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19ФИЛОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
WHAT IS THE ESSAY?
Karamatdinova A.J.
Karamatdinova Ayjamal Jengis kizi - Student, FACULTY OF INTERNATIONAL JOURNALISM, UZBEK STATE UNIVERSITY OF WORLD LANGUAGES, TASHKENT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: this thesis refers to the function of essay in the field of domestic and foreign journalism and its importance in creating more efficient work. With the development of writing and complex forms of creativity and activity, genres are simple and complex. Both of them is connected with the specific nature of a person's nature.
Keywords: small talk; spatial forms; Analysis; communicative strategy; essay-format; non-linearity.
UDC 80
The essay is derived from the French essai - "attempt, "test of strength" (test), "sketch". It comes from the Latin exagium -"weighing". As a result of historical, cultural, and theoretical analysis of the genre of essays, we obtained the definition of an essay as a work that reflects the existential reflection of the author.
If we talk about essayism from an institutional point of view, this is a field of activity in journalism related to satisfying the audience's need for existential (interpersonal) communication. Its appearance is due to the massization (depersonalization) of the products of journalistic activity (especially in the 20th century, "thanks to" the doctrine of objectivity).
If we define essay from this professional point of view, it will be as follows: essay is a public reflection on the existential problems of one's own existence. The key here is the principle of vitality, reflecting the inextricable, direct connection between the real personality of the essayist and the "linguistic personality of the hero of the work.
Today, the widespread dissemination of the essay genre is embodied in such a communicative strategy as essayization, which is so popular for domestic and foreign journalism. Its essence lies in the individual, personal perception and reproduction (interpretation) of the observed life situations and problems of being. Its distinctive qualities reflect the natural course of human thought and consist in the associativity of the content, a certain fragmentation ("non-linearity") of the narrative, compositional and stylistic freedom.
Essays and essays are a topic for a separate discussion (see below), now it's enough to note the fact that essays belong to journalism (along with media and sociocritics), and it is better to replace the "communicative strategy" of essaying with the concept of "essay-format".
The very concept of the genre is not new: it is a historically established, stable form of vision and perception of reality by a person (M. Bakhtin). The point is that the whole life stream as a whole, not divided, a person can not perceive. Therefore, the consciousness, in order to exclude overloads and for more efficient work, developed the ability to "analyze" (from lat. Analysis - "to divide"), i.e. choose from the stream of immediate events only the most significant. There are two prerequisites for this.
The first, objective one, is connected with the specific nature of a person's nature, his physiology: a sharp sound, a bright color or a strong smell willy-nilly forced to focus his attention on himself, to distinguish them from the stream of impressions. Other, more complex - subjective - reactions and forms of perception are worked out historically, in the process of development of man and society. For example, in art: thinking with images, sounds, or spatial forms. These include genres. Their task is to simplify as much as possible the perception and comprehension of reality, the transfer of information, experiences / relationships, etc. from person to person.
There are genres simple (primary, speech) and complex (secondary, already associated with the development of writing and complex forms of creativity and activity). The first include such genres as greeting, farewell, congratulation, small talk,
narration (for example, the voice of the author), advice, etc. There are a lot of them. Secondary (complex) - less, they include most written genres (including journalistic), which include various sets of speech.
References
1. Karamatdinova A. Influence of mass media on the development of youth outlook. Scientific journal "European science". № 7, 2020.
2. Karamatdinova A.J., Isomiddinova M. Analytical journalism as a tool for socialization of innorative ideas. Zhurnal "Dostizheniya nauki i obrazovaniya".№ 7, 2020.
3. Karamatdinova A.J. Journalism and world. Zhurnal "Voprosy nauki i obrazovaniya", 2020.
4. Lazutina G.V. Professional ethics of a journalist. Textbook. 3rd ed., interruptions and additions. M.: Aspect Press, 2011.
