent several specimens from the type series of L. salina to T. Becker. Becker informed Aldrich that he could not distinguish this species from L. cinifera Becker, 1904 [Aldrich, 1913]. In spite of this, Aldrich described L. salina in [1913]. Afterwards the doubts on the validity of L. salina were discussed by Snyder [1954] and Hennig [1960]. I have both species in hand and I am sure that L. salina is a good species. L. salina shares with L. cinifera the presence of long pv setae on the basal part of f3, but L. salina has about 15 these setae whereas L. cinifera 4-6 setae; L. salina has the frons wider; the meron hairy; the fine structure of male tarsi quite different. The fine structure of male tarsi of L. salina resembles that of L. flavinervis, these species differ as follows:

- t1 without p; f2 in basal half with av and pv setulae 2x longer than femur width. $: f3 with about 15 pv in basal half.....................salina Aldrich

- t1 with p; f2 in basal half with ventral setulae not longer than femur width. $: f3 without pv setae .............................flavinervis Becker

Lispe sordida Aldrich, 1913 Material examined:

Syntypes, 3$, 4$: USA, UT, Brigham (41.2N 112.2W), (J.M. Aldrich ), 4.07.1911 (2$, 3$, ZMHU and 1$, 1$, ZMUM). USA, UT, Roy (41.2N 112.2W), 25.08.1957, G.F. Knowlton, 1$. Remarks. L. sordida has several diagnostic characters which make it easy to distinguish in both sexes: t3 with 1 av in apical third; t1 with submedian p seta; t2 with 2 pd; $ tar2-2 shortened, shorter than tar2-3; f3 with a complete row of 8-10 remarkably long av. The first character (t3 with 1 av) was unique in the L. palposa group until the description of L. bahama Snyder, 1958 (type locality: S Caicos Isl., 21.5N 71.5W). According to [Snyder, 1958] L. bahama shares with L. sordida all diagnostic characters except that «tarsal segments not unusually modified». Surprisingly, Snyder [1958] did not compare L. bahama with L. sordida, so reexamination of L. bahama is quite desirable.

11. Lispe uliginosa species-group

Notes on the L. uliginosa group. The Lispe uliginosa group was proposed by Snyder [1954] for 7 Ne-arctic species: L. albitarsis Stein, 1898; L. antennata Aldrich, 1913; L. cotidiana Snyder, 1954; L. nasoni

Stein, 1898; L. neouliginosa Snyder, 1954; L. nudifa-cies Snyder, 1954; L. polita Coquillett, 1904 and the European L. uliginosa Fallen, 1825. Four more species belonging to the L. uliginosa group are distributed in South and Central America: L. latana Snyder, 1949; L. levis Stein, 1911; L. lisarba Snyder, 1949; L. serotina Wulp, 1896. The Palaearctic fauna of the L. uliginosa group sensu Hennig [1960] is represented by L. cotidiana and L. uliginosa only. Snyder characterized the L. uliginosa group as follows: t1 with p; t2 with 1 ad and 1 pd; t3 with 1 av; palpi narrow and very gradually divergent; abdomen cylindrical; halves of cercal plate separated; sternite 5 reduced to a pair of membranous sclerites. Hennig added to these characters that katepisternal setae forms a triangle near to equilateral. Hennig [1960: 445] supposed relationship of Lispe melaleuca Loew, 1847 to the L. uliginosa group. Actually, the Palaearctic L. melaleu-ca shares all the characters of the L. uliginosa group mentioned above. The third Palaearctic species Lispe septentrionalis Xue & Zhang, 2005 has intermediate characters and supports the relationship of L. mela-leuca and L. uliginosa.

L. uliginosa is variable, widespread and the northernmost distributed species of the group and I believe that the American species of the L. uliginosa group are descendants of this single species which colonized America via the Bering land bridge. All American species (including small L. albitarsis) share two apomorphic characters: several additional ad setae/ setulae on t3 and d seta in apical 1/3 of t1, while these characters are absent in Palaearctic L. melaleuca and L. septentrionalis.

11.1. Palaearctic fauna of the Lispe uliginosa group

Lispe melaleuca Loew, 1847 Col. pl. II-III: 34, 41 Type locality: Italy, Sicily. Material examined: 200 $ and $ from: Azerbaijan, Belarus, Minsk reg.; Israel; Hungary; Kazakhstan: Akmola, Atyrau, Kyzylorda, W Kazakhstan regions; Kyrgyzstan, Chuy prov.; Mongolia: Bayankhongor, Govi-Altai, Uvs prov.; Russia: Astrakhan, Bashkortostan, Kaliningrad, Kalmykia, Khakassia, Krasnodar, Omsk, Orenburg, Rostov, Ryazan, Saratov, Stavropol, Volgograd, Zabaykalsky regions; Serbia; Spain; Tajikistan, Khatlon; Turkey: Antalya, Hatay, Konya, Mersin, Sakarya prov.; Turkmenistan: Ahal and Da^oguz regions; Ukraine, Kherson reg.; Uzbekistan, Karakalpakstan reg. Distribution. L. melaleuca inhabits the Palaearctic from W Europe to E Siberia (the easternmost record is in Zabaykalsky reg., 51.42N 116.25E). In E Europe and Siberia the northern border of distribution of L. melaleuca is situated along 54N-55N (Kaliningrad reg. - 54.73N; Minsk reg. - 54.239N; Ryazan

reg. - 54.94N, Omsk reg. - 54.97N, Khakassia reg. - 54.65N).

Lispe septentrionalis Xue & Zhang, 2005 Col. pl. II-III: 35, 40

Type locality: China, Liaoning and Heilongjiang prov.

Material examined:

Russia, Primorsky reg.: Khanka L., 45.06N 131.99E, 15-19.06.2014, N. Vikhrev, 5$, 3$; 4-6.07.2014, N. Vikhrev, 9$, 4$; Gornye Klyuchi, Ussuri R., 45.25N 133.50E, 6-7.07.2014, N. Vikhrev, 1$. Distribution. So far known from China: Hebei, Heilongjiang, Liaoning prov. and Russia, Primorsky reg. (Lispe sp. from Harbin [Heilongjiang prov.] mentioned by Hennig [1960: 460] certainly is L. septentrionalis.) Description of female. Body length 5.0-6.5 mm. Head. Upper fronto-orbital plates, frons and frontal triangle black; lower fronto-orbital plates black with yellowish dusting; frontal triangle not very distinct. Face, parafa-cials and cheeks yellowish-grey dusted, occiput grey. Fronto-orbital plates with 3 inclinate, 2 reclinate setae and an outer row of setulae. Parafacials with 2-3 irregular rows of hairs. Antennae black, but apex of pedicel and inner basal part of postpedicel yellow. Longest aris-tal hairs 1.5x as long as width of antenna. Palpi narrow, yellow. Thorax black; scutum with thin brownish-grey dusting and 3 narrow indistinct vittae, median and a pair of submedian ones along dc rows; pleura with whitish dusting. Chaetotaxy: dc 2+3, all strong; katepisternals 1:1:1, with sparse additional hairs; anepimeron with 5-7 setulae; meron with 3-5 hairs above hind coxa (in the description of $ L. septentrionalis [Xue & Zhang, 2005] «meron bare», actually meron with 3-5 hairs in both sexes). Wings hyaline, calypters yellow-white, halter yellow-brown. Legs with tibiae and apex off2 yellow, the rest of leg dark. t1 with 1 pv in apical 1/3. Fore tarsus entirely dark, tarsal segments not shortened. f2 in basal part a row of short a setae, the last a seta before middle long and strong; 2pd at apex. t2 below middle with 1 ad and 1 pd. f3 with 1 median av and 1 av near apex. t3 with 1 median ad and 1 av in apical 1/3. Abdomen dark with indistinct whitish-grey median vitta and whitish-grey dusted posterior margin of tergites. Male (col. pl. III: 40) differs as follows. Fore tarsus slightly modified: tar1-1 to tar1-3 dark dorsally and yellowish ventrally, tar1-4 and tar1-5 entirely dark; tar1-2 to tar1-5 shortened and broadened, though less so than in L. melaleuca. f2 with rows of short av and pv setae. f3 in basal 2/3 with av and pv rows of 6-7 strong setae. Abdomen cylindrical, glossy black, with pairs of contrasting white spots on posterior margin of tergites 1+2 to 4.

Lispe uliginosa Fallen, 1825 Col. pl. II-III: 36, 39

Type locality: Sweden: Vastra Gotaland & Skane (Västergötland, s 58N 13E).

Lispe cotidiana Snyder, 1954. Type locality: Canada, Alberta, Suffield (50.2N 111.2W), syn. nov. Lispe neouliginosa Snyder, 1954. Type locality: USA, California, Lone Pine (36.6N 118.1W), syn. nov. Material examined:

Belarus, Minsk reg., Barysaw, Berezina R., 54.239N 28.494E, 5.07.2013, D. Gavryushin, 1$. Canada: Alberta prov., Empress (50.96N 110.01W), 7.06.1957, Brooks & MacNay, 1$, 1$; Manitoba prov., Fort Churchill (58.76N 94.08W), 8.07.1952, C D. Bird, 1$; Whitewater L., (50.8N 100.4W), 14.08.1958, J.G. Chillcott, 1$, 1$. China, Qinghai prov., Kurlyk (-Nor Lake), Baingol (River), vost. (East) Tsaidam (« 37.2N 96.9E), Rob(orovskyiy and) Kozlov, 21.05.1895, 1$, 2$ (ZIN). Denmark, Greenland, Sondrestrom Air Base (Kangerlussuaq, 67.0N 50.7W), 21.06.1952, W.J. Brown, 1$, 1$.

Germany, Lower Saxonia state, 54.305N 10.780E, C. Kassabeer, 5.07.2014 and 13.08.2014, 2$. Hungary, Apaj-Puszta (47.1N 19.1E), swamp, 25.06.1970, K. Gorodkov, 7$, 2$ (ZIN). Kazakhstan: Almaty prov., Issyk Lake (43.25N 77.48E, 1720 m asl), 7.09.1959, V. Sychevskaya, 1$; E Kazakhstan reg.: Tarbagatay range, 1700 m asl, 49.07N 86.01E, 26-27.07.2010, O. Kosterin, 1$, Bukhtarmin-skoe Lake, 2070 m asl, 49.27N 86.97E, 4.07.2012, O. Kosterin, 1$, 1$; N Kazakhstan reg., Ishim R., 53.35N 67.05E, 15.VIII.2015, O.Kosterin, 1$. Kyrgyzstan, Issyk Kul prov., Choktal env, 42.58N 76.75E, 1600 m asl, 22.09.2013, N.Vikhrev, 10$. Mongolia: Bayankhongor prov., Orog-Nur L. (45.08N 100.55E), 6-30.06.1926, P. Kozlov, 1$ (ZIN); Central (Tov) prov.: Sharkhay-Khunde, 24.07.1909, P. Kozlov, 1$ (ZIN); Tuul R. near Lun (47.86N 105.20E), 4.09.1967, V. Zaitsev, 1$ (ZIN); Uvs prov.; 50 km E of Ulangom (49.99N 92.75E, Uvs-Nuur L.), 10-11.07.1967, M. Kozlov, 1$ (ZIN); 6.08.1970, E. Nartchuk, 1$ (ZIN); Sagil distr., 1630 m asl, 50.171N 90.728E, 11-13.07.2010, A. Reshchikov, 1$. Russia: Altai Republic reg., 10 km E Chike-Taman pass, B. Ilgumen R. (50.64N 86.41E), 28.07.2006, A. Ovchinnikov, 1$ (ZIN); Buryatia reg., Troitskosavsk (Kyakhta, 50.35N 106.45E), 13.07.1926, Mikhno, 1$ (ZIN); Chelyabinsk reg.: Zlatoust env., 55.3N 59.8E, 850 m asl, 18-24.07.2008, K. Tomkovich, 1$; Khakassia reg., Shira distr.: M. Spirinskoe freshwater L., 54.422N 90.147E, 26.06.2011, K. Tomkovich, 16$, 3$; Shira L. env., salt pond, 54.445N 90.331E; 28.06.2011, K. Tomkovich, 2$; Khabarovsk reg, Khabarovsk, 48.6N 135.1E, 2-6.06.2014, N. Vikhrev, 8$, 3$; Khanty-Mansi reg., Shapsha, secondary branch of Ob River, 14-16.07.2010, 61.09N 69.44E, K. Tomkovich, 27$, 19$; Kaliningrad reg., Khrabro-vo env., 54.88N 20.60E, 23.08.2013, K. Tomkovich, 2$; Krasnoyarsk reg., Yenisei R., 55.97N 92.74E,

31.07.2009, K. Tomkovich, 1$; Kurgan reg., Leby-azhye distr., 55.13N 66.78E, 21.07.2012, V. Soroki-na, 2$, 2$ (ISEA); Moscow reg., Yurievo, 56.006N 35.545E, 6.08.2007, A. Ozerov, 1$; Omsk reg., Omsk, Irtysh R., 54.96N 73.37E, 27.08.2007, O. Kosterin, 1$; Omsk, Krugloe L., 54.89N 73.36E, O. Kosterin, 24.07.2012, 1$, 2$; 29.06.2013, 1$; Pri-morsky reg.: Nikolsk-Ussuriysk (Ussuriysk, 43.80N 131.95E), V. Plyater-Plochtskaya, 14.08.1931, 1$ (ZIN); Khanka L., 45.06N 131.99E, 15.06-6.07.2014, N. Vikhrev, 16$, 7$; Gornye Klyuchi, Ussuri R., 45.25N 133.50E, 6-7.07.2014, N. Vikhrev, 1$; Sakha (Yakutia) reg., 70 km NEE Khandyga, Teplyi Klyuch (62.78N 136.80E), salty bank, 20.08.1974, K. Gorod-kov, 1$, 1$ (ZIN); St-Petersburg reg., Ukki (60.11N 30.30E), 14.08.1932, A. Stackelberg, 1$, 1$ (with Hennig's handwriting label L. uliginosa Fall.); Tu-men reg., Surgut (61.25N 73.45E), 25.07.1977, K. Gorodkov, 1$, 1$ (ZIN); Zabaykalsky reg.: N of Nerchinsk, Shamany (56.0N 115.8E), 30.06.1910, Kychakov, 1$ (ZIN); Ulyatuy, 51.18N 116.19E, 6.07.2012, A. Medvedev, 1$.

Distribution. With synonymy proposed below, L. uliginosa is a widespread Holarctic species. The southernmost record - 37N, the northernmost one - 67N. Synonymy. L. cotidiana. According to Snyder [1954] L. cotidiana differs from L. uliginosa as follows: L. cotidiana has t2 with a submedian av to v seta (1); shape of cercal plate [Snyder, 1954: Figs 23, 24] (2); kat-epimeron («beret») is setulose in L. cotidiana and bare in L. uliginosa [Snyder, 1954: 21] (3). The following considerations should, however, be taken into account.

(1) Submedian a-av seta on t2 does not seem to me a convincing argument that L. cotidiana is a valid species. This seta is often present on the right or left leg only (the pore from broken seta is easily visible on the yellow surface of tibia), One of my specimens has 2 a-av seta on the left tibia, several specimens have av seta on the right or left side only. Besides a-av seta may be strong or weak. In specimens from Europe and Altai (both Kazakh and Russian Altai) a-av seta on t2 is absent. In specimens from Kyrgyzstan, China, Mongolia, East Siberia, Russian Far East and North America a-av seta on t2 is usually present, though in some specimens from Mongolia, Far East and North America (L. neouliginosa sensu Snyder) it is absent. Material from West Siberia is a mixture of specimens with or without this seta.

(2) In Hennig's opinion [1960] the differences which Snyder [1954] had found in the shape of the male genitalia are not well grounded. I came to the same conclusion after examination of genitalia of specimens with or without a-av seta on t2.

(3) The presence of setulae on the katepimeron is not correlated with the presence or absence of av on t2. Some specimens from Canada have the katepim-

eron with 3-5 rather strong setulae; other Canadian specimens and some specimens from Mongolia and W. Siberia have 1-2 weak setulae. In vast majority of specimens the katepimeron is bare. It seems that the katepimeron is more often haired in specimens from cold regions. It is remarkable that even the typical hairs on the meron sometimes are entirely absent (2 males from Russia, Primorsky reg.). Presence of a-av seta on t2 has a distinct trend to be more frequent in the E Palaearctic and N America. It is possible to regard such specimens with a-av seta on t2 as subspecies L. uliginosa cotidiana, but I believe that assuming L. uliginosa as a variable Holarctic species describes the situation more appropriately. Thus, in my opinion L. uliginosa Fallen, 1825 = Lispe cotidiana Snyder, 1954 syn. nov. L. neouliginosa. Taking into account the high variability of L. uliginosa, especially in the leg chaeto-taxy I regard the validity L. neouliginosa as totally groundless. According to Snyder [1954], these species can be identified as follows: $: t1 with distinct av to v seta at apex. $: f3 without distinct preapical av. ...L. uliginosa $: t1 without distinct av to v seta at apex. $: f3 with distinct preapical av. ...L. neouliginosa Some of the Palaearctic specimens from various localities run to L. neouliginosa. The drawing [Snyder, 1954: Fig. 22] shows male cerci ofL. neouliginosa somewhat wider than that of L. uliginosa, but of the same shape. At some angles of view, the cerci of L. uliginosa may look identical under. So, L. uliginosa Fallen, 1825 = Lispe neouliginosa Snyder, 1954 syn. nov.

Identification key for Palaearctic fauna of the

Lispe uliginosa group, $$

1. t3 with several additional ad setae of various length. t1 with d seta in apical 1/3. $: Cercal plates with rounded apex (col. pl. II: 36). $: f3 with 1-2 av in basal 1/3 and 1(2) near middle____uliginosa Fallen

- t3 with single submedian ad setae. t1 without d seta. $: cercal plates with pointed apex. $: f3 at most with 1 av near middle.........................2

2. $: f3 without strong ventral setae, only weak av and pv at apex and some fine setulae may present near base. Fore tarsus remarkably modified: tar1-5 to tar1-2 shortened and broadened; tar1-5 to tar1-3 black, tar1-4 bicolour, tar1-1 yellow. Cercal plates - col. pl. II: 34. $: f3 without submedian av. Palaearctic from W Europe to E Siberia ...............................melaleuca Loew

- $: f3 in basal 2/3 with av and pv rows of 6-7 strong setae. Fore tarsus slightly modified: tar1-2 to tar1-5 less shortened and broadened than in L. melaleuca; tar1-1 to tar1-3 dark dorsally and yellowish ven-trally, tar1-4 and tar1-5 entirely dark. Cercal plates - col. pl. II: 35. $: f3 with 1 submedian av. Far

East

septentrionalis Xue & Zhang

long v at base

serotina Wulp

11.2 North American fauna of the Lispe uliginosa group

Lispe albitarsis Stein, 1898 Material examined:

Syntypes 8$, 9$: USA: Georgia, Tifton, collector Hough: 3.09.1896, 1$, 1$; 4.09.1896, 1$, 2$; 6.09.1896, 2$; 1.10.1896, 1$; 2.10.1896, 2$; 5.10.1896, 3$; Illinois, Algonquin, 11.08.1896, Na-son, 1$; Massachusetts: New Bedford, 30.08.1896, Hough, 2$; Horse Neck Beach, 5.08.1896, Hough, 1$ (all ZMHU).

Canada: New Brunswick, Kouchibouguac NP (46.8N 65.0W), D.B. Lyons, 8.08.1978, 1$; Ontario, (Thousand Islands) NP, St. Lawrence (44.35N 76.00W), H.J. Teskey, 13.07.1975, 1$. USA: Florida, Everglades NP, Mahogany Hammock (25.2N 80.8W), H.G. Chillcott, 2.12.1961, 1$, 1$; Wisconsin, Dane County (43.1N 89.4W), 24.07.1936, F. Snyder, 1$.

Lispe antennata Aldrich, 1913 Col. pl. II: 38 No material examined.

Lispe latana Snyder, 1949

No material examined. See «Remarks» to L. levis.

Lispe levis Stein, 1911

Paralectotype $: Chile, Arica (18.5S 70.3W), 4.11.1902, Schnuse, 1$ (ZMHU). Descriptive notes on paralectotype. Palpi yellow. dc 2+3, all strong;prst ac in 4 rows. Meron with 5-6 hairs above hind coxa. Femora dark; knees and tibiae yellow; tarsi dark except for yellowish tar1-1 to tar1-3. t1 with 1 ad and 1 p below middle. f2 with a complete row of av (sparser and longer in basal half, denser and shorter in apical half) and with several dense short spine-like pv setae in basal half. t2 with 1 ad and 1 pd. f3 with 4-5 strong av in basal 1/2 and 4-5 strong pv in basal 2/3. t3 with 1 av and 3 ad in basal half (the lower

- the strongest, the upper - the weakest). Abdomen grey dusted with pairs of dark spots on tergites 3 to 5. Remarks. According to Snyder [1949] L. latana differs from L. levis and L. lisarba by 2+4 (instead of 2+3) dc of which only 2 posterior pairs are strong. L. lisarba differs from L. levis only by weaker anterior post dc seta and by entirely yellowish pedicel (partly so in L. levis). In my opinion the validity of these Snyder's species requires confirmation. L. levis (as well as L. latana and L. lisarba) differs from other S American species of the L. uliginosa group as follows:

- Meron setulose above hind coxa. $: f3 with 4-5 av and 4-5 pv in basal half...............levis Stein

- Meron bare. $: f3 1 long av in basal 1/3 and 1 very

Lispe lisarba Snyder, 1949

No material examined. See «Remarks» to L. levis.

Lispe mexicana sp. nov.

Col. pl. II: 37

Holotype, $: Mexico, San Angelo (Federal distr., 19.345N 99.192W, 2300 m asl), 4.07.1927, B. Anti-povich (ZIN).

Paratypes 2$, 3$: same label as the holotype, 1$, 1$; Mexico, D. F. (Federal distr., 19.42N 99.15W, 2230 m asl), B. Antipovich, 5.05.1927, 1$, 1$; 4.07.1927, 1$ (ZIN).

Description. Male, body length 6.0-6.5 mm. Head. Frons dark; fronto-orbital plates and frontal triangle dirty-yellowish; face, parafacials and cheeks whitish dusted, occiput grey. Fronto-orbital plates with 4 inclinate, 2 reclinate setae and an outer row of setulae. Parafacials with 1-2 irregular rows of hairs. Antennae black, but apex of pedicel yellow. Longest aristal hairs 1.5-2x as long as width of antenna. Palpi narrow, yellow with thin white dusting. Thorax. Scutum and pleura densely brownish-grey dusted, scutum with 3 narrow brownish vittae, median and a pair of submedian along dc rows. Chae-totaxy: dc 2+3, all strong; katepisternals 1:1:1, with sparse hairs; anepimeron with 5-7 setulae; meron with 2-3 hairs above hind coxa and 4-5 hairs below posterior spiracle; katepimeron bare. Wings hyaline, calypters yellow-white, halter yellow-brown. Legs with tibiae yellow, femora and tarsi dark (but ventral surface of fore tarsus more or less yellow in basal segments). t1 below middle with 1 pv and 1 d. f2: in basal part with a row of short a setae, the last seta before middle long and strong, 3 av, 4 pv; at apex 2 pd. t2 below middle with 1 ad, 1 pd and 1 av. f3 in basal 2/3 with 4-5 long av and 3-4 short pv; near apex 1 av. t3 with 1 long ad below middle, 1 short ad below and 3 longer ad above the strongest one; 1 av in apical 1/3; pd surface without elongated setae. Abdomen densely dirty-grey dusted with large paired dark spots on tergites. Cercal plate as on col. pl. II: 37. Female differs as follows: f2 without av and pv setae. f3 in basal 2/3 with 2-3 av, without pv. Abdomen wider and more flattened.

Diagnosis. Hennig [1960: 429] also examined this series of specimens from Mexico City in ZIN and found it undistinguishable from L. cotidiana except for absence of elongated pd setae on t3. I had not found other difference in chaetotaxy too. However, male genitalia are strikingly different (col. pl. II: 36, 37). Short and wide cercal plate of L. mexicana sp. nov. resembles that of L. antennata [Snyder, 1954: 11, fig. 28], but L. antennata differs by yellow(ish) tarsi and the presence of av on t2 was never reported in L. an-tennata or related L. nudifacies.

Etymology. Named after the country and city where the type series was collected.

Lispe nasoni Stein, 1898 Material examined:

Syntypes 2$, 2$: (USA), Illinois, Algonquin (42.165N 88.295W), W.A. Nason, 15.06.1895, 2$ and 20.06.1895, 2$ (ZMHU). Canada, Manitoba, Morris (49.35N 97.36W), 5.08.1953, A.R. Brooks, 1$. Mexico, Chiapas state, Chiapa de Corzo (16.70N 93.01W), 9.11.2010, A. Grzywacz, 2$; Sonora state, Ciudad Obregon (27.5N 109.9W), 16.05.1961, How-den & Martin, 1$.

USA: Texas, Davis Mts State Park (30.6N 103.9W),

19-20.07.1973, E. Lindquist, 1$; Wisconsin, Dane Country (43.1N 89.4W), 31.07-2.08.1935, F. Snyder, 2$, 1$ (ZMHU).

Lispe nudifacies Snyder, 1954 Material examined:

Canada, Ontario, (Thousand Islands) NP, St. Lawrence (44.35N 76.00W), Raid, 7.07.1976, 1$, A. Carter, 7.07.1976, 1$; One Sided Lake (49.06N 93.89W), Kelton & Whiyney, 16-17.06.1960, 1$.

Lispe polita Coquillett, 1904 Material examined:

USA, Colorado, Doolittle ranch, Mt Evans (~ 39.5N 105.5W), 9.08.1961, W.R.M. Mason, 1$, 1$.

Lispe serotina Wulp, 1896 Lispe edwardsi Malloch, 1934 Material examined:

Argentina: Corrientes prov., Andino, 32.674S 60.865W, 12-18.12.2013, K. Tomkovich, 1$, 7$; Misiones prov., Puerto Libertad env., 25.908S 54.551W, 2-5. 01.2013, K. Tomkovich, 4$, 4$; Santa Fe prov., Riachualo, Pexoa R., 27.56S 58.723W,

20-25.12.2013, K. Tomkovich, 4$, 1$.

Brazil, Rio de Janeiro st., Gavea (22.99S 43.24W), 18.03.1937, S. Souza Lopes, 1$, 1$ (ZMHU).

Identification key for N American fauna of the

Lispe uliginosa group, $$

1. Meron bare. Body length 4-5.5 mm. $: f3 in basal 1/3 with 1(2) av and 1 remarkably long (2.5-3x as long as femur width) v seta....................2

- Meron setulose. Body length more than 5.5 mm. $: f3 in basal part with 4-5 av and pv, without remarkably long v at base............................3

2. f2 with strong and long (1.5x as long as femur width) av seta slightly apical the level of subme-dian a seta. $: Fore tarsus modified: tar1-1 to tar1-3 elongated, narrow, yellow (tar1-1 darkened at base); tar1-4 and tar1-5 shortened, wide, black. $: f3 in basal 1/3 with 1 av..........albitarsis Stein

- f2 without av seta as above. $: Fore tarsus unmodi-

fied, entirely dark. $: f3 with 1 av in middle and with 1 v at base...................serotina Wulp

3. Entirely black species, legs and abdomen glossy black, scutum only with thin brown dusting. Pul-villi elongated, fore pulvilli longer than half length of tar1-5 ($) or longer than length of tar1-5 ($). (t2 with 1 av.).................polita Coquillett

- Densely grey dusted species with paired marks on abdomen. At least tibiae yellow. Pulvilli shorter .. .............................................4

4. dc 2+4, two anterior pairs of post dc weak. $: Cer-

cal plate - [Snyder, 1954: 11, fig. 29]...........

...................................nasoni Stein

- dc 2+3, all strong. $: Cercal plate different......5

5. Dorsal and lateral surface of tarsi yellow(ish) on at least the basal three segments. t2 without av.....6

- Dorsal and lateral surface of tarsi dark. t2 usually with av......................................7

6. $: Parafacials setulose along their entire length. Cercal plate - col. pl. III: 38____antennata Aldrich

- $: Middle of parafacials bare. Cercal plate, see Snyder [1954: 11, fig. 27]......nudifacies Snyder

7. $: t3 without elongate pd setulae. Cercal plate -col. pl. II: 37. Mexico........mexicana sp. nov.

- $: t3 with elongate pd setulae. Cercal plate - col. pl. II: 36. USA and Canada......uliginosa Fallen

12. World fauna of the Lispe nicobarensis species-group

Notes on the L. nicobarensis group.

I offer to place Lispe aceponti sp. nov., Lispe flaveola sp. nov., Lispe nicobarensis Schiner, 1868, Lispe ni-grimana Malloch, 1925, and Lispe sydneyensis Schiner, 1868 into the here proposed Lispe nicobarensis species-group. L. nicobarensis group is distributed in Australia and tropical Asia. Species of the L. nicobarensis group are easily recognizable: small flies with long legs; setae on thorax and legs reduced; male legs intricately modified. L. nicobarensis group seems to have 2 apomorphic characters: vibrissae inserted on half distance between mouth margin and tip of antenna (1); sternite 4 enlarged and merged with tergite 4 in syntergosternite, sternite 4 posterodorsally with a skewed process on the right side, sternite 5 reduced (possibly the skewed process on syntergosternite 4 is the rest of sternite 5) (2).

Species of the L. nicobarensis group have similar ecology: they are typical on boulders of small forest streams, but also may be found on boulders and silt near ponds or pools. These flies distinctly avoid direct sunshine. According to my observations, they mostly feed on invertebrate carrion like drown ants or spiders (col. pl. III: 42). L. sydneyensis is rather deviated ecologically, it prefers shores of large basins, especially artificial reservoirs, also lakes and big rivers.

Lispe aceponti sp. nov. Col. pl. III: 45, 47

Holotype, $: Sri Lanka, Marawila env., 7.440N 79.816E, 26-31.12.2012, N. Vikhrev. Paratypes 17$, 12$:

India: Goa state: Calangut (15.54N 73.77E), 27.01.2008, N. Vikhrev, 1$, 1$; (Margao env.), 15.124N 74.003E, 19.02-4.03.2009, K. Tomkov-ich, 1$, 1$; Gujarat state, Junagadh env., 21.517N 70.455E, 20-30.10.2012, K. Tomkovich, 10$, 3$; Orissa state, Daspalla env., 20.38N 84.77E, 1725.01.2014, K. Tomkovich, 1$, 4$; Rajasthan state, Sawai Madhopur env., 26.02N 76.38E, 25.02.2011, N. Vikhrev, 1$, 1$.

Sri Lanka: Negombo, 7.23N 79.84E, 16-18.12.2012, N. Vikhrev, 1$; Marawila env., 7.440N 79.816E, 26-31.12.2012, N. Vikhrev, 1$, 1$; Pinnawala env., 7.28N 80.39E, 19-21.12.2012, N. Vikhrev, 2$. Description. Male, body length 4.2-4.7 mm. Head. Fronto-orbital plates black in upper 2/3, silvery dusted in lower 1/3, with 2 inclinate and 1 reclinate setae, all weak and short. Interfrontalia black, frontal triangle glossy black. Face, parafacials and genae golden-yellow to whitish-grey dusted. Occiput glossy in upper 1/3, dirty-yellow dusted in lower 2/3; almost bare except for postocular row and a pair of vertical rows of strong spinulose setulae. Antennae black, about as long as half distance from lunula to mouth margin; arista plumose in basal half, the longest hairs about as long as antenna width. Vibrissae distinct but short; inserted at half distance between mouth margin and tip of antenna. Palpi yellow, moderately widened. Proboscis glossy black. Thorax. Scutum and scutellum evenly glossy black with trace of yellow dusting only on notopleura and postpronotal calli. Pleura densely and evenly grey dusted. Thoracic setae reduced: 2 notopleurals; 1 post intraalar; 1 post supraalar; 1 weak postalar; 0+1 dc, a single pair is medium strong. Scutellum with 2 pairs of setae. Pleura bare, almost without ground setulae; anepisternum with 1 strong and several weak setae; katepisternals 1:1:1, but only the posterior seta is strong; anepimeron with 3-4 hairs; meron and kat-epimeron bare. Wing hyaline, slightly brownish, vein M straight, calypters and halteres yellow. Legs black, but trochanters and bases of posterior tibia yellow. t1 without setae, flattened laterally. Fore tarsus not modified. f2 elongated; with sparse and short ground hairs and short preapical pd seta only. t2 elongated; with 1 short median p. Mid tarsus modified: tar2-1 with a row of curved ventral setulae, the most apical one the strongest and spine-like; more apical tar2-1 with short, straight spine with blunted apex; tar2-2 and tar2-3 with curved ventral setula each. f3 curved; with 4 long (3-4x as long as femur width) v-av setae in basal half. t3 curved, with 1 median ad

and a sparse row of fine pv setulae (about as long as tibia width). Hind tarsus not elongated, about as long as t3; tar3-1 about half as long as t3, with slightly elongated setulae on av surface. Abdomen black, with a pair of white lateral spots on tergite 4. Sternite 4 enlarged and merged with tergite 4 into a syntergosternite; sternite 4 posterodorsally with a skewed process on the right side. Sternite 5 reduced (possibly the skewed process on syntergosternite 4 is the rest of sternite 5). Tergite 7 without row of curved setae (in contrast to L. nicobarensis). Male cercal plate - col. pl. III: 46, similar to that of L. nicobarensis. Female differs from male as follows: body length 5.3-5.8 mm; mid tarsus and hind leg unmodified. Diagnosis. The differences between L. aceponti sp. nov. and widespread L. nicobarensis are given in the identification key below. Otherwise these species are very similar including the same shape of the cercal plate (it is not surprisingly as the shape of the cercal plate of L. sydneyensis and L. nigrimana is also identical). No males with intermediate characters were found among rich material examined. I had not found difference between L. aceponti sp. nov. and L. nico-barensis in female sex, however I decided to include females of L. aceponti sp. nov. in the type series because male specimens from any Indian localities are either L. aceponti sp. nov. or L. nicobarensis. I suspect that L. aceponti sp. nov. are distributed further west to Pakistan and Iran, but material from these countries is not available.

Etymology. The species is named in honour of an outstanding dipterologist Adrian Charles Pont, UK, Oxford.

Lispe flaveola sp. nov. Col. pl. III: 43

Holotype: male, Australia, Qld, Pentland env., forest creek, 20.52S 145.40E, 1.02.2013, N. Vikhrev. Paratypes 2$, 3$: Australia, Qld: Reid R., 19.758S 146.834E, 31.01.2013, N. Vikhrev, 1$; Pentland env., forest creek, 20.52S 145.40E, 1.02.2013, N. Vikhrev, 1$, 2$; NT, Tennant Creek, 19.561S 134.225E, 5.02.2013, N. Vikhrev, 1$. Description. Male, body length 5.0-5.5 mm. Head. Fronto-orbital plates black in upper 2/3, yellow dusted in lower 1/3, with 2 inclinate and 1 reclinate setae, all weak and short. Interfrontalia black, frontal triangle glossy black. Face, parafacials and genae densely golden-yellow dusted. Occiput glossy in upper 1/3, dirty-yellow dusted in lower 2/3; almost bare except for postocular row and a pair of vertical rows of strong spinulose setulae. Antennae short, shorter that half distance from lunula to mouth margin; pedicel and base of postpedicel yellow, apical 2/3 of post-pedicel dark; arista plumose in basal half, the longest hairs about as long as antenna width. Vibrissae distinct but short; inserted on half distance between

mouth margin and tip of antenna. Palpi yellow, moderately widened. Proboscis glossy black. Thorax. Scutum and scutellum evenly glossy black with trace of yellow dusting only on notopleura and postpronotal calli. Pleura densely and evenly yellow dusted. Thoracic setae remarkably reduced: 2 noto-pleurals; 1 post intraalar; 1 post supraalar; 1 weak postalar; 0+1 dc, a single pair is weak. Scutellum with 2 pairs of setae. Pleura bare, almost without ground setulae; anepisternum with only 1 seta; kat-episternals 0:2 or 0:1 (lower katepisternal reduced to a fine setula distinct only due to absence of ground setulae); anepimeron with 3-4 hairs; meron and kat-epimeron bare. Wing hyaline, slightly brownish, vein M straight, calypters and halteres yellow. Legs remarkably long; yellow, but t1 and fore and hind tarsi black. t1 without setae, flattened laterally. Fore tarsus not modified. f2 elongated; with sparse and short ground hairs and short preapical pd seta only. t2 elongated; with 1 median p and slightly elongated pd setulae in apical half. Mid tarsus modified: tar2-1 triangulary widened at apex, tar2-1 on ventral surface with a row of 5-6 fine long setulae and with a row of 7-8 short spinules; tar2-2 and tar2-3 slightly widened at apex, each with short blunt ventral spines at base. f3 with a sparse row of 4 fine,1.5x as long as femur width v setulae in basal half. t3 without setae, with elongated setulae on v surface. Hind tarsus modified, shortened, hardly half as long as t3 length; tar3-1 with a row of 4-5 long fine av setulae, with short dense hairs on ventral surface and with a pair of d setae at apex.

Abdomen yellow with large brown trapezoid marks on tergites 3 to 5 and brown antero-lateral stripes on tergite 5. Sternite 4 enlarged and merged with tergite 4 in a ring. Male genitalia not examined. Female differs from male as follows: body length 5.5-6 mm; mid tarsus and hind leg unmodified. Diagnosis. An unmistakable species, see col. pl. III: 43 and identification key below. Etymology. The name refers to the yellow body colour unusual in the genus Lispe.

Lispe nicobarensis Schiner, 1868 Col. pl. III: 42

Type locality: India, Andaman andNicobar Islands, Tillangchong (8.48N 93.63E). Lispe binotata Becker, 1914. Type locality: Taiwan. Lispe albimacula Malloch, 1923. Type locality: Australia, QLD, Babinda (17.34S 145.92E). Material examined:

Syntypes L. binotata, 3$, 4$: (Taiwan): Tainan, 05.1912, 1$; Kankau, 11.1912, 1$, 3$; Kosernpo, 05.1912, 1$; Pilam, 08.1912, 1$ (ZMHU). India: Orissa state, Puri env., 19.82N 85.85E, 1114.01.2014, K. Tomkovich, 1$, 1$; Uttarakhand state, Rishikesh env., Chilla, 29.976N 78.209E, 14-

16.04.2013, K. Tomkovich, 13, 3$. Other material examined: about 170 3 and $ from: Australia, QLD; Burma (Maynmar), Shan state; Cambodia: Kampot, Kep and Koh Kong provinces; Indonesia: Bali, Nusa Tenggara Barat and Papua provinces;

Malaysia: Pahang, Sabah and Selangor states; Thailand: Chantaburi, Chiang Mai, Chonburi, Kanchana-buri, Mae Hong Son, Nakhon Ratchasima, Phang Nga, Phuket, Surat Thani, Trat provinces; Vietnam, Lao Cai province.

Distribution. Widespread from N Australia to E India.

Lispe nigrimana Malloch, 1923 Col. pl. III: 44

Type locality: Australia, QLD, Burnett R. (^ 25S 152E).

Australia: QLD: Proserpine env, 20.4S 148.6E, 2930.01.2013, N. Vikhrev, 83, 6$; Reid R., 19.758S 146.834E, 31.01.2013, N. Vikhrev, 1$; Pentland env., forest creek, 20.52S 145.40E, 1.02.2013, N. Vikhrev, 113, 5$; Camoweal, 19.92S 138.11E, 5.02.2013, N. Vikhrev, 13.

NT: Mac Donnell NP, Glen Helen [resort], 23.68S 132.67E, 13.10.2002, D. Werner, 13, 2$ (ZMHU); Tennant Creek, 19.561S 134.225E, 5.02.2013, N. Vikhrev, 43, 2$; NSW, Jindabyne L., 900 m asl, 36.41S 148.60E, 16.02.2013, N. Vikhrev, 13. Distribution. Australia, mostly dry regions in the northern half of the continent.

Lispe sydneyensis Schiner, 1868 Col. pl. III: 46

Type locality: Australia, NSW, Sydney. Lispe atrifrontata Malloch, 1922. Type locality: Australia, S Queensland.

Australia: QLD: Monduran L., 24.868S 151.849E, 24.01.2013, N. Vikhrev, 23, 2$; Proserpine env., 20.4S 148.6E, 29-30.01.2013, N. Vikhrev, 13; NSW: Jindabyne L., 900 m asl, 36.41S 148.60E, 16.02.2013, N. Vikhrev, 133, 11$; Bombala env, 36.9S 149.2E, 1416.02.2013, N. Vikhrev, 63, 2$; VIC: Narrawong env., 38.26S 141.70E, 12-13.02.2013, N. Vikhrev, 13; half dry river, 37.112S 142.187E, 11.02.2013, N. Vikhrev, 63, 5$: SA, Morgan env., Murray R, 34.03S 139.73E, 10.02.2013, N. Vikhrev, 53, 1$; ACT, Canberra, 35.284S 149.107E, 20.02.2013, N. Vikhrev, 93, 4$. Distribution. Australia, mostly eastern and southern regions.

Identification key for the World fauna of the

Lispe nicobarensis group, 3$

1. Pleura, femora, tibiae and abdomen light yellow (col. pl. III: 43). t3 without ad. Anterior katepisternal seta absent.................flaveola sp. nov.

- At most apical half of femora and tibiae dark yel-

low. t3 with ad. Anterior katepisternal seta present .............................................2

2. Posterior femora yellow in apical halves, posterior tibiae entirely yellow (col. pl. III: 44). $: tar2-1 with a complete row of 13-15 v setulae; f3 with 3-4 long (3-4x as long as femur width) v setae in 2nd quarter and with a dense row ofpv setulae in apical half; t3 in middle third with a row of 10 long, fine pv and with elongated ad setulae in basal half; tar3-1 laterally curved, on a surface in basal 1/3 with long dense setulae, in apical 1/3 with shorter setu-lae, v surface covered with dense hairs; tar3-2 with elongated a setulae..........nigrimana Malloch

- Posterior femora and tibiae entirely black (col. pl. III: 42, 45). $: leg chaetotaxy different.........3

3. Mid and fore trochanters densely grey dusted, con-colour with femora. Tergite 3 with lateral spots. Postpronotal seta weak. Australia (mostly S Australia). $: tar1-4 and tar1-5 shortened and widened; mid tarsus unmodified; f3 in basal half with a tuft of 9-11 close-set long backcurved v setae. Cercal plate as in col. pl. III: 46..........sydneyensis Schiner

- Mid and fore trochanters yellow, contrasting to densely grey dusted femora. Tergite 3 without lateral spots. Postpronotal seta stronger. From W India to N Australia. $: fore tarsus unmodified; tar2-1 with 2 strong v setae in apical 1/3; f3 in basal half with a sparse row of 3-4 long backcurved v setae. Cercal plate as in col. pl. III: 47................4

4. $: f3 on v surface, apart from 3 long backcurved setae, covered with a complete row of erect hairs. t3 in middle with several pv setulae 2-2.5x as long as tibia width. Hind tarsus more than 1.5x longer than t3, tar3-1 almost as long as t3. tar3-2 with hairs on a surface 2-3x longer that tarsus width. Apex of abdomen (tergite 7) with a row of long downcurved marginal setae.............nicobarensis Schiner

- $: f3 on v surface with 4 long backcurved setae, without a row of erect hairs. t3 on pv surface covered with uniform setulae hardly longer than tibia width. Hind tarsus hardly longer than t3, tar3-1 two times shorter than t3. tar3-2 with hairs on a surface hardly longer that tarsus width. Tergite 7 without remarkable setae..............aceponti sp. nov.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I thank Joachim Ziegler and Jenny Polh (Berlin), Olga Ovchinnikova, Galina Suleymanova and Lud-mila Kuznetsova (St. Petersburg), David Yeates and Chris Manchester (Canberra), Christophe Daugeron and Emmanuel Delfosse (Paris), Owen Lonsdale and James O'Hara (Ottawa), Jere Kahanpaa (Helsinki), Anatoly Barkalov (Novosibirsk) for the very important material from ZMHU, ZIN, ANIC, CNC, ZMUH and ISEA respectively.

I want to express my special thanks to Oleg Kosterin

(Novosibirsk) who helped me in many ways. I thank Adrian Pont (Oxford), Vera Sorokina (Novosibirsk) and Oksa-

na Eremenko (Kharkov) for their advices and corrections.

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