CC BY
14
DOI 10.46566/2225-1545_2021_1_91_450 УДК 338.1
Nosirov B., PhD. associated professor Abdullaev Sh. student Tulakov Sh. student
Andijan Institute of Agriculture and Agrotechnologies
Uzbekistan
WAYS TO INCREASE THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF
VEGETABLE FARMS
Resume. Today, as in almost all sectors of the economy, the large-scale modernization, technical and technological re-equipment of production in the vegetable sector expands the opportunities for the production of competitive products. However, a serious problem is that the cost of some agricultural products remains high, which harms their competitiveness. One of the main ways to solve such problems on farms is to increase economic efficiency through the implementation of new innovative agricultural technologies.
Key words: economic efficiency, vegetable farms, variable costs, fixed costs, innovative agrotechnologies.
As a result of reforms in the agricultural sector of the economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan, farms have become the main producer of agricultural products. It is known that the existing natural conditions in Uzbekistan allow for the sustainable development of agricultural products, especially vegetables. This requires, first of all, to focus on increasing the economic efficiency of enterprises specializing in vegetable growing. Improving the economic efficiency of vegetable farms in a market economy is one of the least studied research problems today. The cost of production in agricultural enterprises is growing from year to year. However, there is a gap between the increase in costs and the increase in the price of the product, which is growing and affecting the level of economic efficiency. Opportunities to raise funds to finance reproduction are dwindling. Improving economic efficiency in agricultural enterprises using modern technologies and foreign experience is of great scientific, theoretical and practical importance.
Increasing the economic efficiency of vegetables as an important sector of agriculture has been studied by researchers and practitioners as a general economic problem. However, most of these studies were conducted in conditions where the legal and economic independence of economic entities was not ensured, and there were insufficient conditions for the materialization of
scientific and practical proposals in this area to the real economic conditions. Or they may not be in line with the current political system. Now it is necessary to advance new research, views, and opinions that can be realized in a market economy, based on the study of various views and concepts in the existing scientific literature.
Today, as in almost all sectors of the economy, the large-scale modernization, technical and technological re-equipment of production in the vegetable sector expands the opportunities for the production of competitive products. However, a serious problem is that the cost of some agricultural products remains high, which harms their competitiveness.
One of the main ways to solve such problems on farms is to increase economic efficiency through the implementation of new innovative agricultural technologies.
Uzbekistan has favorable natural conditions for growing fruits and vegetables. Here it is possible to get a very high yield following the rules of agrotechnics. The cultivation and export of vegetables in the country are constantly growing.
The establishment of vegetable farms around major cities and industrial centers through the specialization of farms has fully justified itself and allowed to grow a rich harvest. These farms are more productive and less expensive. The concentration of vegetables growing on specialized farms is a prerequisite for improving the system of preparation of these products.
There are no clear boundaries in the theoretical interpretation of economic efficiency indicators in vegetables. Therefore, the question of determining the ratio of these indicators remains open. It is important to clarify this issue and select the most appropriate solution as a starting point for studying and evaluating cost-effectiveness. Based on the views and opinions of scientists who have researched the methodology of assessing economic efficiency to date, they can be conditionally divided into two groups. Scientists in the first group believe that the criterion of economic efficiency should be unique. In their opinion, this indicator should have a general character and reflect the economic efficiency in an objective and complete way.
Efficiency is one of the main indicators of the level of economic efficiency of a farm and represents the profit per unit of expenditure. Profitability, by its nature, allows you to assess the potential of the network based on a final, general conclusion about the economic efficiency of the network. This means that the level of profitability depends not only on the profit but also on the cost of the product. The cost of a product consists of the money spent on its production, the cost of materials, and labor. Cases of wage reduction in the cost structure to increase profitability by reducing costs will lead to a violation of the system of material interests in the transition to a market economy. In this regard, ensuring the optimality of these two ratios in the cost structure is a key requirement of a market economy.
Every farm manager must first understand the extent to which each type of expenditure affects productivity and make expenditures accordingly. Several indicators are used to assess the cost-effectiveness of cultivating vegetables on farms.
Production costs can be divided into fixed and overhead costs, direct and indirect costs, simple and complex costs, and constant and conditional variable costs, depending on the volume of production.
The economic efficiency of a farm is formed in proportion to the optimal planning of variable and fixed costs. Fixed costs do not depend on the volume of output. For example, land tax, depreciation of some fixed assets (depreciation amount), etc. Variable costs are directly related to changes in the volume of output. These include seeds, seedlings, mineral, and local fertilizers, feed, fodder, labor costs, electricity, and other costs.
The final indicator of the economic efficiency of a farm is profitability, which is the ratio of farm profits to total production costs as a percentage. At the current stage of economic development, the optimal rate of return that can provide reproduction is 45-50%.
The value of the material resources supplied to the farm should be reconsidered in proportion to the agricultural products supplied by the farm. This is since the cost of material and technical resources in the structure of variable costs is very high, which creates specific difficulties.
It is necessary to stop the growth of variable costs and the cost of production through the introduction of new modern technologies and then achieve a reduction, optimal planning. It is necessary to take measures to optimize the level of profitability of production based on the use of effective technologies for growing vegetables on the farm.
It is necessary to pay more attention to increasing the share of variable costs and material costs in the structure of production costs on the farm to 5060% and to improve their composition. This is because it includes fertilizers, seeds, fuels and lubricants, works, and services that directly affect crop yields.
In the future, it is necessary to pay more attention to the organization of technology for the storage and processing of agricultural products on the farm, as well as to attract foreign direct investment in this process. This will provide the farm with the financial resources needed to increase its economic independence.
The head of the farm should optimally allocate variable and fixed costs in proportion to the organizational and economic basis of the farm.
By combining all of the above arrangements, it is possible to reduce the variable costs of growing a single crop on a farm and further increase economic efficiency. To do this, it is recommended to create a special program that includes the above arrangements.
References:
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