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11X-RAY IN THE DIAGNOSTICS OF CANCER DISEASES
Khurshida Jasurbek Rinat ugli Sunnatillo
Abduvokhidovna Sharapov Shermamatovich
Rashidova Nuriddinov
Clinical interns at the Department of Medical Radiation Diagnostics Samarkand State
Medical Institute
ABSTRACT
Chest X-rays may be used to diagnose, stage and treat lung cancer. In low doses, X-rays may be used to construct images of structures inside the body to detect and stage a tumor. In higher doses, X-rays may be used in radiation therapy to help destroy cancerous cells in the body.
Keywords: X-rays, diagnose, imaging tests, cancer.
INTRODUCTION
Diagnosing cancer is a complex process and there's no one best way to do this. Every person is different, and there are many different kinds of cancer that can cause a lot of different symptoms.
If your doctor thinks you have cancer, a complete work-up will be done. It will likely include a physical exam, asking you about your health history and symptoms, a review of your family history of illness, blood tests, special procedures, and/or imaging tests. Many times, a tiny piece (sample) of the changed cells or tumor must be taken out and tested. This is called a biopsy. Sometimes it's the only way to know for sure that you have cancer.
METHODOLOGY
Multiple biomedical imaging techniques are used in all phases of cancer management. Imaging forms an essential part of cancer clinical protocols and is able to furnish morphological, structural, metabolic and functional information. Integration with other diagnostic tools such as in vitro tissue and fluids analysis assists in clinical decision-making. Hybrid imaging techniques are able to supply complementary information for improved staging and therapy planning. Image guided and targeted minimally invasive therapy has the promise to improve outcome and reduce collateral effects. Early detection of cancer through screening based on imaging is probably the major contributor to a reduction in mortality for certain cancers. Targeted imaging of receptors, gene therapy expression and cancer stem cells are research activities that will translate into clinical use in the next decade. Technological developments will increase imaging speed to match that of physiological processes.
Once a cancer is found, more imaging tests might be done to see if and how far the cancer may have grown or spread. This process is called staging. All of this information is used to make the treatment plan that's best for each person. Imaging is used to make pictures of the inside of your body. It can help find tumors and other changes, show how much disease is there, and help see if treatment is working. Imaging may also be used to do biopsies and other surgical procedures.Here are some of the common imaging tests that may be used for cancer.
CT scan.this scan uses X-rays and a computer to make 3-D images (often called slices) of your body. A CT scan can show any part of your body, including bones, muscles, fat, and organs. CT scans are a lot more detailed than X-rays.
DISCUSSION
A mammogram is an X-ray exam of the breast. It's used to find and diagnose breast disease in women who have breast problems such as a lump, pain, or nipple discharge. It's also used to check for breast diseases in women who don't have breast problems. (This is called a screening mammogram.)
A mammogram can't prove that a breast change is cancer. But if it shows something that might be cancer, more testing can be done.
Ultrasound (sonography)uses high-energy sound waves and a computer to make images of blood vessels, tissues, and organs. It can be used to look at how well organs are working and to look at blood flow through vessels. Tumors in the belly (abdomen), liver, and kidneys can often be seen with an ultrasound. (It's not useful in the chest because the ribs block the sound waves.)
RESULT
Ultrasound can also be used through a probe that can be put into body openings, like the anus, vagina, or esophagus. This puts it closer to the certain internal organs, which can give a clearer picture.
MRI uses a strong magnet, radio waves, and a computer to make detailed images of organs and other structures inside your body. An MRI is often used to look at the heart, brain, liver, pancreas, male and female reproductive organs, and other soft tissues. MRI can show even small changes in tissues. It can assess blood flow, detect tumors, and diagnose many forms of cancer, evaluate infections, and assess injuries to bones and joints.
CONCLUSION
Various pharmaceutical therapies are under development for cancer that are classed as cytotoxic, antihormonal, molecular targeted and immunotherapeutic. The
molecular targeted therapies lend themselves to imaging for control of their effectiveness and include signal transduction inhibitors, angiogenesis inhibitors, apoptosis inducers, cell cycle inhibitors, multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors and epigenetic modulators
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