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ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
WAYS TO REDUCE INDUSTRIAL NOISE IN THE SECONDARY CRUSHING BUILDING OF THE ZHEZKAZGAN PROCESSING
PLANT
Ahmetbekova A.M.1, Еrkongyr A.K2, Еstayeva D.K.3 Email: Ahmetbekova671@scientifictext.ru
1Ahmetbekova Ardak Mazhitovna - Candidate of Technical Sciences, Docent, Head of the Department; 2Erkonyr Asel Kuntuganovna - Candidate of Technical Sciences, Docent;
3Estaeva Didar Kuanyshevna - Senior Lecturer, DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRIC POWER AND LABOR PROTECTION, UNIVERSITY OF ZHEZKAZGAN NAMED BY O.A.BAIKONUROV, ZHEZKAZGAN, REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Abstract: the article discusses ways to reduce industrial noise in the housing of the average crushing ZhPP №1 Zhezkazgan processing plant №1 LLP "Corporation Kazakhmys", which are aimed at improving the health of employees in the workplace.
This problem is one of the most urgent problems associated with the assessment of the behavior of various structures under the influence of intense impulsive loads that arise during the operation of modern equipment.
Performing work in conditions of strong industrial noise can cause headache, dizziness, loss of concentration. Noise adversely affects the Central nervous and cardiovascular system, the functions of the stomach, endocrine glands and more.
The consequence of the harmful effects of industrial noise can be occupational diseases, increased overall morbidity, decreased performance, increased risk of injury and accidents. In this regard, the theme of the scientific article is very relevant, as safety at work - the key to the success of the manufacturer. These measures will improve the working capacity of workers and create favorable working conditions.
Keywords: bench and mining equipments, gray iron, the damping characteristics, reduction of noise, industrial noise, hearing loss, vibration, maximum permissible level.
ПУТИ СНИЖЕНИЯ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННОГО ШУМА В КОРПУСЕ СРЕДНЕГО ДРОБЛЕНИЯ ЖЕЗКАЗГАНСКОЙ ОБОГАТИТЕЛЬНОЙ ФАБРИКИ
1 2 3
Ахметбекова А.М. , Ерконыр А.К. , Естаева Д.К.
1Ахметбекова АрдакМажитовна - кандидат технических наук, доцент, заведующая
кафедрой;
2Ерконыр Асель Кунтугановна - кандидат технических наук, доцент; 3Естаева Дидар Куанышевна - старший преподаватель, кафедра электроэнергетики и охраны труда, Жезказганский университет им. О.А. Байконурова, г. Жезказган, Республика Казахстан
Аннотация: в статье рассмотрены пути снижения производственного шума в корпусе среднего дробления ЖОФ № 1 Жезказганской обогатительной фабрики № 1 ТОО «Корпорация Казахмыс», которые направлены на улучшение здоровья сотрудников на рабочем месте.
Эта проблема относится к числу наиболее актуальных проблем, связанных с оценкой поведения различных конструкций в условиях воздействия интенсивных импульсивных нагрузок, которые возникают при эксплуатации современного оборудования.
Выполнение работ в условиях сильного производственного шума может вызвать головную боль, головокружение, потерю концентрации. Шум вредно влияет на центральную нервную и сердечно-сосудистую системы, на функции желудка, желез внутренней секреции и другое.
Следствием вредного действия производственного шума могут быть профессиональные заболевания, повышение общей заболеваемости, снижение работоспособности, повышение степени риска травм и несчастных случаев. В связи с этим тема научной статьи является весьма актуальной, так как безопасность труда на производстве - залог успеха производителя. Данные мероприятия позволят повысить трудоспособность рабочих и создать благоприятные условия труда.
Ключевые слова: стендовое и горное оборудование, серое железо, демпфирующие характеристики, снижение шума, производственный шум, потеря слуха, вибрация, предельно допустимый уровень.
УДК 628.517.2:669
Reducing noise in human life becomes an urgent problem. Among all the noises affecting a person is the noise of industrial origin. The production noise level is substantial. This is caused by the use of high-performance machines and a mechanism for increasing working speeds. One of the most common type of industrial noise is mechanical noise. The levels of this noise reaches 120 dB. In many industries pulsed noise, shock, which stand out as very harmful, dominates. Unexpected and shock noises can trigger a startle reaction and inadequate behavior. The peculiar negative effect of noise of shock origin can cause an increase in blood pressure, respiratory rate, sinus arrhythmia and reduce mental performance [1].
Noise harms not only the health of people, but also the economy of the country. Similarly, people busy with mental strain, made a noise of 70 dB and began to make twice as many mistakes than in silence. The efficiency of those engaged in mental work falls by about 60%, and by physical labor - by 30%. The impact noise is most characteristic of industry (concentrator, metallurgy, engineering, transport) and causes the collision of machinery machines and the process of work. This problem is among the most pressing problems associated with the assessment of the behavior of various structures under the conditions of exposure to intense impulse loads that arise during the operation of modern equipment [2].
The consequence of the harmful effect of industrial noise can be occupational diseases, an increase in overall morbidity, a decrease in efficiency, and an increased risk of injuries and accidents [3].
On the territory of the Zhezkazgan industrial site, ZhPP No. 1 is operating, which processes copper ores from the Zhezkazgan deposit.
In the case of secondary crushing of ZhPP No. 1, the sound level is 97 dB. The main noise comes from the operation of the production equipment of the screen.
By sanitary standards, the level of noise parameters is determined in decibels (dB). In industrial premises the noise level should not exceed 75 dB [4].
Pathogenesis. The mechanism of action of noise on the body is complex and not well understood. When it comes to the influence of noise, the focus is usually on the state of the organ of hearing, since the auditory analyzer primarily perceives sound vibrations and its damage is adequate to the effect of noise on the organism. Along with the organ of hearing, the perception of sound vibrations can also be partially carried out through the skin by the receptors of vibration sensitivity.
The changes that occur in the organ of hearing, some researchers explain the traumatic effect of noise on the peripheral part of the auditory analyzer - the inner ear. This also usually explains the primary localization of the lesion in the cells of the internal spiral groove and the spiral organ. It is believed that the mechanism of the action of noise is not an organ of hearing, an essential role is played by the overstrain of the inhibitory process,
which, if there is not enough rest, leads to the depletion of the sound-receiving apparatus and the overvoltage of the cells that make up it. Some authors tend to believe that prolonged exposure to noise causes persistent disturbances in the blood supply system of the inner ear, which are the direct cause of subsequent changes in the labyrinth fluid and money-generating processes in the sensory elements of the spiral organ.
The occurrence of inadequate changes and the response to noise exposure is due to the extensive anatomical and physiological connections of the auditory analyzer with various parts of the nervous system. The acoustic stimulus, acting through the receptor apparatus of the auditory analyzer, causes reflex shifts in the functions of not only its cortical section, but also other organs.
Clinic. The main sign of exposure to noise is hearing loss of the type of cochlear neuritis. Occupational hearing loss is usually bilateral [5].
Medical contraindications to admission at work, associated with exposure to intense noise, is a persistent decrease in hearing, at least in one ear of any etiology.
Persistent changes in hearing due to exposure to noise tend to develop slowly. Often they are preceded by an adaptation to noise, which is characterized by an unstable hearing loss that occurs immediately after exposure and disappears shortly after its cessation. The initial manifestations of professional hearing loss are most often found in persons with work experience in conditions of noise for about 5 years. The risk of hearing loss among those who work at a nine-year duration of exposure to noise is 10% at a level of 90 dB. (scale A), 29% at 100 dB (scale A) and 55% at 110 dB. (scale A).
To reduce mechanical noise, parts made of noiseless materials are used; vibration-absorbing noise in the sources of its formation themselves are enclosed in sound-absorbing housings and in the replacement of the rumble [6].
To reduce the noise in the secondary crushing unit of ZhFU №1, it is proposed to replace the GIT - 71 screen with the VG - 1000 vibrating screen of the "Xythix" (Figure 1).
Characteristics of VG vibrating screen - 1000 "Xytix".
1. Vibrating screen allows you to disperse the ore into fractions. You can also use the vibrating screen to sift large volumes of ore and obtain the final material of the desired fraction. Due to the use of imbalances with low purity and high amplitude of vibration, it is possible to sift wet ore with high productivity.
2. Productivity is up to 20 m3/ hour;
3. Competitive advantages;
• The frame is made of square tube with rigid structural parts. This ensures maximum durability and reliability.
• You can get 3 fractions of a material (type, model) or more on a single vibrating screen.
• Easy grid changing and installation.
• The thought-over design - convenient exits of material and giving are provided.
• High efficiency is achieved through the use of specialty imbalances, rather than typical vibrators.
4. Main characteristics of VG vibrating screen - 1 are given in table 1.
5. Overall dimensions:
LLC "Xitix" produces screens of any size in configurations. The products are of high quality and durability and are supplied not only throughout Russia but also abroad.
Name of indicators Model VG-1-1.2
Installed power. Kwt. 2
Supply voltage. W. 380
Weight 380kg
Productivity 5m3 / hour
Vibrating screens can be made to sift into the desired number of fractions with the required performance. Auto-load and component weighting can also be designed.
VG-1 vibrating screen is made according to world standards - first it is designed on a computer, then parts are made with very high precision on laser cutting and then assembly and painting takes place. Due to this, the equipment produced is of high quality and durability.
The main feature of the VG-1 vibrating screen is polyurethane sieves. Production is carried out by the method of free pouring on modern high-class equipment using high-quality raw materials with strict observance of all requirements for the technological process, which allows for a consistently high level of quality [6].
Specialists of the company, when working with the customer, will provide comprehensive support in matters of the technology of using polyurethane.
Polyurethane property:
• High abrasive resistance. Due to this property, polyurethanes are known in the art. Products from polyurethane are up to 50 times more durable than rubber, plastics, in some applications - non-ferrous and ferrous metals. This durability purely means that polyurethane parts can be made with a lower amount of material, require less maintenance costs, resulting in significant cost savings
• Shore hardness in the range of 30A-80D hardness scale. Polyurethane is one of the toughest, most abrasion-resistant elastomers, not subject to rupture under loads.
• High tensile strength and resistance to the spread of cuts, resistance to cuts. Products from polyurethane retain their shape and mechanical properties after application of cyclic loads.
• High elasticity. Products from polyurethanes well resist repeated bends without destruction. The high strength of polyurethanes allows their use in thin layers to increase elasticity in dynamic applications.
• Coefficient of friction. Polyurethanes can be manufactured with a friction coefficient from very low, like sleeves, bearings or replaceable liners, to very high, like tires or shafts. The natural lubricity of polyurethanes allows their use with other moving parts without lubricants.
• Temperature range of operation of products from -50 to +80 degrees, briefly to -100 degrees. Polyurethanes remain flexible at very low temperatures and have outstanding resistance to thermal shock.
• High elasticity and elasticity in a wide range of hardness, resistance to repeated deformations and bends without fracture. Elongation up to 650%.
• Low residual deformation during unloading. Polyurethanes have high shear capacity
• Good adhesion to most materials. The possibility of manufacturing reinforced parts.
• Good chemical resistance to oils, petroleum, organic solvents.
• The use of polyurethanes allows to reduce the weight of the product up to 50% to reduce the level of vibrations and system noise of working mechanisms in comparison with metals.
• Most polyurethanes are excellent electrical insulators
When replacing the screen, it is first necessary to determine the required acoustic efficiency.
The required acoustic efficiency is determined by the formula:
L eff. = L - Ldop - 5 dB£ (1.1)
Where L is the octave sound pressure level at the calculated point: Lop - permissible sound pressure level at the calculated point (in the workplace), dB.
L eff = 97 - 75 + 5 dB L ef£tr =27 dB
The acoustic efficiency of the screen depends on the soundproofing capacity of its walls, the size of the casing and the source of noise, the presence of a sound-absorbing lining under the casing, on how the screen is installed.
The sound insulation capacity of the walls of the screen is determined by the surface density and cruelty, strongly depends on the shape of the wall (in this case, flat), and its size. In addition, the soundproofing capacity changes with the replacement of the screen [7]. Empirical relationship between these values:
L eff. to = Rk - 10 lg S/S* dB, (1.2)
Where A L eff. to - acoustic efficiency of the casing dB; Rk - soundproofing ability of the screen wall, dB;
Sist - the area of the imaginary surface, closely surrounding the source of noise, m2.
L Ato = 97 - 10 lg80 / 64 dB LA to = 97 - 10 0,12 = 95,8 dB Required soundproofing capacity of the screen Rk.tr. depends on the required effectiveness of the casing and is determined by the formula:
Rt.tr = Lf.k + 10 lg Sk / Sist dB, (1.3)
Where A l eff. to - required acoustic efficiency of the screen, determined by the formula
Rt tr. = 27 + 10lg80 / 64 dB Rt.fr. = 28,2 dB
Based on the calculations, it can be seen that the selected VG - 1 vibrating screen makes it possible to reduce the noise level by 28,2 dB. those to the maximum -permissible level. Thus, to reduce the noise in the secondary crushing case of ZhPP No. 1, the most effective and common method of reducing production noise in the way of its propagation VG-1 vibrating screen is proposed, which will reduce the noise level from 97 dB. Up to 68,8 dB / d.e. to the remote control. This event will increase the working capacity of workers and create favorable working conditions.
Список литературы /References
1 Hakimzhanov T.Ye. Labor Protection Study Guide for Higher Education Institutions -Almaty: Evero, 2006.
2 Ishil Akira. Sound environment and environmental education. Nihon onkyo gakkashi. Acoust. Soc. Jap., 1996. 52. № 10, C.800-804 (RJ Physics 18 - series, consolidated volume, part 2. № 8).
3 Shioda Masazumi. Modern state of research of surrounding vibrations and their prospects. Nihon onkyo gakkashi. Acoust. Soc. Jap., 1996. 52. № 11. C. 896-899. Jap. (RJ "Fizika" 18 - series, consolidated volume. Part 2. № 8, 1997. 21-22 c.).
4 Safety of life. Safety of technological processes and production (Labor protection); Textbook for high schools / P.P. Kukin, V.L. Lapin, E.A. Podgorny and others. 199-318 s.il.
5 Satradian A.L., Suvorov N.A. Process control of flotation plants. M: Subsurface, 1964. 374 pp.
6 Morschinin V.M. Labor protection at concentrators. M.: Nedra, 1986. P. 30.
7 Orlov G.G. Labor protection in construction. Training for builds the specialties of universities. M: Higher. shk., 1984. 343 s.il. 94-103 pp.
