CC BY
34
UDC 621.311.24.(524)
I. A. Shumeiko1, S. M. Nurkimbayev2, D. A. Iskakova3
professor, 2graduate student, 3senior teacher S. Toraighyrov Pavlodar State University, Pavlodar
WIND ENERGY USING
In this article, the authors conducted a literature review for the purpose of statement problems and issue, analyze of wind power plants using in practice.
Keywords: wind power plant, renewable resource energy, non-renewable resources.
Nowadays all over the world more and more attention is paid to the development of alternative energy sources, as a progressive increase in the consumption of energy received on the basis of non-renewable resources (stone coal, oil, gas, etc.) that leads to the depletion of natural reserves of fuel and deterioration of environmental conditions.
A characteristic feature of Kazakhstan is a vast territory and thereto related need for power transmission over long distances - the total loss of power in some cases are up to 25-30 % of its consumption. This creates a problem with power supply to remote villages and towns. There is often a need to supply power to particular places remote from power lines - farms, pastures, service points of oil and gas pipelines service, transmission units, etc.
The observations of existing wind power plants and wind-and-water-lifting units in Lebyazhye area of Pavlodar region showed their low efficiency and reliability. Wind turbine «AWEU6-4M» on one of the farms, remote from power lines, was knocked out of action by hurricane winds. Many water - lifting units of backyard production have very low efficiency or are out of order due to their low reliability and resistance to hurricane winds.
Based on observations and analysis of the need for such wind turbines it became necessary to develop high-efficiency wind-driven power plants with a significant resistance to hurricane winds.
Justification of scientific novelty of the project.
In the literature [1] a detailed review of the development of wind power in the Soviet and post-Soviet era is given. It also describes the prospects for the development of rural wind power as well as the principles of propeller-type windmill and the aerodynamic characteristics of wind wheels obtained by calculation. An emphasis is placed on the influence on the torque developed by wind wheel of such parameters as the diameter of wind wheel and the speed of the airflow. However, the influence of other design parameters such as an installation angle, shape of blades, number of blades, the relative area of the blade) on the torque are considered to a lesser extent or not at all considered. There can be also found different designs of speed controllers for the wind wheel of mainly a centrifugal type, where the rigging angle of blades is determined by rotational speed taking place at the moment and not directly by airflow rate. This slows down the response of the unit to changes in airflow rate.
ISSN 1680-9165. №3-4, 2014 r.
A similar analysis of the effect on the value of power developed by the wind wheel is performed in the literature [2]. The influence on the power of the wind wheel design parameters is not considered. It is supposed to use a concentration unit for airflow that significantly increases the value of power. However, the concentration unit is a large part and complicates the design of a wind turbine. The rotational speed control and hurricane protection exercised by outputting wind wheel from the wind considered in the literature [2] are also cumbersome and structurally complex.
In the literature [3] the theoretical aspects of power developed by a wind wheel, depending on the type of the wind wheel and its rapidity have been considered in detail. There are examples of wind power plants of high power and their characteristics. A profound analysis of electrical part of wind turbines has been also made. However, in the literature [3] as well as in the previous sources there is no sufficient information about the influence of the design parameters of the wind wheel on the main characteristics of the wind turbine - time, speed and power developed by the wind wheel. In the literature [4], the theoretical calculations related to the power of the wind flow and its impact on the wind wheel, excluding the impact of its structural elements to develop capacity are presented. It also shows graphic dependence of different nature that is determining the efficiency of wind turbines produced in vivo. However, due to airflow rate changing continually air flow rate the results obtained may not be entirely accurate.
The given experimental studies on the models having a wind wheel with the diameter of 600 mm and a wind tunnel, providing constant air flow rate, have revealed the optimal design parameters (number of blades, blade profile, the angle of installation, the relative area of the blade) on the basis of loss minimization of torque, rotational speed and capacity. The preliminary data are presented in references [5], [6] and [7].
In connection with the need for both the electricity and water supply to farms that are remote from power transmission lines, and pastures - the need to create a multipurpose wind power plant, capable to effectively operate as a power station as well as in the mode of water-and-wind-lifting unit with minimum wind speeds and in both modes simultaneously at the operating wind speed has arisen. And the transition from one mode to another one, or concurrent operation should be carried out simply by switching for one to two minutes.
The high-performance of torque and speed of the wind wheel is to be achieved using optimal design parameters of the wind wheel. The efficiency of hurricane protection and speed control of the wind wheel are supposed to be provided by hurricane protection mechanism with the screen towering over the wind wheel ([7], an innovative patent number 26174 for the invention of «A wind turbine with hurricane protection» d/d 31.08.2012).
The multipurpose wind-driven power plant can be built in three different ways: - as multipurpose, able to operate as a power station, and in the mode of wind-and-water - lifting unit as well as at the same time in either mode; - as the option to work only in the mode of power station; - as the option to work only in the mode of wind-and-water-lifting unit.
In some cases, such as distant pastures, a simple, reliable and highly efficient wind-and-water-lifting unit is required. In other cases, for example, on a farm, a simple, reliable and high-performance (operating at low wind speeds) wind power plant is required. In this regard, the present project aims to work out the designs of a highly efficient wind-and-water-lifting unit and a wind-driven power station.
The significance of the project. Kazakhstan has significant reserves of wind energy. Almost everywhere in Kazakhstan there are functioning farms and pastures. The visit only to Lebyazhye area of Pavlodar region for the purpose of use of wind turbines, has shown their high demand, and in different options. In the case of positive test results of pilot samples proposed for development in this project, they can be recommended for industrial production for the needs of not only in Kazakhstan, but also for export.
The expected in the project wind-driven power plants can be used to save electricity generated by thermal power plants and mainly in rural areas.
The obtained results of scientific research can be used in the design of highly efficient wind turbines with a horizontal axis of any power and any functional purpose.
The leading organization in the field of research and development of technologies similar to those presented for the competition in Kazakhstan is Kazakh Research Institute of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture. Among neighboring countries the competitor may be Russia and among other countries the competitors are Canada, Germany, and Holland.
The research is based on experimental studies of the dependence of output parameters of the wind power plant (the torque produced by the wind wheel, its rotational speed and power) from the input design parameters of the wind wheel (blade shape, in cross section and in frontal view, the number of blades, their relative area as well as several other structural parameters of the wind power plant as a whole.
The research is conducted in laboratory conditions on the models of various designs with a diameter of wind wheel of600 mm using a wind tunnel providing for continuous air flow rate. The studies in vivo cannot provide for reliable results due to continual change of airflow rate. In the course of experimental studies one of design parameters is changed with other conditions being equal, and, mainly, with constant diameter of wind wheel and constant air flow rate (V = 6 m / s, ventilating plant power - 2 kW).
The measurement of torque developed by wind wheel has been performed under the following scheme: determination of compliance of the torque T on the shaft of the wind wheel (WW) with force P (calibration of torque) - construction of calibration curve of the function T = f (P) - creation of the load on the brake drum in the process of experimental studies up to that point VC - fixing the value of force with dynamometer - transference of force into the torque according to calibration graph.
The accuracy of the quantitative evaluation of the torque was confirmed by high degree of convergence of the results of measurements with multiple calibrating under the same conditions.
The rotational speed was determined with an electronic tachometer. The spread of rational speed values with repeat determination of the speed for the same conditions was 2 ... 3 %. Power value is determined by the formula N = T • a.
ISSN 1680-9165. №3-4, 2014 г.
The chosen approach of experimental studies will determine the optimal design parameters of the wind wheel for maximum efficiency in the operation of the designed wind turbines on the basis of loss minimization of torque, speed and power.
LIST OF PEREFERENCES
1 Kharitonov, V. P. Standalone wind power plants. - Moscow, 2006. - 275 p.
2 Yanson, R. A. Wind Turbines. - M. : Bauman MSTU - 2007. - 36 p.
3 Kryvtsov,V. S., Oleynikov, A. M., Yakovlev, A. I. Inexhaustible energy. Book 1. Wind power generators. - Kharkov : «HAI», 2003. - 398 p.
4 Shefter, Y. I. The use of wind energy. - M . : Energoatomizdat, 1983 - 200 p.
5 Bykov, E. N. Substantiation of the parameters of wind energy plant with spiral blades on the basis of experimental studies. Dissertation for the degree of candidate of technical sciences (PhD), St. - Petersburg State Polytechnical University. - St. Petersburg, 2007. - 141 p.
6 Shumeyko, I. A., Koval, Yu. A. Innovative patent number 26174 for the invention of «A wind turbine with hurricane protection». The Committee on Intellectual Property Rights of the Ministry of Justice of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Registered in the national register of the Republic of Kazakhstan 31.08.2012.
7 Nurkimbayev, S. M., Shumeyko, I. A. Improving the efficiency of low-power wind power plants. Proceedings of the international scientific conference of young scientists, graduate students, students and schoolchildren "XIII Satpaev's readings". Volume 12 «Studentter». - Pavlodar, 2013. - P. 136-140.
8 Shumeyko, I. A., Nurkimbayev, S. M. Improving the efficiency of low-power wind power plants. Materialy IX mezinarodni vedecko - prakticka conference «Aktualni vymozenosti vedy - 2013». - Dil 18 Technicke vedy. Zemedelstv : Praha. Publishing House «Education and Scienge». - S. 36-42.
9 Shumeyko, I. A., Nurkimbayev, S. M. Determination of optimal shape and relative area of wind wheel blades for wind-and-water-lifting unit based on modeling. VII International Scientific Conference. Collection of articles. Natural and technical sciences. The Fund of the First President of the Republic of Kazakhstan - the Leader of the Nation. - Almaty, 2013. - P. 154-158.
10 Shumeyko, I. A., Nurkimbayev, S. M., Khristodorov, A. A. Determination of optimal shape and relative area of wind wheel blades for wind-and-water-lifting unit based on modeling. Science and technology in Kazakhstan, № 1. - 2013.
Material received on 15.12.14.
И. А. Шумейко, С. М. Нуркимбаев, Д. А. Искакова
Жел энергиянын колдацу
С. ТораЙFыров атындаFы Павлодар мемлекетлк университет^ Павлодар к.
Материал 15.12.14 баспаFа TYCTi.
И. А. Шумейко, С. М. Нуркимбаев, Д. А. Искакова Использование ветровой энергии
Павлодарский государственный университет имени С. Торайгырова, г. Павлодар. Материал поступил в редакцию 15.12.14.
Авторлар бул мацалада мэселе жэне мiндетi цойылу мацсатпен библиографикалыц шалу вткiзедi, iс-тэжiрбиде желэнергетикалыц цондырыгысыныц талдауын жасайды.
В настоящей статье авторы проводят литературный обзор с целью постановки проблем и задач, анализируют ветроэнергетические установки применяемые на практике.
