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11ECONOMIC SCIENCES
WAYS OF REDUCING THE FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE EMERGENCE OF POVERTY IN
UZBEKISTAN
Boyev Kh.,
professor of the Department «Taxesand Insurance» of Tashkent State University of Economics candidate of Economic Sciences Adilov B.
docent of the Department «regional economy and management»
of National University of Uzbekistan, candidate of Economic Sciences
Abstract
The article discusses ways to reduce the negative factors leading to poverty in Uzbekistan, and reduce negative factors by improving the system and developing various sectors of the economy.
Keywords: increasing the welfare and employment of the population, reducing poverty, economic reforms, social poverty.
Introduction. The President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev, in his appeal to the Oliy Majlis on January 24, 2020, emphasized that «in the last three years» we will continue large-scale social reforms to radically improve the lives of our people, based on the principle that human interests take precedence. To this end, one of our main tasks will be to increase the welfare of the population and strengthen its social protection. It is no secret that the majority of the population in the regions, especially in rural areas, does not have a sufficient source of income. As in any country, we have a poor population. Indeed, in his address to the Oliy Majlis on December 29, 2020, President Shavkat Mirziyoyev said that the government will take all necessary measures to solve the problem of poverty, which has not been recognized for centuries, and ensure the well-being of our people. It is necessary to implement a comprehensive economic and social policy to fully realize its potential and create new jobs. In order to reduce poverty, it is necessary to improve the situation in the country, that is, democratic economic freedom, investment, modernization of the economy, the introduction of new techniques and technologies in the economy. As a result of the transition to a market economy, the form of ownership changed and the consciously active part of the population became the owner of the property to the best of its ability, and the owners became richer than the others. As a result, the rich and the poor work side by side as a class in society.
Relevance of the research topic. The fact that the population of Uzbekistan is growing year by year, but the production of food products necessary for consumption is lagging behind the growth of the population, as well as the presence of a population in different countries of the world in need of social protection now more than 35 percent of the world's children are not protected social The number of permanent residents of the Republic of Uzbekistan increased by 34.6 million to March 3, 2021. In comparison with 1991, 12.5 million people were killed. To the person, that is,
he grew 56 percent. Of these, 17.4 mln men, 17,2 mln formed women
Putting the problem. Since the last period of the country's market economy, our government has been taking measures to protect its population and prevent its population from becoming poor. Despite this, the poor layer of the population in the country needs protection, as well as much work is being done to improve the living standards of citizens living at the level where the population of the population should be protected socially. This means that life requires us to further improve our social protection policies.
Purpose of the study. Priority directions of development of economy and development of the Republic of Uzbekistan: social protection of its population through restoration of affordable housing, promotion and development of five important initiatives of the president to achieve the satisfaction of the needs of the needy is to identify ways of creating targeted social protection.
In the speech of the president of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev at the solemn ceremony dedicated to the International Women's day on March 6, 2021, under the leadership of the Ministry of neighborhood and family support, a working group of the Republic was established and problems were identified in all regions that were torturing women. We have introduced a completely new system - the "women's book"for carrying out targeted work on these problems, in the next 3 months the problems of 80 thousand women and girls included in this "note-book"by the Republican commission have been solved. 32 thousand of women in need of Social Protection, living conditions were provided with jobs. Practical assistance was provided to 17 thousand women and girls who were deprived of the funds of the anti-Crisis Fund. Only within the framework of the program «every family - entrepreneur» about 126 thousand women were granted preferential loans. For the development of family entrepreneurship, more than 6 trillion soums were allocated to nearly 215 thousand families. About 55 thousand women were
trained by the Centers of entrepreneurship and professional activity, were involved in work and home-based work. This is one of the processes leading to a double reduction in the number of low-income families in Uzbekistan until 2030. It is no secret that the majority of the population in the regions, especially in the villages, does not have enough sources of income. As in any country, we also have low-income population strata. In his address to the Oliy Majlis, the president of our country, according to various calculations, the low-income population is about 12-15 percent. In this place, it is not small numbers, but the life of our population of 4-5 million people. Vividly discerning poor
people these are those who have become unfit for old age labor, those who have become disabled from youth, families with many children, those who have been deprived of their breadwinner for various reasons, those who are unemployed, students, pensioners these are constantly low-income population strata. So their daily income does not exceed 10-13 thousand rubles. To date, providing the poor family with personal computers is 12 times more than the average family in the Republic, cars-11 times, air conditioners-8 times, vacuum cleaners-4 times, washing machines-4 times, refrigerators-2 times, TVs-1.5 times and mobile phones-1.5 times less.
The share of low-income population in Uzbekistan. In %
Population 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
The share of low-income population 13,3 12,8 12,3 11,9 11,4 11,0
*According to the recommendation of the World Bank, the indicator of the low-income level is calculated from 2100 kcal per day
According to the Deputy Prime Minister of the Republic of Uzbekistan - Minister of Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Jamshid Kochka-rov, 409,000 families in Uzbekistan are included in the «Iron Book».The number of members of their families is 1 million 726 thousand people, and the number of unemployed in these families is 396 thousand people. The only opportunity for Uzbekistan is firmly working on the basis of the program of economic independent development developed by the leadership of the Republic. As a result, in a short period of time Uzbekistan, having studied the advanced experience of economically developed countries, is engaged in providing its population with employment through a strong social protection policy, providing financial assistance to the needy, as well as through a centralized system of social protection of the neighborhood, enterprises and organizations, as well as the state, in order to prevent This reduces the level of poverty to a certain amount.
Factors that enhance poverty:
- Slowdown of economic reforms, increase in the level of inflation in the country, low level of use of advanced techniques and technology, insufficient financial resources;
- Corruption in the country, crime, non-working in some strata of the population of disagreement in families, laziness, laziness, etc.
- Deterioration of the health of the population the prevalence of karanavirus infectious diseases disability, old age, growth, etc.
- Unfavorable natural conditions, the arrival of hot air in excess of the norm, the coming of drought early frosts, disease of plants, extinction of livestock and poultry from the disease.
- Excessive pollution of the environment, lack of drinking water for the population, salinity of arable land and decreased productivity.
- Migration of lands to occur phenomena, overgrowth of desert zones, overgrowth of swamps, the possibility of land use, etc.
If we talk about those who bring their population to poverty, then the following can be attributed to them:
- What kind of understanding of Xech about private property in society did not work only for the well-being of society, but also became the main motto.
- In the process of restoring the economic system based on market relations, the relations between the farms were disrupted, the enterprises were given up, and the material situation worsened as the workers lost their income.
- With the newly restored market relations, sharp contradictions arose among the old-fashioned economy. As the problem of commodity production and sales arose, the workers fell into poverty grip without receiving wages because the enterprise could not sell their tokens.
- The balance between production and consumption is broken down there is a decrease in production, but the level of consumption in society does not decrease, but rather increases.
- Work was carried out on the basis of Administrative Co-operation, not paying attention to the openness of the economy, taking into account the risk of giving economic freedom in the society.
- As a result of the increasing number of social problems in the country, budgetary funds have been aggravated by the economic management and control of the society.
- The reason for doing this is the overbought of poverty among the population due to the very shortening of income in the country. Therefore, the state should be able to intervene in the economy without gas.
- Especially because of independence, the reserves of our country, which for hundreds of years remained at the disposal of Russia. In the first years of independence, our republic fell into a difficult economic situation.
Studies have shown that poor families spend their composed income solely on the purchase of food, therefore, when we study family income and expenses, the money spent on food is of primary importance in the expenditure that the family makes. In our country, low-income families spend 60-90 percent of their income on food, while families with medium income spend 42 percent of their total income on food, while high - income families spend 23-28 percent of their income on food purchases.
The composition of the total
income of the population of Uzbekistan. In %
No Name of indicators 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Jan-Dec 2020
Total revenues 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0 100,0
Including:
I First revenues 75,6 83,1 84,0 79,1 76,1 74,9 74,5
that:
1. Revenues from production 73,2 80,8 80,9 75,8 73,0 72,0 71,5
2. Revenues from property 2,4 2,3 3,1 3,4 3,1 2,9 3,0
II Revenues from transfers 24,4 16,9 16,0 20,9 23,9 25,1 25,5
If we study poverty by degrees, they are divided into groups.
The first group is ordinary poverty, and the income that the family members earn is spent on the desire for food of the family members. But this income does not reach the other expenses of the family, but the necessary living means that a person consumes on a daily basis, the income is mainly spent on food and the cheapest clothing and some types of services. This type of poverty is forced to satisfy only the existence of a person by depriving him, his family members of the purchase of the necessary tokens for his need. We saw the originality of ordinary poverty.
The second group is extreme poverty the meaning embodied in this sentence is education to a lower
level of life than ordinary poverty. The Income found is necessary for the need, the consumer does not even reach the tavarlarina. The extreme poor have no other options than to spend their basic income solely on the purchase of food, in which the consumer is reduced compared to the ordinary poor, and the possibility of paying for various services is generally limited.
The third group does not have the means to satisfy the population of the poorest layer even the most minimal consumption, in which it is always sad not to feel hungry, they are different from the above groups, with the hope that tomorrow will fade. Sources of income that keeps the population from falling constantly in the poverty layer are not always present in the current.
Information on income of the population
No Name of indicators 2016 2017 2018 2019 Jan-Dec 2020
1. Total income of the population, mlrd,soums 185036,5 220811,8 282762,5 346461,5 401501,5
Compared to last year,in% 116,6 119,3 128,1 122,5 115,9
2. Total revenues per capita, thousand soums 5810,0 6817,6 8580,0 10317,4 11728,8
Compared to last year,in % 114,6 117,3 125,9 120,2 113,7
3. Real total income of the population, mlrd soums 175273,8 201709,9 240587,5 302507,2 355531,3
Compared to last year, in % 110,4 109,0 109,0 107,0 102,6
4. Total revenues per mining population, thousand soums 5503,5 6227,8 7300,2 9008,4 10385,9
Compared to last year, in % 108,5 107,2 107,1 105,0 100,7
With the decree of the president of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated April 27, 2020 № 5986, the amount of tax-free material assistance has been increased from 4.22 times to 7,5 times (the minimum amount of payment for Labor).
President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shav-kat Mirziyoyev stated that the rate of poverty has deepened in the meeting of the videoselektor on measures aimed at reducing poverty through the development of entrepreneurship on February 27, 2020, ".. .we have so far come to the fact that the majority of our citizens do not see or hear that they are really poor. It is no longer necessary to hide, it will be necessary to understand the original problem, the situation of our people living in difficult conditions, to change our worldview of leaders of all categories. According to us, the Kashkadarya region is the hardest region on the problem of poverty. The population of 700 thousand is poor. It accounts for about 21 percent of the total population. In this situation, leaders in Qashqadaryo can not sit in one place. The question of
how to get people out of such a difficult situation should be asked himself. In addition, 500 thousand people in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, 500 thousand in the Surkhandarya region, 400 thousand in the Namangan region, 210 thousand in the Jizzakh region and 130 thousand in the Sirdarya region are poor.
Speaking about the fight against poverty in Uzbekistan, we must take into account that the causes of poverty are very different for people of different ages, men and women living in different regions, cities or villages. In this regard, the fight against cambahism is a very complex and multifaceted task. Of course, social support for the low-income strata of the population is necessary, but taking into account the various causes of poverty, any significant achievements in the fight against it can be achieved only when conditions are created in which people can independently solve their material problems and provide themselves with the necessary income.
It can be said in place of the conclusion that finding ways to reduce poverty even in the event of
complete loss is the main task facing a harrowing state, these are:
- to stimulate economic activity in the poor, that is, entrepreneurial characteristics, to develop measures for the acquisition of education, the use of cultural, social spheres, to create jobs in the labor market. First of all, to create conditions and opportunities for the poor to earn money, to live in the dark, developed on various shelves of our society;
- Development of social programs on health care, vocational orientation, participation of low-income and poor population as one of the first in these programs and wide decision-making of healthy lifestyle among the population;
- to provide financial assistance of the state and enterprises to the poor and to develop charity and sponsorship. Although this tool is necessary, it does not encourage activity, giving birth to a fattening mood. That is why this path is aimed at people who are not able to feed themselves, for example, disabled people and families with many children, as well as to facilitate them in the opening of abilities and opportunities for employment;
- Some people who voluntarily choose poverty on their own, these are those who prefer to live on ac-
count of accidental income, the help of sponsors, and those who prefer to walk in vain ( homeless, unemployed, bombers) to take decisive measures - that is, to involve the relevant state bodies, family and neighborhood.
References
1. Address of the president of the Republic of Uzbekistan to the Oliy Majlis. // People's questions., 2020 year 25 January.
2. Decree of the president of the Republic of Uzbekistan on measures to ensure more effective organization of the process of acquisition of rights over land parcels and other immovable property as part of the South Caucasus pipeline expansion project more 18.02.2020 y. PQ. № 4602.
3. Boev X.I. Improving social protection of the population in the current conditions. // Innovation: Journal of Economics and science. It's 2019y. №2.
4. Boev X.I. Organization and management of social protection of the population. Monographs. -T.2012 year.
5. www.stat.uz - State Statistics Department of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
IMPROVEMENT ACCOUNTING AND INFORMATION SUPPORT OF MANAGEMENT INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES
Andrushko R.,
PhD in Economics,
associate professor of the department of accounting and taxation
Myronchuk Z.
PhD in Economics,
associate professor of the department of accounting and taxation Lviv national agrarian university, Lviv, Ukraine
Abstract
Modern aspects of innovative activity of agricultural enterprises are stated and the expediency of effective management of innovative development is pointed out. The theoretical essence of the term "agroinnovation" in the accounting system of agricultural enterprises is substantiated. In order to increase the innovative activity of agricultural enterprises and the adoption of sound decisions by management staff, the process of organizing the accounting of costs for agro-innovation has been improved. Solving these problems will move to a new level of accounting and increase its analyticity in the management system of the enterprise.
Keywords: Innovative activity agroinnovation, innovative development, management accounting, agricultural enterprises.
The current state of the agricultural sector is due to the global impact of technological modernization, which is not always appropriate and does not meet the real needs and capabilities of agricultural producers. Agrarian enterprises, striving to adhere to the basic principles of innovative development must take into account the features and capabilities of the domestic agricultural market and the need for environmental safety.
The analysis of the current formal norms in the field of agricultural relations shows that both conceptually and in terms of applied nature, institutional regulation of innovation is carried out in the absence of a unified system approach, clear methodology and comprehensive assessment of transformations.
Agricultural enterprises should be interested in combining their interests and efforts in the creation and application of new technologies in order to enter the domestic and foreign markets with competitive products [9].
Most of the enterprises of agroindustrial complex do not single out such an object of management accounting as innovation costs, there is no established system of operational accounting.
Foreign scientists Drucker P., Santo B. and others made a significant contribution to the development of world scientific thought regarding the theory of innovations. Reflection of the theoretical essence of innovative development of the agricultural sector of the economy is considered in the works: Datsiy O., Kot O., Savchuk V., Sadykov M., etc.
