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12© Амурский зоологический журнал. VIII(3), 2016.171-185 © Amurian zo ological journal. VIII(3), 2016.171-185
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TAXONOMIC NOTES ON LISPE (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE), PART 13
N.E. Vikhrev
ЗАМЕТКИ ПО ТАКСОНОМИИ РОДА LISPE (DIPTERA, MUSCIDAE), РАЗДЕЛ 13
Н.Е. Вихрев
Zoological Museum of Moscow University, Bolshaya Nikitskaya 2, Moscow 125009, Russia, E-mail: [email protected] Key words: Lispe pygmaea, world fauna, new species
Summary. The world fauna of the Lispe pygmaea ecological group is revised. Two new species L. setigena Vikhrev & Pont, sp. nov. and L. pygmoza Vikhrev & Pont, sp. nov. are described. Four new synonymies are proposed: L. pygmaea Fallen, 1825 = L. argenteifacies Grimshaw, 1901, syn. nov. = L. ponti Hardy, 1981, syn. nov. = L. aureola Shinonaga, 2014, syn. nov. = L. japonica Shinonaga, 2014, syn. nov. Original identification key for the considered species is given.
Зоологический музей, Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова, Большая Никитская ул., 2, Москва 125009, Россия. E-mail: [email protected]
Ключевые слова: Lispe pygmaea, мировая фауна, новые виды
Резюме. Ревизована мировая фауна экологической группы Lispe pygmaea. Описано 2 новых вида: L. setigena Vikhrev & Pont, sp. nov. and L. pygmoza Vikhrev & Pont, sp. nov. Предложено 4 новых синонима: L. pygmaea Fallen, 1825 = L. argenteifacies Grimshaw, 1901, syn. nov. = L. ponti Hardy, 1981, syn. nov. = L. aureola Shinonaga, 2014, syn. nov. = L. japonica Shinonaga, 2014, syn. nov. Дан оригинальный определительный ключ для рассмотренных видов.
INTRODUCTION
In my previous papers on Lispe [Vikhrev, 2012a, 2012b, 2012c, 2014, 2015] a substantial part of the world fauna was considered. The present paper covers 5 species complexes: L. ambigua species complex with: L. ambigua Stein, 1913; L. biseta Stein, 1913 and L. surda Curran, 1937; L. dichaeta species complex with: L. dichaeta Stein, 1913; L. madagascariensis Zielke, 1972; L. stuckenbergi Zielke, 1970 (and the identity of L. leucosticta Stein, 1918 and L. miochaeta Speiser, 1910 is discussed); L. geniseta species complex with: L. geniseta Stein, 1909; L. macfiei Emden, 1941 and L. setigena Vikhrev & Pont sp. nov.; L. pumila species complex with: L. pumila Wiedemann, 1824 and L. angustipalpis Stein, 1920;
L. pygmaea species complex with: L. pygmaea Fallen, 1825; L. bipunctata Seguy, 1938; L. keiseri Zielke, 1972; L. pygmoza Vikhrev & Pont sp. nov.; L setu-
ligera Stein, 1911 and L. vilis Stein, 1911.
In [Vikhrev, 2012a] I proposed the Lispe pygmaea group for 3 species: L. pygmaea, L. pumila and L. angustipalpis and initially I intended to treat the above listed species as a part of the L. pygmaea group, but legs and thoracic chaetotaxy of these species are essentially different, so the monophyly of such group seems to me doubtful and should be confirmed or rejected by future genetical analysis. I think that 5 species complexes offered here would be a better approximation. I believe that there is close relationship between species inside each of the offered complexes except for the L. pygmaea species complex which in my opinion is most probably a polyphyletic one. Nevertheless I prefer to consider the listed species together in the same paper. In the first instance all these species share their ecology: they may be only rarely observed on the ground, but live mostly on grass and are usually collected by sweeping from low grass growing under water or on wet soil. Morphologically they share only several secondary characters
of minor importance: densely grey dusted body; narrow palpi; lower parafacial with elongated hairs or even a strong seta; vibrissa strong in both sexes; vein M straight; male tarsomeres not modified. Under the circumstances I would suggest to call the considered species the L. pygmaea ecological group. Outwardly the species of the L. pygmaea ecological group mostly resemble L. uliginosa Fallen, 1825.
Two new species of Lispe are described in present paper. These descriptions are based in part on the material personally collected in Australia by the author and in part on the ANIC material examined by Adrian C. Pont. Dr. Pont and I have had a fruitful discussion on the taxonomy of newly described species, so their description under both our names seems to us the only natural solution.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The majority of the specimens studied are in the Zoological Museum of Moscow University, Russia (ZMUM), which is not otherwise indicated in text. Other collections are abbreviated as follows:
ANIC - Australian National Insect Collection,
Canberra, Australia; BFU - Museum of Beijing Forestry University,
Beijing, China; BMNH - Natural History Museum, London, UK; MNHN - Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle,
Paris, France; ZIN - Zoological Institute, St-Petersburg, Russia; ZMHU - Museum fur Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany.
Localities (where possible) are given in the following form: country, region, geographical coordinates, the later are given in the Decimal Degrees format. Information which is not present on an original label is provided in brackets. Countries and regions are listed in the alphabetical order.
The following abbreviations for morphological structures are used: f1, t1, f2, t2, f3, t3 = fore-, mid-, hind- femur or tibia; ac = acrostichal setae; dc = dorsocentral setae; a, p, d, v = anterior, posterior, dorsal, ventral seta(e); prst - presutural, post - postsutural.
The abbreviation for the tarsi as tar followed by a pair of digits separated by a hyphen was proposed by Vikhrev [2011]: the first digit (1 to 3) gives the leg number and the second digit (1 to 5) the number of the tarsal segment. For example, tar1-4 = 4-th segment of fore tarsus; tar3-1 = basal tarsomere of hind leg.
Illustrations are original unless otherwise indicated.
Synonymies are listed only if discussed or otherwise used in the text. For full lists of synonyms see regional Diptera Catalogues by Pont [1980], Pont [1986], Pont [2012].
Lispe ambigua species complex Notes on L. ambigua species complex
The L. ambigua species complex includes 3 species distributed in highlands of tropical Africa (excluding Madagascar). The L. ambigua species complex is characterized as follows: 2+2 strong dc; t1 without median setae; t2 with or without ad and with 1 pd; t3 with 1 ad; lower parafacials without strong seta; pulvilli small.
Lispe ambigua Stein, 1913 Fig. 1: 2, 5
Type locality: Diredaua (=Ethiopia, Dire Dawa). Material examined: Syntype $: Abyssinia Dire-Daua [Ethiopia, Diredawa], 19.XI.1911, Kovacs (ZMHU). Topotype: 1S with the same label as the syntype (ZMHU). Initially the type series of L. ambigua consisted of 1S and 4$. Pont & Werner [2006] had not included the male from ZMHU in syntypes "since Paterson [1953: 178] saw the types from MNM (Magyar Nemzeti Muzeum, Budapest, Hungary) and included both sexes in his key, the single S syntype must have been in MNM (and therefore destroyed in 1956)". I am not fully convinced of their reasons, but I agree that in such a case as the identity of the type material an additional care makes no harm. As a compromise solution I indicated here the male specimen as the topotype. Ethiopia, Oromia: Bale Mt.: 3370 m asl, 7.088N 39.671E, 17.03.2012, N. Vikhrev, 10S, 8$; 3060 m asl, 7.12N 39.72E, 17.03.2012, N. Vikhrev, 17S, 10$; 2660 m asl, 7.025N 39.980E, 18.03.2012, N. Vikhrev, 1S, 1$; 3070 m asl, 6.933N 39.951E, 19.03.2012, N. Vikhrev, 1S, 1$.
/ж
Н.Е. Вихрев
173
Fig.1. L. ambigua species complex, 1-5: L. biseta, $ general view and enlarged sternite 4 with anteriorly directed projection (1); L. ambigua, $ genitalia (2); L. biseta, $ genitalia (3); L. surda, cercal plate, drawing by Paterson (4); L. ambigua, cercal plate, drawing by Paterson (5). L. dichaeta species complex, 6-11: $ L. madagascariensis: Holotype (6); head, anterior view (7); cercal plate frontal and lateral (8); $ L. dichaeta: head, anterior view (9); cercal plate frontal (10); $ L. stuckenbergi, cercal plate frontal (11)
Рис.1. Комплекс видов L. ambigua, S, 1-5: L. biseta, стернит 4 с передним выростом виден на общем фото, а также показан отдельно (1); 2-5, церки: L. ambigua (2); L. ambigua, рис. по Paterson [1953] (3); L. biseta (4); L. surda, рис. по Paterson [1953] (5). Комплекс видов L. dichaeta, S, 6-11: L. madagascariensis - 6-8: голотип (6), голова, вид спереди (7), церки фронтально и сбоку (8). L. dichaeta - 9-10: голова, вид спереди (9), церки (8); L. stuckenbergi, церки (11)
Kenya: Laikipia Co., Thomson Falls env., 0.05N 36.38E, 2350 m asl, 21-23.12.2013, N. Vikhrev, 2S; Nyandarua Co.: Ol Bolosat L., 2330 m
asl, 0.02N 36.40E, 24.11.2012, D. Gavryushin, 3S, 3?; Ol Bolosat L., 0.12S 36.43E, 2330 m asl, 20.12.2013, N. Vikhrev, 6S, 7?; Nyeri Co.,
Bantu Lodge, 0.114S 37.042E, 1950 m asl, 2528.12.2013, N. Vikhrev, 2S, 1$.
Distribution. Highlands (from 1950 to 3370 m asl) of Ethiopia and Kenya. Lispe biseta Stein, 1913: 543 Fig. 1: 1, 3
Type locality: Tanzania, Arusha-Ju. Material examined: Syntypes: Tanzania, Aru-
sha reg., Arusha-Ju (3.4S 36.7E, 1400 m asl), 11.1905, Katona, 1S, 1$ (ZMHU). Ethiopia: Amhara reg., Hayk L., 1920 m asl, 11.325N 39.688E, 06.08.2012, N. Vikhrev, 3S, 2$. Kenya, Nyandarua Co., Ol Bolosat L., 0.12S 36.43E, 2330 m asl, 20.12.2013, N. Vikhrev, 1S, 5$; D. Gavryushin, 1$.
Tanzania: Arusha reg., Arusha-Ju, (3.4S 36.7E, 1400 m asl), 10.1905, Katona, 2S, 2$ (ZMHU); Iringa reg., Mafinga env, 8.48S 35.15E, 1820 m asl, 11.12.2015, N. Vikhrev, 1$; Njombe reg., 40 km SE of Njombe, 1700 m asl, 9.52S 35.09E 17.12.2015, N. Vikhrev, 2S, 2$.
Distribution. Reliably known from E Africa: Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania. Other African records require verification. Lispe surda Curran, 1937 Fig. 1: 4
Type locality: South Africa, Bloemfontein (29.1S 26.2E, 1400 m asl). No material examined. Distribution. S Africa.
Remarks. Emden [1941] treated this species as a subspecies of L. ambigua. But even Curran [1937] noted that male L. surda has sternite 4 simple whereas it is modified in L. ambigua (Fig. 1: 1). Paterson [1953] reexamined the type material of both species and gave a recommendation on how to divide them. Paterson also gave drawing of cercal plates of both L. ambigua and L. surda [Paterson, 1953: 172, Figs 14, 15] (Fig. 1: 4, 5). That of L. ambigua is quite recognizable by its shape (compare with Fig. 1: 2), while that of L. surda is quite different.
Lispe dichaeta species complex
Notes on L. dichaeta species complex
L. dichaeta and related species may be easily recognized by their unusual thoracic cheatotaxy: 1+2 dc, all remarkably strong, the median pair
almost equidistant from anterior and posterior pairs. Legs chaetotaxy: t1 with 1 d and 1 pv setae; t2 with 1 ad and 1 pd; t3 with 1 av, 1 ad and 1 pd. Lower parafacial with strong seta; pulvilli not elongated. The species complex is distributed exclusively in the Afrotropical region, species are very similar to each other and can be most reliably distinguished by the shape of the male genitalia. However, during collecting trip to Tanzania I found that L. dichaeta and L. madagascarien-sis could be told apart with almost the same confidence by their ecology. To my surprise, all specimens collected in lowlands (from sea level to 650 m asl) turned out to be L. madagascarien-sis (I checked genitalia of each specimens while mounting), actually this «Madagascarian» species is rather common in Tanzania. L. dichaeta was collected in one Tanzanian locality which was at 1500 m asl (and earlier from several Kenyan and Ethiopian localities at altitudes from 1600 to 2350 m asl). In Madagascar the situation seems to be similar: examined specimens from sea level are L. madagascariensis whereas specimens from highlands (800 to 1570 m asl) are L. stuckenbergi, the Madagascarian sister-species of L. dichaeta. The presence of at least L. madagascariensis in African mainland means that all previous distributional data on the L. dichaeta species complex need to be verified. The records listed below seem to be the only reliable ones so far.
There are 2 more taxa which according to the descriptions have 1+2 strong dc and belong to the L. dichaeta species complex. L. leucosticta Stein, 1918 was described from an unknown locality in Madagascar, the holotype is in Vienna, and it could be the oldest name for L. madagascarien-sis or L. stuckenbergi. The type locality of L. mio-chaeta Speiser, 1910, is the grassland around Mt Kilimanjaro, syntypes should be in Stockholm [A. C. Pont, pers. comm.]. Presently the deforested area around Mt Kilimanjaro is at the altitude of about 1000 m asl, so L. miochaeta could be the oldest name for L. dichaeta or L. madagas-cariensis. The examination of the type material of these taxa would enable the synonymy of the L. dichaeta species complex to be finally settled.
Lispe dichaeta Stein, 1913 Fig. 1: 9, 10
Type locality: Abyssinia, Lac Dembel.
A$K
Material examined: Syntypes: (Ethiopia) Abyssinia, Lac Dembel (Zway Lake, 1640 m asl), Kovacs, I.1912, 1$, 1?; (South Africa) Durban («30S 31E, 50 m asl), F. Muir, 1902, 1$ (ZMHU). Ethiopia: Oromia reg.: Zway L., 1640 m asl, 7.91N 38.73E, 11.03.2012, N. Vikhrev, 32$, 14?; Langano L., 1590 m asl, 7.646N 38.706E, 15.03.2012, N. Vikhrev, 1$, 1?; Awasa L., 1690 m asl, 7.079N 38.478E, 17.03.2012, N. Vikhrev, 1?; Amhara reg., Hayk L., 1920 m asl, 11.325N 39.688E, 06.08.2012, N. Vikhrev, 3$, 3?. Kenya: Kiambu Co., Lumuru, 1.107S 36.631E, 2280 m asl, 15.12.2013, N. Vikhrev, 3$; Laiki-pia Co., Thomson Falls env., 0.05N 36.38E, 2350 m asl, 21-23.12.2013, N. Vikhrev, 2$; Nyanda-rua Co.: Ol Bolosat L., 2330m, 0.02N 36.40E, 24.11.2012, D. Gavryushin, 17$, 14?; Ol Bolosat L., 0.12S 36.43E, 2330 m asl, 20.12.2013, N. Vikhrev, 8$, 22?.
Tanzania, Iringa reg., Iringa env., 1550 m asl, 7.79S 35.74E, 8-10.12.2015, N. Vikhrev, 4$, 3?.
Distribution. Reliably known from: Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania and S Africa. Other African records require verification. Notes on the type series of L. dichaeta. Initially the type series of L. dichaeta consisted of 3$, 4? from Ethiopia, Zway Lake and 1$ from S. Africa, Durban, but most of the series was destroyed in 1956 in Budapest, only 1$ and 1 ? from Ethiopia and 1$ from S. Africa survived in ZMHU. The above listed large series of topotypes from Zway L. is conspecific with specimens from other Ethiopian localities and with Kenyan and Tanzanian specimens collected from altitudes of 1500 m asl and above. The male syntype from Zway L. has the cercal plate partly visible, and it fits the shape of cercal plate given in (Fig. 1: 10). It also has the postpedicel entirely dark. But the cercal plate is not visible in the male syntype from Durban, it was collected at sea level and on the opposite side of Africa. Due to the kind help by Joachim Ziegler, Jenny Polh and Christiane Lange (Berlin, Germany) I have had the opportunity to re-examine the Durban syntype and to check the structure of its genitalia. It turned to be conspecific with E African specimens. That probably means that while L. dichaeta is restricted to mountain regions near the equator it also inhabits lowlands at higher latitudes (Durban is located at 30°S).
175
Lispe madagascariensis Zielke, 1972 Fig. 1: 6, 7, 8
Type locality: Madagascar, Ambato-Boeny. Material examined: Holotype $ (Fig. 1: 6): Madagascar, (Boeny reg.), Ambato-Boeny dis-tr. (16.5S 46.7E, 20 m asl), 23.06.1958, F. Keiser (MNHN).
Central African Republic, (Lobaye reg.), La Maboke (M'Baiki env., 3.9N 18.0E, 500 m asl), L. Matile, 25.08.1970, 1$ (MNHN). Madagascar, (Sofia reg.), Analalava (distr.), Maromandia (14.20S 48.08E, 20 m asl), 1922, R. De-cary, 3$ (MNHN).
Tanzania: Lindi reg., Mitol env, 9.30S 39.41E, 27.12.2015, N. Vikhrev, 1?; Mbeya reg., Nya-sa L., Matema, 9.50S 34.01E, 15.12.2015, N. Vikhrev, 12$, 7?; Morogoro reg.: Morogoro env, lake (Mindu Dam), 6.865S 37.608E, 5.12.2015, N. Vikhrev, 1$; Mikumi village, 7.40S 36.99E, 5-7.12.2015, N. Vikhrev, 3$, 2?; Mtwara reg., Nanganga env., river, 10.40S 39.18E, 20.12.2015, N. Vikhrev, 1$, 2?; Pwani reg., Ruvu R., 6.48S 38.83E, 10.09.2012, D. Gavryushin, 1?; Ruvuma reg., Tunduru env., 10.99S 37.29E, 540 m asl, 19.12.2015, N. Vikhrev, 3$, 5?;
Distribution. So far known from Madagascar, Central African Republic and widespread in Tanzania, probably is widely distributed in African lowlands.
Redescription. Male. Head (Fig. 1: 7). Frons about 0.37 head width. Frons dark with whitish dusting; fronto-orbital plate and frontal triangle densely yellowish-white dusted. Parafacial, face and gena densely white, occiput whitish-grey. Fronto-orbital plate with 4 inclinate and 2 reclinate setae and an outer row of 10-12 hairs. Para-facial with a row of 6-7 hairs and at lower margin with stronger seta (about as long as postpedicel length). Antenna dark with apex of pedicel and base of postpedicel yellow; postpedicel falling short of mouth margin by 0.4 of its length. Aris-tal hairs 1.5-2x as long as postpedicel width. Palpus yellow-white. Vibrissa strong.
Thorax. Scutum and pleura evenly grey dusted. dc 1+2, all strong, the median pair almost equidistant from anterior and posterior pairs; ac hairs in 3-4 rows. Katepisternals 1 + 1 + 1; anepim-eron with 3 hairs; meron and katepimeron bare. Wing hyaline, calypters yellow-white.
Н.Е. Внхрев
Legs. Femora dark, grey dusted; knees, tibiae and tarsi yellow. t1 below middle with 1 d and1 pv. Mid coxa posteriorly without a set 4 closely placed short and straight spines as in L. stucken-bergi. f2 with strong median a, 2 av in basal half, 1(2) fine pv near base. t2 with 1 short p and 1 long ad below it. f3 with 3 av: in basal 1/3, median and preapical; pv surface with 2 (1-3) setae in basal 1/3. t3 with 1 av, 1 ad and 1 pd.
Abdomen grey dusted; tergites 1+2 to 5 with paired dark spots divided by not very distinct grey median vitta; tergites 4 and 5 with additional pair of ventro-lateral dark spots. Cercal plate characteristic: yellow; long, slightly curved; at apex each half with a set of 6-7 hairs; at very apex cercal plate anchor-like, backcurved (Fig. 1: 8).
Female differs from male as follows: f2 without av; f3 usually with only 1 av at apex, pv setae in basal 1/3 short.
Remarks. The holotype of L. madagascarien-sis is in MNHN in Paris (not in Basel as indicated by Zielke [1972]. It is in good condition, with anchor-shaped apex of cercal plate clearly visible (Fig. 1: 6). L. madagascariensis actually has 1+2 dc (not 2+2 dc as in the original description [Zielke, 1972]).
Lispe stuckenbergi Zielke, 1970 Fig. 1: 11
Type locality: Madagascar. The type material not examined, it should be in Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa [A.C. Pont, pers. comm.]. The given below information on the type series is modified from Zielke [1970]: Madagascar: (Analamanga reg.), Antananarivo, Tsimbazaza (park, 18.930S 47.526E, 1280 m asl), 1$, 1$; (Vakinankaratra reg.), Lac Froid de Ambatolampy (19.38S 47.43E, 1570 m asl), 12.1957, B.R.Stuckenberg, 1$, 1$; (Alaotra-Mangoro reg.), Moramanga (18.95S 48.23E, 920 m asl), 12.1957, B.R. Stuckenberg, 1$. Material examined:
Madagascar: (Alaotra-Mangoro reg.), Imeri-mandroso (17.43S 48.59E, 800 m asl), 06.1921, R. Decary, 1$; (Analamanga reg.): (Antananarivo (18.9S 47.5E, 1250 m asl), , 1916, Waterlot, 1$, 1$; (An)tananarivo (18.9S 47.5E, 1250 m asl), 1921, R. Decary, 1$ (all MNHN).
Distribution. So far known from Madagas-carian highlands only.
Lispe geniseta species complex
Notes on L. geniseta species complex
The L. geniseta species complex includes 3 very similar species distributed in tropical Asia, Africa (including Madagascar) and Australia. These species can be reliably distinguished by male genitalia and their isolated distribution on 3 different continents. The structure of genitalia always corresponds to the continent, so far no specimens with intermediate characters were recorded. The genitalia are the same for African specimens collected on African mainland and Madagascar or for Asian specimen from such remote localities as W India, Cambodia and Java. Thus, we are inclined to regard both African L. macfiei formerly synonymyzed with L. geniseta and Australian L. setigena Vikhrev & Pont sp. nov. both hitherto identified as L. geniseta, as good species.
The L. geniseta complex is characterized as follows: 2+3 dc; legs chaetotaxy: t1 with 1 median pv; t2 with 1 pd and 1 ad; t3 with 1 av, 1 ad and 1 pd; lower parafacial with strong seta; pulvilli enlarged, distinctly longer than respective last tar-someres.
Lispe geniseta Stein, 1909
Type locality: Batavia (= Indonesia, Java, Jakarta).
Fig. 2: 12, 13,15, 18
Material examined: Paralectotype S: Indonesia, Batavia (Java, Jakarta), 12.1907, E. Jocobson (ZMHU).
Cambodia, Sihanoukville prov., 20.04.2010, O. Kosterin, 1S.
China, Guandong prov., Tsisin'yan' («23N 113E), 29.11.1959, B. Rodendorf, 1$ (ZIn); India: Andhra Pradesh state, Bapatla env., 15.92N 80.47E, 19.02.2014, K. Tomkovich, 4S, 2$; Goa state, 01.2008 and 02.2009, N. Vikhrev,
8S, 8$.
Myanmar, Shan state, Inle L., 30.11.2009, 1$. Thailand: Bangkok, 31.12.2011, N. Vikhrev, 1S; Chonburi prov., Pataya env., 12.2008, N. Vikhrev, 15S, 11$; Kanchanaburi prov, Kanchanaburi, Kwai R.,14.030N 99.522E, 27-30.01.2014, N. Vikhrev, 1$; Nakhon Ratchsima prov., Khao Yai NP, 11.02.2009, A. Ozerov, 1S; Phuket prov., 21.02.2009, N. Vikhrev, 1$; Rayong prov., Ban Phe, 08.12.2008, N. Vikhrev, 1S; Trat prov., Ko Chang Isl., 14.12.2011, N. Vikhrev, 1$.
Н.Е. Вихрев
177
Fig. 2. L. geniseta species complex (S - surstylus, C - cercal plate, R - right, L - left), 12-19: L. geniseta $: general view (12), with prey (Musca sp.) (13), terminalia, view from within (15), cercal plate as viewed in a non-dissected specimen (18); L. macfiei, 14, 17: terminalia, view from within (14), cercal plate as viewed in a non-dissected specimen (17); Lispe setigena sp. nov., 16, 19: cercal plate and surstyli (16), cercal plate as viewed in a non-dissected specimen (19). L. pygmaea species complex, 20-25: $ L. keiseri, Holotype, lateral view and head (20); $ L. bipunctata, Holotype, lateral and dorsal view (21); cercal plate L. keiseri (22); cercal plate L. pygmoza sp. nov. (23); cercal plate L. pygmaea (24); cercal plate and surstyli L. setuligera (25).
Рис. 2. Комплекс видов L. geniseta (S - сурстили, C - церки, R - правый, L - левый), 12-19: L. geniseta $: общий вид (12), с добычей (Musca sp.) (13), терминалии, вид изнутри (15), церки в интактном положении на экземпляре (18); L. macfiei, 14, 17: терминалии, вид изнутри (14), церки в интактном положении на экземпляре (17); L. setigena sp. nov., 16, 19: церки и сурстили (16), церки в интактном положении на экземпляре (19). Комплекс видов L. pygmaea 20-25: $ L. keiseri, голотип, вид сбоку и голова (20); $ L. bipunctata, голотип, вид сверху и сбоку и голова (21); церки L. keiseri (22); церки L. pygmoza sp. nov. (23); церки L. pygmaea (24); церки и сурстили L. setuligera (25).
Notes on the type series of L. geniseta. The
type series of L. geniseta consisted of 3S and 1$ from two different localities: Batavia (= Indonesia, Java, Jakarta) and Brisbane (Australia, QLD), so according to the point of view we offer in the present paper it should be heterogeneous. However, Pont [1970] designated the male from Batavia (stored in Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands) as the lectotype, so generally accepted understanding of L. geniseta as the Asian species is fixed. Genitalia of a male paralectotype L. geniseta from ZMHU were examined and confirmed as identical with those of other Asian specimens.
Ecology. Accoding to my observations, L. geniseta often hunts for Musca (Fig. 2: 13) on cow dung heaps on wet meadows.
Lispe macfiei Emden, 1941 Fig. 2: 14,17
Type locality: (Ghana), Gold Coast, Accra (5.6N 0.2W).
Material examined:
Madagascar, (Alaotra-Mangoro reg.), Ampara-faravola (17.6S 48.3E), Lake Alaotra, 1921, R. De-cary, 1S (MNHN).
Malawi, Salima env., 13.77S 34.54E, 4.01.2010, A. Freidberg, 1S (Tel-Aviv University, Israel). Tanazania: Mbeya reg., Nyasa L., Matema, 9.50S 34.01E, 15.12.2015, N. Vikhrev, 1$; Morogoro reg., Mikumi village, 7.40S 36.99E, 5-7.12.2015, N. Vikhrev, 2S, 3$; Pwani reg.: 6.46S 38.92E, 14.09.2012, D. Gavryushin, 1S; Rufiji R., 7.99S 38.97E, 30.12.2015, N. Vikhrev, 2$.
Remarks. Was described from a single female specimen and later synonymyzed by Emden with L. geniseta, but based on the structure of male genitalia. We regard it as a valid species.
Lispe setigena Vikhrev & Pont, sp. nov. Fig. 2: 16,19
Material examined: Holotype S: Australia, Qld, Reid R., 19.758S 146.834E, 31.01.2013, N. Vikhrev (ZMUM). Paratypes 2S, 1$: Australia, Qld: Brisbane, 26.06.1964, G. B. Monteith, 1S (CNC); Pentland env., forest creek, 20.52S 145.40, E, 01.02.2013, N. Vikhrev, 1S (ZMUM); Camoweal, 19.92S 138.11E, 05.02.2013, N. Vikhrev, 1$ (ZMUM).
Description. Male, body length 6.3-6.6 mm. Head. Frons at level of anterior ocellus 0.4 of
head width. Frons dark; fronto-orbital plate yellowish dusted; frontal triangle distinct, yellowish dusted. Parafacial and face yellowish-white dusted, gena and occiput grey. Fronto-orbital plate with 4-5 inclinate and 2 reclinate setae and an outer row of 8-9 hairs. Parafacial with a row of 8-9 hairs and 2 setae: the lower seta about as long as postpedicel length, the upper seta weaker, its length from 0.4 to 0.8 of length of the lower one. Antennae dark with apex of pedicel and base of postpedicel yellow; postpedicel falling short of mouth margin by 0.3-0.4 of its length. Aris-tal hairs about 2x as long as postpedicel width. Palpus yellow; narrow in basal half and abruptly widened in apical half where it is about 1.2x as wide as width of postpedicel. Vibrissa strong, and above vibrissa with an additional seta about 0.4x as long as vibrissa.
Thorax. Scutum brownish-grey, pleura grey dusted; scutum with dark brown median vitta and a pair of submedian vittae along dorsocen-trals. dc 2+3, (medium, strong+medium, strong, strong); ac hairs in 5-6 rows. Katepisternals 1 + 1 + 1; anepimeron with 1-3 hairs; meron and katepimeron bare. Wing slightly darkened, ca-lypters whitish, haltere yellow.
Legs. Femora mostly dark, grey dusted; apical 1/6-1/5 of femora, tibiae and tarsomeres 1 to 3 yellow; tarsomeres 4 and 5 dark. t1 with long fine median pv seta and strong preapical d and pv. tar1-4 to tar1-5 widened and shortened (less distinct than in L. pygmoza sp. nov.). f2: a-surface in basal half with a row of 5-6 short setae and 1 long seta in middle; av-surface in basal half with a row of 4-5 setae, the median one the strongest; pv-surface in basal half with 2-3 strong setae. t2 with 1 strong pd and ad. f3 in basal 2/3 with 5-6 av and 5-6 pv of different length. t3 with median av and ad (both long) and pd (medium); preapical d longer than length of tar3-1. Pulvilli elongated, longer than respective last tarsal tarsomeres.
Abdomen grey dusted with triangular dark marks divided by median vitta. Cercal plate short and wide, with a small ledge in middle (Fig. 2: 16, 19); surstyli with strong sclerotization, symmetric, each one antler-shaped and of the same length (Fig. 2: 16).
Female differs from male as follows: t1 with median pv seta as long as in male but much stron-
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ger; f2 with only 1 av (at middle) and with 2 pv in basal 1/3; f3 with 3 av and with 2 pv near base.
Diagnosis. L. setigena sp. nov. differs from related L. geniseta by structure of male genitalia and presence of the second strong seta on gena.
Etymology. The species name made by the transposition of the parts of the name of the closely related species L. geniseta.
Lispe pumila species complex
Notes on L. pumila species complex
Two species of the L. pumila species complex was considered in [Vikhrev, 2012a], and here I add only new records for L. angustipalpis. The L. pumila complex is characterized as follows: dc 2+4, but 4 anterior pairs weak: t1 without median seta; t2 with 1 pd; t3 with 1 av and 1 ad; meron hairy above hind coxa; pulvilli small. Distribution: tropical Asia, N Australia and Oceania. Lispepumila Wiedemann, 1824 Type locality: "India orient". Material examined: about 130 specimens from: Australia, Qld; Cambodia: Kampot, Kep and Koh Kong prov.; China, Guangdong; India: Assam, Andhra Pradesh, Meghalaya, Orissa, Goa, Gujarat states; Indonesia: Bali, W Nusa Teng-gara prov.; Myanmar, Shan state; Sri Lanka; Thailand: Bangkok, Chanthaburi, Chonburi, Kanchanaburi, Phang Nga, Phuket and Rayong provinces.
Distribution. Widespread from India to N Australia.
Lispe angustipalpis Stein, 1920 Type locality: Java.
Lispe fuscipalpis Malloch, 1929 (type locality: Vanuatu); Lispe pumiloides Snyder, 1965 (type locality: Micronesia, Pulau and Yap.). Australia, Qld., Townsville, 19.29S 146.80E, 11.11.2011, G. Cocks, 1$. Indonesia: Bali prov., Sanur beach env., 8.70S 115.26E, 15-19.02.2014, O. Kosterin, 1?; W Nusa Tenggara prov., Lombok Isl, Senggigi env., 8.51S 116.06E, 20-25.02.2014, O. Kosterin, 1?; W Papua prov., Merauke env., 8.55S 140.43E, 9-15.12.2014, N. Vikhrev, 8$, 12?; Sentani env., 2.58S 140.54E, 3-7.12. 2014, N. Vikhrev, 1$. Malaysia, Selangor state, Sungai Pelek env., 2.6N 101.7E, 6-7.02.2014, N. Vikhrev, 2$, 1?. Sri Lanka, Pinnawala env., 7.28N 80.39E, 19-
179
21.12.2012, N. Vikhrev, 1?.
Thailand: Phuket and Phang Nga prov., see [Vikhrev, 2012a].
(Vanuatu) New Hebrides, Espiritu Santo Isl., Luganville (15.5S 167.2E), 14.03.1964, R. Straat-man, 1$ (MNHN).
Distribution. Widespread from Sri Lanka to N Australia and Oceania, but in comparison with L. pumila the distribution of this species is limited to localities close to the equator. Also L. angustipalpis is more successful than L. pumila in colonization of small and remote islands in S Asia and Oceania.
Lispe pygmaea species complex Notes on L. pygmaea species complex
The L. pygmaea species complex is characterized as follows: 2+3 dc, all strong; legs chaetotaxy: t1 usually without strong median setae (except for males of L. keiseri, L. setuligera and L.vilis with fine pv); t2 with 1 p, without ad (except for L. bipunctata); t3 with 1 ad only; lower parafacial without strong seta; pulvilli small (except for L. pygmoza sp. nov.). Distributed worldwide. Lispe bipunctata Seguy, 1938 Fig. 2: 21
Type locality: Lac Rudolf. Material examined: Syntypes: 1$ (Fig. 2: 21) and 6?: Ethiopia, SNNPR reg., Lac Rudolf (Tur-kana L., 4.7N 36.1E), 01.1933, P. A. Chappuis & R. Jeannel (MNHN).
Redescription. Male. Head. Frons about 1/3 of head width. Frons dark; fronto-orbital plate yellowish-white dusted; frontal triangle very distinct, densely yellowish dusted. Parafacial, face and gena densely white, occiput whitish-grey. Fronto-orbital plate with 4-5 inclinate and 2 reclinate setae and an outer row of 7-8 hairs. Parafacial with a row of 6-7 hairs and with weak seta on lower margin. Antenna dark with apex of pedicel and base of postpedicel yellow; postpedi-cel falling short of mouth margin by 0.5-0.6 of its length. Aristal hairs 1.5-2x as long as postpedicel width. Palpus bright yellow. Vibrissa strong.
Thorax. Scutum and pleura grey dusted; pre-sutural area with a pair of submedian vittae more distinct near neck; postsutural area with median brownish mark from suture to level of 2nd post dc.
Н.Е. Внхрев
dc 2+3, all strong; ac hairs in 3-4 rows. Katepi-sternals 1 + 1 + 1; anepimeron with 5 hairs; meron and katepimeron bare. Wing hyaline, calypters white.
Legs. Femora dark, grey dusted; tibiae and tarsi yellow-brown. t1 without median seta(e). t2 with 1 strong median pd and 1 strong ad below middle. f3 in apical half with 4 strong av and with 3-4 fine long (1.5x as long as femur width) pv in basal 1/3. t3 with 1 ad.
Abdomen mostly grey dusted and without dark marks, only tergite 4 with a pair of very distinct dark glossy spots (Fig. 2: 21). Sternites 3 and 4 densely setulose, sternite 5 with dense setulae on posterior margin. Genitalia not examined.
Female differs from male as follows: f3 with only 1 av at apex and 2-3 short pv near base; spots on tergite 4 much less distinct; sternites without long setulae.
Lispe keiseri Zielke, 1972 Fig. 2: 20, 22
Type locality: Madagascar, Antananarivo. Material examined: Holotype S (Fig. 2: 20): Madagascar, (Analamanga reg.), (An)tananari-vo (18.9S 47.5E), 15.10.1957, F. Keiser (MNHN). Madagascar: (Alaotra-Mangoro reg.), Andasibe, 18.94S 48.42E, 6.12.2012, A. Medvedev, 7S, 7$; Itasy reg., Ampefy (19.04S 46.73E), Olsufiev, 2.1930, 1S, 1$ (ZIN).
Distribution. Madagascar.
Lispepygmaea Fallen, 1825 Fig. 2: 24
Type locality: (Sweden), Esperod (55.68N 14.24E).
Lispe metatarsalis Thomson, 1869. Type locality: Hawaiian Isl.
Lispe argenteifacies Grimshaw, 1901, syn. nov. Type locality: Hawaiian Isl. Lispe cupreigena Grimshaw, 1901. Type locality: Hawaiian Isl.
Lispe ponti Hardy, 1981, syn. nov. Type locality: Hawaiian Isl.
Lispe aureola Shinonaga, 2014, syn. nov. Type locality: Japan, Honshu, Tokio, Imperial Palace. Lispe japonica Shinonaga, 2014, syn. nov. Type locality: Japan, Honshu, Tokyo, Imperial Palace. Material examined: over 200 specimens from: Azerbaijan; Belarus, Minsk reg.; China, Beijing, Liaoning prov,; Egypt: Luxor reg.; Ethio-
pia, Amhara reg.; France (MNHN); Georgia; India: Rajasthan state; Israel; Mongolia: Uvs prov.; Morocco: Essaouira prov.; Kazakhstan:
Akmola, Atyrau, East Kazakhstan, Kyzylorda and West Kazakhstan reg.; Russia: Altai Kray, Amur, Buryatia, Crimea, Dagestan, Kaliningrad, Khabarovsk, Krasnodar, Kursk, Moscow, Nizhny-Novgorod, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Primorsky, St-Pe-tersburg, Tver, Volgograd, Voronezh, Ulyanovsk and Zabaikalsky regions; Serbia; Tajikistan: Dushanbe reg.; Turkey: Adana, Antalya, Hatay, Kayseri, Konya, Mersin and Sakarya prov.; Turkmenistan: Dashoguz, Lebap and Mary prov.; Ukraine: Odessa reg.; USA, Hawaii state.
Below the most interesting localities are given in details:
Ethiopia: Amhara reg., Hayk L., 1920m asl, 11.325N 39.688E, 06.08.2012, N. Vikhrev, 4S, 3$. USA, Hawaii st., Oahu Isl.: Kolekole pass (21.474N 158.116W), 1725' (525 m asl), 9.01.1966, J. R. Vock-eroth, 1$; Mt. Kaala (21.507N 158.143W), 4046' (1230 m asl), 20.06.1967, J. R. Vockeroth, 1S.
Distribution. Widespread in Palaearctic from south to about 60°N; recorded in Sudan and Ethiopia; introduced in Hawaii and recently in Japan [Shinonaga, 2014].
Synonymy. Hawaiian species. I examined the male terminalia of L. pygmaea from: E Europe (Russia, Ryazan reg.), Far East (Russia, Primorsky reg.), Afrotropical region (Ethiopia) and Hawaii (Oahu Isl.) and found them to be the same (cercal plate - (Fig. 2: 24)). In my opinion the differences in male terminalia of Hawaiian species given by Hardy [1981] are groundless and unconvincing.
My opinion that all L. pygmaea-like species described from Hawaii are synonymies of L. pyg-maea is also supported by historical and evolutionary reasons. Hawaii are very remote islands and Lispe must have been introduced there by human settlers. But the early Polynesian settlers could not have done that because neither L. pygmaea nor L. pectinipes Becker, 1903 (the other Hawaiian species) occur in Polynesia. So, the introduction of Lispe into Hawaii took place much more recently, most probably during the mass delivery of Chinese workers for sugarcane plantations in the mid-19th century (L. pygmaea is present and common in E China). By any yard-
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stick, less than 200 years is not enough time for the formation of species.
Japanese species. According to Shinonaga's [2014] diagnosis Lispe japonica runs in Hen-nig's [1960] key to L. nana Macquart, 1835. But it is not so, as in Hennig's key L. japonica runs directly to L. pygmaea and it is L. pygmaea by according to both description and photo. L. aureola differs from L. japonica by goldish pruinos-ity of the body, but yellowish (instead of more typical grey) dusting of the body is not rare in L. pygmaea. L. pygmaea is a common species all over Far East (in China, Korea and Russia). The Japanese fauna of Muscidae was one of the most thoroughly researched, and L. pygmaea was never recorded before. It is an easy Lispe species for collect, simple sweeping in grass is enough. Most probably L. pygmaea was introduced with some plant for Imperial Palace in Tokyo where it was then collected.
Thus, Lispe pygmaea Fallen, 1825 = Lispe ar-genteifacies Grimshaw, 1901, syn. nov. = Lispe ponti Hardy, 1981, syn. nov. = Lispe aureola Shi-nonaga, 2014, syn. nov. = Lispe japonica Shinon-aga, 2014, syn. nov.
Lispe pygmoza Vikhrev & Pont, sp. nov. Fig. 2: 23
Material examined: Holotype $: Australia,
SA, Ceduna (32.12S 133.68E), 24.10.1958, E. F. Riek (ANIC). Paratypes 1$, 2?: same label as the holotype, 1? (ANIC); Australia, SA, Arno Bay, mangrove, 33.92S 136.57E, 8-9.02.2013, N. Vikhrev, 1$, 1? (the male paratype was damaged during drying: face is sunken and posterior femora are deformed) (ZMUM).
Description. Male, body length 5.2 mm.
Head. Frons about 1/3 of head width. Frons dark; fronto-orbital plate yellowish dusted; frontal triangle distinct, yellowish to brownish dusted. Parafacial and face yellowish dusted, gena and occiput grey. Fronto-orbital plate with 4-5 inclinate and 2 reclinate setae and an outer row of 7-8 hairs. Parafacial with a row of 6-8 hairs, lower hairs stronger and elongated. Antenna dark with apex of pedicel and base of postpedicel orange; postpedicel falling short to mouth margin by 0.50.6 of its length. Aristal hairs about 2x as long as postpedicel width. Palpus yellow; narrow in basal half and abruptly widened in apical half where it
181
is 2.5x as wide as width of postpedicel. Vibrissa strong, and above vibrissa with an additional seta about 0.4x as long as vibrissa.
Thorax. Scutum and pleura dark grey dusted; scutum with dark brown median vitta and a pair of submedian vittae along dorsocentrals. dc 2+3, all strong; ac hairs in 4-5 rows. Katepisternals 1 + 1 + 1; anepimeron with about 6 hairs; meron and katepimeron bare. Wing slightly darkened, calypters whitish, haltere brownish.
Legs. Femora dark, grey dusted; tibiae yellow. Tibial setae longer than in other species of the L. pygmaea species complex. t1 without median seta. tar1-1 yellowish, tar1-2 to tar1-5 darkened, widened and shortened (reminiscent of the L. geniseta species complex). f2 in basal 3/5 with 5 a, 4 av and 4 short pv. t2 with 1 strong median pd and preapical d. f3 in basal 3/5 with 5-6 av and 4-5 pv. t3 with 1 long median ad and 1 long preapical d; both setae at least as long as length of tar3-1. Apical setae on anterior tibiae also are remarkably long: t1 with apical d, pd and pv; t2 with pd, pv, av and ad; t3 with ad, a, av and pv. Pulvilli elongated, longer than respective last tar-someres.
Abdomen grey dusted with triangular dark marks and indistinct median vitta. Cercal plate with elongated apical part as on Fig. 2: 23.
Female differs from male as follows: f2 without av, f3 with av and pv setae weak.
Diagnosis. L. pygmoza sp. nov. differs from L. pygmaea as recommended in the key; it differs from Australian L. setigena sp. nov. by tibial chae-totaxy and absence of strong seta on lower parafacial. The relationship of this species seems unclear. On the one hand it has reduced median tibial setae as L. pygmaea. On the other hand several characters resemble L. geniseta: fore tarsomeres shortened; pulpilli elongated; tibial setae including apical ones remarkably long and strong.
Etymology. The name composes of two parts: «pygmaea» - the species name of well-known and similar species of Lispe, and «OZ» - a nickname for Australia.
Lispe setuligera Stein, 1911 Fig. 2: 25
Type locality: Chile, Coquimbo.
Н.Е. Внхрев
Material examined: Paratype S: Chile, (Coquimbo reg.), Coquimbo (30.0S 71.3W), 23.09.1902, Schnuse (BMHU), right mid leg and both hind legs absent.
Chile: (Valparaiso reg.), Vina bai (33.01S 71.55W), 12.10.1940, G. H. Schwabe, 1S, 1$ (ZMHU); Aisen reg., Buenos Aires Lake (46.54S 71.72W), 24-31.12.1960, Pena, 1S. Argentina, Mendoza prov., Porterillos, 32.96S 69.20W, 8-11.01.2013, K. Tomkovich, 9S, 7$; Neuquen prov., Alumine, 39.22S 70.90W, 2830.01.2013, K. Tomkovich, 4S, 8$; Rio Negro prov., Pollegrini L., 38.70S 68.03W, 1218.01.2013, K. Tomkovich, 16S, 10$.
Distribution. Widespread in Neotropic: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Guyana, Mexico, Paraguay, Puerto Rico.
Remarks. Thoracic and leg chaetotaxy of L. setuligera is typical for the L. pygmaea species complex. However I have some doubts about L. setuligera belonging to this complex. Firstly, there are several morphological characters which are reminiscent of L. uliginosa, namely the shape of cer-cal plate; the presence on meron 5-7 hairs above hind coxa and 2-3 hairs below posterior spiracle, and katepimeron with 1-3 minute hairs. Secondly, the origin of a species from the L. pygmaea species complex in the Neotropical region seems enigmatic, whereas the L. uliginosa species group is distributed in the New World. These doubts concern other Neotropical species L. vilis as well.
Descriptive notes. Male. Palpus yellow; about 1.5x as wide as width of postpedicel. Scutum brown, with indistinct dark vittae: median and 2 submedian along dc; dc 2+3 all strong; prst ac in 4 rows. Femora dark; tibiae yellow. Fore coxa with a tuft of wavy hairs posteriorly. t1 with 1 very fine pv below middle. f2 in basal half with: 4(5) short strong a; 2-3 strong and long av; 2-3 strong and long pv, and 1-2 fine, long pv at very base. t2 with 1 p. f3 in basal 3/5 with a row 5-6 av and 5-6 pv. t3 with 1 ad; preapical d 0.5x as long as tar3-1 length. Abdomen grey dusted with paired trapezoid dark spots on tergites 1-2 to 5. Male cercal plate as on Fig. 2: 25; surstili with characteristic tuft of dense and long black hairs at apex (Fig. 2: 25). Male sternite 5 with long and strongly scler-otizated median process.
Female differs as following: t1 without pv; f2
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without av; with 2-3 fine pv; f3 with 1-0 short av in basal 1/3 and without pv. Lispe vilis Stein, 1911
Type locality: Bolivia, Sorata (15.77S 68.65W, 2650 m asl), the lectotype is in Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde, Dresden, Germany [Pont, 2013].
Material examined:
Argentina, Jujuy prov., Carmen env., Dique La Cienaga, (24.43S 65.28W), 1200 m asl, 2021.10.1968, Pena, 1$, 1$.
Remarks. With such limited material I consider my suggestions for the identification of L. vilis given in the key below as preliminary ones.
Identification key for the World fauna of the L. pygmaea ecological group, $$
1. dc 2+4, but 4 anterior pairs weak. t3 with 1 av and 1 ad. (t1 without median seta; t2 with 1 pd; meron hairy above hind coxa; pulvilli small; tropical Asia, N Australia and Oceania) .... pumila species complex....................... 2
- dc 2+3 or 2+2 or 1+2, in any case all dc setae strong. t3 either with only 1 ad or with av, ad and pd........................................... 3
2. Palpus black(ish). Spots on abdominal tergites 3 to 5 large and reaching posterior margin of tergites. Scutum blackish, only thinly dusted, with wider vittae.......... angustipalpis Stein
- Palpus yellow. Spots on abdominal tergites 3 to 5 smaller and not reaching posterior margin of tergites. Scutum densely grey dusted, with narrow obscure vittae .... pumila Wiedemann
3. dc 1+2, all remarkably strong, the median pair is placed almost equidistant from anterior and posterior pairs. (t1 with 1 d and 1 pv setae; t2 with 1 ad and 1 pd; t3 with 1 av, 1 ad and 1 pd; lower parafacials with strong seta; pulvilli not elongated; Afrotropical region.) .... dichaeta species complex................................ 4
- dc 2+3 or 2+2.................................... 6
4. Frons wider, at level of anterior ocellus about 0.44 of head width (Fig. 1: 9). Highlands. (Antenna dark in L. dichaeta, but in L. stuckenber-gi postpedicel yellow at base, pedicel yellow at apex.) f3 with 4 av: 1 preapical, 2 submedian and 2 in basal 1/3 and with 2 (1-3) pv in basal 1/3 and with 1 strong and long (longer than femur width) median pv. Cercal plate wide,
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without anchor-like apex (Fig. 1: 10 or 11) ... 5
- Frons narrower, at level of anterior ocellus about 0.37 of head width (Fig. 1: 7). Postpedi-cel distinctly yellow at base, pedicel yellow at apical half. Lowlands. $: f3 with 3 av: 1 preapi-cal, 1 submedian and 1 in basal 1/3 and with 2 (1-3) fine pv in basal 1/3 and without median pv. Cercal plate narrow with anchor-like apex (Fig. 1: 6,8)...........madagascariensis Zielke
5. Madagascar. $: Cercal plate - Fig. 1: 11. Mid coxa on posterior surface with a set of 4 ap-pressed, short, strong and straight spines. tar1-1 and tar1-2 yellow, concolourouos with t1...........................stuckenbergi Zielke
- Africa. $: Cercal plate - Fig. 1: 10. Mid coxa without remarkable set of appressed, spinelike setae. tar1-1 and tar1-2 greyish, darker than t1 ........................... dichaeta Stein
6. dc 2+2. (t1 without median setae; t2 with or without ad and with 1 pd; t3 with 1 ad; lower parafacials without strong seta; pulvilli small; Afrotropical region.) .... ambigua species complex......................................... 7
- dc 2+3............................................ 9
7. t2 without ad. $: Hind trochanter with ordinary fine setulae. Cercal plate at apex outside curved and bidental, surstylus long and narrow (Fig. 1: 3). (Femora yellow at apices; body length 7-7.5 mm. ?: f2 without strong median av; f3 with short av and pv setae. $: sternite 4 with anteriorly directed projection in anterior part (Fig. 1: 1))..................... biseta Stein
- t2 with 1 ad. $: Hind trochanter densely covered with spine-like, appressed setulae. Cercal plate different .................................. 8
8. Body length 5.5-6.5 mm. Ethiopia, Kenia. $: sternite 4 with anteriorly directed projection in anterior part as in Fig. 1: 1; cercal plate -Fig. 1: 2, 5. ?: f2 with median av as strong as median a. (Femora dark, only knees yellow. ?:
f3 without distinct ventral setae) ...............
....................................ambigua Stein
- Body length 7-7.5 mm. S Africa. $: sternite 4 simple; cercal plate - Fig. 1: 4.
?: f2 without strong median av...................
..................................... surda Curran
9. t3 with 1 av, 1 ad and 1 pd. Lower parafacial with strong seta. (t1 with 1 median pv; t2 with 1 pd and 1 ad; pulvilli enlarged, distinctly lon-
183
ger than respective last tarsomeres), general view - Fig. 1: 12,13.....geniseta species complex .............................................10
- t3 with 1 ad only. Lower parafacial without strong seta. (t1 usually without strong median setae (except for males of L. setuligera and L. keiseri with fine pv); t2 with 1 p, without ad (except for L. bipunctata); pulvilli small (except for L. pygmoza sp. nov.) .... pygmaea species complex...............................12
10. N Australia. Parafacial with 2 rather strong setae, the upper seta weaker, its length 0.4-0.8x of length of the lower one. $: cercal plate short and wide, with a small ledge in apical half (Fig. 2: 16, 19); surstyli with strong sclerotization, symmetric, both of antler-shaped and of the
same length (Fig. 2: 16)..........................
............. setigena Vikhrev & Pont, sp. nov.
- S Asia or Africa. Parafacial with only 1 strong setae. $: cercal plate longer and less robust; surstyli asymmetric...........................11
11. SE Asia. $: cercal plate wider, gradually narrowed to apex, apex not pointed (Fig. 2: 15, 18); the left surstylus long and apically curved; the right one bifurcated with both branches of medium length (Fig. 2: 15).....geniseta Stein
- Africa. $: cercal plate wide basally, narrow in apical part, slightly curved in middle, apex pointed (Fig. 2: 14, 17). Both surstyli antler-shaped, the left one 2x longer than the right one (Fig. 2: 14).................macfiei Emden
12. t2 with 1 ad. Abdomen mostly grey dusted and without dark marks, only tergite 4 with a pair of very distinct dark glossy spots (Fig. 2: 21). $: sternites 3 and 4 densely setulose, ster-nite 5 with dense setulae on posterior margin .. ............................... bipunctata Seguy
- t2 without ad. Abdominal tergites 1+2 to 4 with more or less uniform dark spots or with uniformly indistinct spots (in L. pygmaea). $: sternites without remarkable setae...........13
13. Meron with 5-7 hairs above hind coxa and 2-3 hairs below posterior spiracle. Neotropical region ..........................................14
- Meron and katepimeron bare. Old World .....
..................................................15
14. Lowlands. $: f3 in basal 3/5 with a row 5-6 av and 5-6 pv, the latter distinctly longer than half width of femur ($: cercal plate and surstyli -
Н.Е. Внхрев
184
Fig. 2: 25)....................... setuligera Stein
- Highlands. f3 with 2(1) av at base and 1 av in apical 1/3; pv on f3 shorter than half width of femur............................... vilis Stein
15. Madagascar. Body length 6.5-7 mm. Tarsi entirely black (Fig. 2: 20). t1 with 1(2) fine and long pv; cercal plate remarkably small - Fig. 2:
22. $: f3 with strong av beyond middle ......
..................................... keiseri Zielke
- Not Madagascar. Body length 5.5 mm or less. Tarsi basally more or less yellow. t1 without pv; cercal plate different. $: f3 without submedian av.........................................16
16. tar1-2 to tar1-5 widened and shortened. Pul-villi elongated, longer than respective last tar-someres. Preapical d on t3 at least as long as length of tar3-1. Femora entirely dark. Palpus narrow in basal half and abruptly widened in apical half where 2.5x as wide as width of post-
pedicel. S Australia. S: cercal plate - Fig. 2: 23
.............pygmoza Vikhrev & Pont, sp. nov.
- Fore tarsal segments not widened. Pulvil-li small. Preapical d on t3 shorter than half length of tar3-1. Femora yellow at apex. Palpus very gradually widened to apex where still very narrow for Lispe, 1-1.5 as wide as width of postpedicel. Palaearctic, also N of Afrotropical and N of Oriental regions, Hawaii. S: cercal plate - Fig. 2: 24...............pygmaea Fallen
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I thank Christophe Daugeron and Emmanuel Delfosse (Paris), Joachim Ziegler and Jenny Polh (Berlin), Olga Ovchinnikova, Galina Suleymanova and Ludmila Kuznetsova (St. Petersburg) for the kind possibility to examine their important material. I thank Adrian Pont (Oxford) and Oleg Kosterin (Novosibirsk) for their advices and corrections.
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Accepted: 28.08.2016 Published: 30.09.2016
nocmynuAaepeda^uw: 28.08.2016 AamanyÖAUKa^u: 30.09.2016
