Wooden Openinsula Текст научной статьи по специальности «Социальная и экономическая география»

Original article / Оригинальная статья UDC 711.123

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2227-2917-2018-3-142-154 WOODEN OPENINSULA

© S. Bakanovaa, Vincent Van Praetb, N.L. Kichatinovac, O.V. Tuchinad, E. Bullye

aKarlsruher Institut für Technologie,

7, Englerstraße, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany

bKatholieke Universiteit Leuven,

13, Oude Markt, 3000 Leuven, Belgium

c,dIrkutsk National Research Technical University,

83, Lermontov St., Irkutsk, 664074, Russian Federation

eUniversite Paris Est / Universita degli studi di Palermo,

5, Boulevard Descartes, 77420 Champs-sur-Marne, France

ABSTRACT. Our vision of Zaton, is to develop its wooden heritage and craftsmanship, as part of its existing identity of the Irkutsk cultural code. AIMS. To create a wooden craftsmanship and educational center that can be used by all inhabitants, to restore the existing wooden architecture on the peninsula and in Irkutsk, and to lessen the existing ground pollution and wood export by creating a green heart with fast-growing trees, which will connect all wood-related functions and will raise awareness of wood resources overuse. METHODS. Interviews, site visits, SWOT analysis, Mental Map, and photo fixation. RESULTS AND THEIR DISCUSSION. By reintroducing the craftsmanship and bringing together the industries, we would like to create a collaboration between different wood-related companies that are interested in restoration of existing wooden architecture in the city, and in introducing and researching new wood-building technologies, in learning and teaching new woodworking techniques. The main idea is to innovate, cross tradition and modernize: through the mix of the old wooden houses and new wooden buildings, and through a mix of educational function and small-scale production to create a system, which not only will benefit the Zaton area but will influence Irkutsk city as well. CONCLUSION. The pilot project in Zaton will bring awareness and try to change the path of production towards a more sustainable future.

Keywords: Wooden Openinsula, Winter University, Brownfield redevelopment, Wooden heritage, Zaton, Irkutsk, Wooden craftsmanship, Learning city

Information about the article. Received May 17, 2018; accepted for publication July 02, 2018; available online September 26, 2018.

For citation. Bakanova S., Vincent Van Praet, Kichatinova N.L., Tuchina O.V., Bully E. Wooden Openinsula. Izvestiya vuzov. Investicii. Stroitel'stvo. Nedvizhimost' = Proceedings of Universities. Investment. Construction. Real estate. 2018, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 142-154. (In Russian). DOI: 10.21285/2227-2917-2018-3-142-154

ДЕРЕВЯННЫЙ ПОЛУОСТРОВ

С. Баканова, Винсент Ван Прает, Н.Л. Кичатинова, О.В. Тучина, Э. Булли

Технологический университет Карлсруэ, 76131, Германия, Карлсруэ, Енгельштрассе, 7. Лёвенский католический университет, 3000, Бельгия, Лёвен, Ауде Маркт, 13.

Иркутский национальный исследовательский технический университет,

aSofia Bakanova, master's degree, e-mail: sofija.bakanova@gmail.com Баканова София, магистрант, e-mail: sofija.bakanova@gmail.com bVincent Van Praet, master's degree, e-mail: vincent.vanpraet@student.kuleuven.be Винсент Ван Прает, магистрант, e-mail: vincent.vanpraet@student.kuleuven.be cNatalia L. Kichatinova, Bachelor, e-mail: kichatinovanat@yandex.ru Кичатинова Наталья Леонидовна, бакалавр, e-mail: kichatinovanat@yandex.ru dOlga V. Tuchina, bachelor, master's degree, e-mail: olga.tuchina.94@mail.ru Тучина Ольга Вячеславовна, магистрант, e-mail: olga.tuchina.94@mail.ru

eEleonore Bully, master's degree in Urban and Regional Planing, postgraduate, e-mail: Eleonore.B@hotmail.fr

Булли Элеонор, степень магистра в области городского и регионального планирования, аспирант, e-mail: Eleonore.B@hotmail.fr_

664074, Российская Федерация, г. Иркутск, ул. Лермонтова, 83. Университет Париж-Эст / Университет Палермо, 77420, Франция, Шан-сюр-Марн, Бульвар Декарт, 5.

РЕЗЮМЕ. Наше видение территории Затона заключается в том, чтобы развивать свое деревянное наследие и мастерство как часть существующей идентичности города и Иркутского культурного кода. ЦЕЛЬ. Восстановить существующую деревянную архитектуру и создать мастерские по дереву с образовательными курсами, которые могут использоваться всеми жителями, восстановить существующую деревянную архитектуру на полуострове и в Иркутске, чтобы уменьшить существующее загрязнение почвы и экспорт древесины, создав зеленое сердце города с быстрорастущими деревьями, в котором соединятся все функции, связанные с использованием древесины, и будет повышена осведомленность населения о чрезмерном использовании древесных ресурсов. МЕТОДЫ. Интервью, посещения сайтов, SWOT-анализ, Mental Map, фиксация фотографий. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ И ИХ ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ. Вновь внедряя мастерство и объединяя отрасли деревообработки, мы хотели бы создать сотрудничество между различными компаниями, связанными с деревом, которые заинтересованы в восстановлении существующей деревянной архитектуры в городе, во внедрении и исследовании новых технологий деревянного строительства, в изучении и обучении новым методам деревообработки. Основная идея состоит в том, чтобы новаторствовать и перемешивать традиции и современность: через сочетание старых деревянных домов и новых деревянных зданий и через сочетание образовательной функции и мелкосерийного производства создать систему, которая не только принесет пользу области Затона, но и повлияет на Иркутск. ВЫВОДЫ. Пилотный проект в Затоне даст понимание и попытается изменить путь деревообрабатывающего производства к более устойчивому будущему.

Ключевые слова: деревянный полуостров, Зимний Университет, браунфилд, деревянное наследие, Затон, Иркутск, деревянное мастерство, изучение города.

Информация о статье. Дата поступления 17 мая 2018 г.; дата принятия к печати 02 июля 2018 г.; дата онлайн-размещения 26 сентября 2018 г.

Формат цитирования. Баканова С., Винсент Ван Прает, Кичатинова Н.Л., Тучина О.В., Булли Э. Деревянный полуостров // Известия вузов. Инвестиции. Строительство. Недвижимость. 2018. Т. 8. № 3. С. 142-154. DOI: 10.21285/2227-2917-2018-3-142-154

INTRODUCTION

to the city center, it is separated by two Rivers: Irkut and Angara. In the south, it is severed from Studgorodok District by the Trans-Siberian-Railway. Regardless of the vast natural resources, Irkutsk does not have enough developed open spaces. The Embankments are disconnected and not always accessible for pedestrians. Nonetheless, Zaton is also a fragmented territory which is separated from the rest of the city by strong material, natural and social borders. This territory is also divided by different types of ownership which create disconnections within the district. Zaton is currently invisible for the Irkutsk inhabitants or even has a really negative and unsafe image. Through the history, this area was used by various industries and manufactories which also provided the temporary housing for its workers and polluted the soil greatly. We want to change this image of Zaton by making it a new attractive point of Irkutsk and a new place in Irkutsk's inhabitants' lifestyle.

Irkutsk's historical buildings are founded on wood, which was primary material for building the city due to immense natural resources. Being a trade city, Irkutsk takes in western and eastern woodcrafting technics and traditions, transforming it into its unique cultural code and craftsmanship history. Currently, a part of existing historical heritage in the city center and neighborhood is ignored, undervalued and not taken care of. Furthermore, wood is hugely exported from northern Siberia, not only for buildings, but also for furniture, decoration, utensils, and many more. Illegal operators are currently exploiting this raw resource, and exporting it to foreign countries, where it is transformed into furniture by cheap labor. Once the product is finalized, it gets transported and sold all over the world. Due to such strong competition, many furniture companies in Irkutsk suffer and are forced to close, and natural resources are being overused. Zaton Peninsula is isolated from all sides. Despite its closeness

Fig. 1. Existing Furniture Factories on the city scale

Рис. 1. Существующие мебельные фабрики в городе

Fig. 2. Wooden heritage houses on the city scale Рис. 2. Деревянное наследие в городе

Fig. 3. Existing Green Spaces on the city scale Рис. 3. Существующие зеленые пространства по городской шкале

Fig. 4. Existing transport network Рис. 4. Существующая транспортная сеть

METHODS

For our work, we have visited the site several times, conducted interviews with the inhabitants and workers both from Zaton and outside. To emphasize our perception of the area, each of the team members drew a Mental Map which were combined into common one. This method helped us to determine problems and potentials of the area which later resulted in the SWOT-analysis. SWOT-analysis on city and Zaton scale covered the existing problems and potentials. They helped us to identify the opportunities that we want to explore and threats that we want to avoid.

RESULTS AND THEIR DISCUSSION

Based on some exploratory observations onsite and interviews with city-dwellers, we first have done a detailed analysis and interpretation of the characteristics, issues and potentials of Zaton.

Zaton does already have many resources, including informal ones - memories, appropriations - that just have to be developed and linked so they can sustain

and strengthen each other. Besides its strategic position next to the center of Irkutsk, Zaton has also not only a strong industrial history - wood, metal, ship industries -, but also an existing and valuable community capital, in terms of existing neighborhood relations, local sharing system and district identity. Zaton has also diverse natural resources and an easy-access to them, and finally different viewpoints towards city's landscapes.

Zaton's places of interest and built capital are currently appropriate by different users - local inhabitants, factory workers, fishermen, campers - and gather diverse memories crossing the generations. These places of interest and users -as the canteen where the workers eat every day, the statue of Nikolai Vilkov that is a crucial remembering of Russian-Japanese war as well as the wooden houses built by Japanese prisoners and the river banks - will be kept but open up to new users and activities. This way, we will trigger new social links and improve social cohesion in the district and between the district and the rest of Irkutsk.

Fig. 5. Existing Places of Interest // Nikolay Vilkov. Monument and wooden housing Рис. 5. Достопримечательности // Памятник Николаю Вилкову и деревянный дом

To solve the problems that we briefly stated in the introduction, we have formulated the aims on a city scale and on the scale of Zaton that will fundamental for our Concept „Wooden Openinsula"

AIMS ON City scale

> Provide the citizens with the information concerning the importance of wooden heritage

> Strengthen the existing wood craftsmanship

> Create a centralized educational facility for wood-craftsmen (restoration of old historical wooden buildings and building of new modern wooden houses; furniture)

> Lessen the ongoing wood export to other countries and make visible the consequences of wood resources overuse

AIMS for Zaton

> Relaunch local employment by capitalizing on wood factory and educational function related to it

> Improve the social links between Zaton and Irkutsk inhabitants:

> Change the negative image of

Zaton

> Create common activities and uses between residents of Zaton and outsiders

> Improve the transportation and pedestrian access to Zaton

INDUSTRIAL t

EDUCATIONAL

■ CRAFT

i WORKSHOPS FOR CITIZENS/ COMMINUTES

I SMALL ARCHI & ORNAMENTS

i RESEARCH FACILITY (NEW METHOD OF

\j BUILDING AND RECYCLING]

• INTERNSHIP FOR STUDENTS

TOURISTS

WOODEN OPENINSULA

r

1É

■

■COLLABORATION ■ WITH UNIVERSITY

../.SMALL SCALE

PRODUCTION/CRAFT

ДЛИН

SMALL CRAFT BUSINESS ARCHITECT OFFICES

Fig. 6. Conception «Wooden Openinsula» Рис. 6. Концепция «Деревянный полуостров»

THE WOODEN OPENINSULA Our concept is to develop Zaton's wooden identity and memory as a valuable resource for Irkutsk's future. We want not only to develop these elements from the past of Zaton but also to integrate this heritage for a future vision.

The main idea is to innovate and cross tradition and modernity: through the mix of the old wooden houses and new wooden building, the combination of educational function and small-scale produc-

tion but also through the new woodcraft techniques that will be created by this catalyst project.

We thus want to transform Zaton into an inclusive territory with good living conditions where current and future users would find a common ground. This will be made by linking and opening the valuable spaces composing the territory and by strengthening their relation to its wooden heritage and activities.

Fig. 7. Functional Plan Рис. 7. Функциональное зонирование

Zaton urban forest: a green meeting and linking space

To create this wooden peninsula, Zaton would develop a fast-growing green heart. This forest would depollute the ground that has been intoxicated by years of unhealthy industry.

This forest of 20 hectares links craftsmen ateliers with places of vocational education and to other functions and spread out all along the peninsula. It is at the same time the very linking area of all the wood-related functions, and a peaceful promenade through the wooden peninsula for inhabitants and tourists.

This promenade goes through the crafmen's ateliers, the wooden market and end up at the museum of wooden architecture and craftsmanship.

The forest is a space that establish a connection between production, creation, and learning, and between students, workers and visitors - being tourist or city-dwellers. Into the green heart of Za-

ton, a botanical garden would be implemented.

The glass house would be a beacon of light and activity inside the forest. The botanical garden can grow herbs, berries, and flowers that are currently endangered by tourists and locals in the Baikal region.

By producing these plants intensively, they can be sold in Irkutsk, to lower the demand on the Baikal region. The botanical institution together with an investor attracted by the demand for these plants, could provide the money for developing this heart.

The existing logistics will have to move, to make place for this green heart. Instead of brutally removing this function, that every city needs, they could be placed all together in one parcel, at the edge of the forest, along the existing railway. This way they could share costs and develop a more efficient working process in a collective vertical logistic hub.

Fig. 8. Green Spaces and Botanical Garden Рис. 8. Зеленые пространства и Ботанический сад

The forest will also comprise a kin- but also to the punctual visitors. The furni-dergarten that will benefit to local inhabi- ture of this kindergarten will be carved in tants of the surrounding residential areas wood and locally produced.

Fig. 9. Preschool facility in the Urban Forest Рис. 9. Детский сад в городском лесу

Fig. 10. Woodworking ateliers, Main pedestrian axis Рис. 10. Деревообрабатывающие ателье, Гпавная пешеходная ось

Learning from the wooden peninsula: the educational and vocational structures

This wooden craftsmanship is not a new concept. The skill to craft traditional woodwork, not only for houses, but also for furniture and decorations, has been slowly disappearing. By rein-troducing this skill through diverse structures - educational and vocational school, museum, craft market and open ateliers, the forgotten craft could be brought back to live and not only Zaton, but also Irkutsk. Both will benefit from this by attracting new tourists, students and even researchers looking for these specific know-hows. This new function will foster local employment, and not only valorizes the skills of Zaton current workers who will be able to share their experiences, but also trigger a sharing of knowledge between wood experts at a broader scale.

Taking roots in the past to grow better in the future

This way, the wooden heritage, in both the city as in Zaton, could be re-

stored as well. Therefore, a part of the wooden houses in Zaton, that are part of the memory and identity of the place could be restored and have better conditions for their current habitants.

By conserving and restoring these wooden houses, we allow current inhabitants to stay in Zaton while improving their housing and living conditions. They will be integrated as main actors in the diffusion and communication of Zaton's history to outsiders and new inhabitants. Investors for the wooden industry could be found by integrating factories around Irkutsk that are in bad conditions and would benefit of co-working. The wood could not only be used to craft traditional furniture and decoration, and to restore the wooden heritage in Irkutsk, but also to build new residential housing on the peninsula.

The new inhabitants of Zaton, attracted by the employment of the craftsmanship, by the educational institution, and by the forest, could live in modern residential wooden housing.

IRKUTSK CITIZENS ЖИТЕЛИ ИРКУТСКА

RESIDENTS OF ZATON ЖИТЕЛИ ЗАГОНА

EMPLOYMEM^. FOC9V

МЕБЕЛЬНЫЕ КОМПАНИИ

PRODUCTION OF WOODEN * BUILDING MATERIALS СНАБЖЕНИЕ ДЕРЕВЯННЫМИ СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫМИ МАТЕРИАЛАМИ

MODERN WOODEN HOUSES СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ДЕРЕВЯННЫЕ ДОМА

INVESTORS ИНВЕСТОРЫ

IRKUTSKIE KVARTALY

RESTORATION Of EXISTING WOODEN

STRUCTURE

ИРКУТСКИЕ КВАРТАЛЫ ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЕ СУЩЕСТВУЮЩЕЙ ДЕРЕВЯННОЙ ЗАСТРОЙКИ

ARPI

RESTORATION OF WOODEN MONUMENTS АРПИ

ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЕ ДЕРЕВЯННЫХ ПАМЯТНИКОВ

ИГжш

EXISTING FURNITURE COMPANIES EXISTING WOOD INDUSTRY

СУЩЕСТВУЮЩИЕ СУЩЕСТВУЮЩАЯ ЛЕСА*Я ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТЬ •

LI

SUPPLIES WITH MATERIALS AND WORKERS

ПОСТАВКИ МАТЕРИАЛОВ И РАБОЧИХ

.....................j

CRAFTSMANSHIP • « EDUCATIONAL FACILITY^ ' УЧЕБНОЕ ЗАВЕДЕНИЕ ■

EXISTING HISTOHC WOODEN BUILDINGS IN THE CfTY CENTER

СУЩЕСТВУЮЩИЕ ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ ДЕРЕВЯННЫЕ ЗДАНИЯ В ЦЕНТРЕ ГОРОДА

EXISTING WOODEN STRUCTURE IM IATON

СУЩЕСТВУЮЩАЯ ДЕРЕВЯННАЯ СТРУКТУРА НА ЗАТОНЕ

» GREEN HEART *

• OF IATON ♦ BOTANICAL .

* GARDEN

■ ЗЕЛЕНОЕ СЕРДЦЕ \ ^JATOHA » БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ САД I

SUPPLYING ПОСТ AB Kl

□ш шП

LOCAL MARKET МЕСТНЫЙ РЫНОК

(За

! EXISTING BOTANICAL GARDEN [ CITY

l SMALL BUSINESSES

: СУЩЕСТВУЮЩИЙ БОТАНИЧЕСКИЙ САД : ГОРОД

: МАЛЫЙ БИЗНЕС

UNIVERSITIES

УНИВЕРСИТЕТЫ

m

MUSEUM OF WOODEN ARCHITECTURE TALTSI МУЗЕЙ ДЕРЕВЯННОГО ЗОДЧЕСТВА ТАЛЬЦЫ

TOURISTIC AREA

ТУРИСТИЧЕСКАЯ ЗОНА

Jf

Fig. 11. Cooperation Strategy Рис. 11. Стратегия сотрудничества

The educational facility would grow bigger by developing new techniques for building high densely housing.

Connecting Zaton by the river embankments

Continuing on the idea of a wooden peninsula, the embankments of Zaton could be developed through

wooden furniture and recreation that would make the environment more attractive.

With the development of the embankment at the city side, both of them would form a continuous promenade because of the connecting existing bridge.

Fig. 12. Rebuilding the existing wooden houses using local resources Рис. 12. Восстановление существующих деревянных домов с использованием местных

ресурсов

Fig. 13. Modern wooden housing Рис. 13. Современные деревянные дома

This embankment is located along the water protection zone of 50meters and takes different forms along the functions it passes. For example, at the residential area, the embankments enlarge

and create a big open space. The atmosphere of this place would differ in time since the area could flood when the Irkut River rises.

Fig. 14. Different Embankments, Viewpoints connections Рис. 14. Различные набережные, взаимодействие точек обзора

In the perspective of connecting Zaton to the rest of Irkutsk, a bridge will cross the Angara River and connect Zaton to the Irkutsk's center riverbank. Besides its linking function, this bridge will also offer a viewpoint on Irkutsk's center

and Zaton skylines and landscapes. Moreover, a water transport service will be implemented at the far end of the peninsula to create an alternative connection to the facing riverbank, both for tourists and Zaton's inhabitants.

Fig. 15. Water transport and touristic area Рис. 15. Водный транспорт и туристическая зона

...and by its green core

The inhabitants and visitors will not only be able to enter Zaton from the city center, through bridges and transport boats, but also from the side of the railways. Because of the difference in height,

a small platform above the railways will be implemented, and will give a panoramic view on the forest followed by a connection that brings you down in the middle of the trees.

Fig. 16. Platform above the railway Рис. 16. Платформа над железной дорогой

Fostering an interest on local production

This wooden peninsula would be the perfect spot to sell local traditional wooden handcrafts and herbal plants to both tourists and locals.

The area in Zaton that is visually connected with the city center would be developed into a touristic area with hotels, restaurants, and cafes.

This touristic area is crossed by the existing railway road that could become a new mean of transportation, especially for visitors who want to admire the inner activity of the wooden peninsula.

That way they would be able to cross the forest and to reach the wooden craft market where they would be able to buy some local products.

These products would not only be sold to tourists, but to locals as well, and this market will then be another meeting point between locals and visitors.

CONCLUSION

By introducing this wooden craftsmanship, the demand for wood would increase. That is why in the future, instead of putting more pressure on the illegal deforestation, a part of Zaton could become productive as well and produce a small amount of wood that could go directly to the wooden ateliers.

Fig. 17. Master Plan Рис. 17. Мастер-план

Another resource for this local atelier, could be the residue that's left over from the current Chinese sawmill.

By recycling the saw dust into newly wooden boards, Zaton could develop a circular economy. The reintro-duced wooden crafts ateliers, strengthened by an educational and vocational school, could be integrated and work together with the existing wood industry around Irkutsk.

The development of Zaton into a productive part of the city, would provide socio-economic-ecological benefits on different scales.

Social links are formed by opening up the territory and integrate existing habitants with new users. Local employment would be created and the vocational school will enhance skills to restore wooden heritage and create traditional objects.

Fig. 18. Pilot Project for whole Russia Рис. 18. Пилотный проект для всей России

The wooden industry aids circular economy and takes advantage of the touristic interest in Zaton's newly developed area. By growing a small percentage of wood on the peninsula, the city becomes more self-sufficient and the eco-

logical consequences of illegal deforestation are brought to attention. The pilot project in Zaton brings awareness and tries to change the path of production towards a more sustainable future not only for Irkutsk but also for entire of Russia.

Критерии авторства

Баканова С., Винсент Ван Прает, Кичатинова Н.Л., Тучина О.В., Булли Э. имеют равные авторские права. Баканова С. несет ответственность за плагиат.

Конфликт интересов

Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.

Contribution

Bakanova S., Vincent Van Praet, Kichatinova N.L., Tuchina O.V., Bully E. have equal author's rights. Bakanova S. bears the responsibility for plagiarism.

Conflict of interests

The authors declare no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this article.