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30HISTORICAL SCIENCES
Ibodullayeva Gulkhayo
2nd year Graduate Student of the Faculty of History of National University of Uzbekistan.
DOI: 10.24411/2520-6990-2020-12151 "UZBEKISTAN'S MODEL" OF INTER-ETHNIC RELATIONS
Abstract:
Uzbekistan is a country where many nationalities and ethnic groups live. Such a situation requires government of Uzbekistan to conduct effective and rational national policy which takes into account the rights and interests of all citizens regardless of their nationality, religion, language and culture. This paper shows the experience of Uzbekistan in development of national policy in multi-ethnic and multi-religious conditions.
Key words: national policy, tolerance, inter-ethnic relations, ethnic groups, legislation.
I. INTRUDUC TION.
Today, interethnic peace and stability prevailing in the territory of Uzbekistan - is the result of a rational national policy implemented in our country. The level of democracy in any country is determined by ensuring the equal rights, irrespective of nationality, race, religion, social origin and status. Since Uzbekistan goes towards the creation of a democratic state, a free and fair civil society, this issue has been receiving special attention from the very first days of independence.
As the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh. Mirziyoyev noted, "... Representatives of different nations and peoples, cultures and religions have lived in peace on our ancient and generous land for many centuries. Hospitality, kindness, generosity and true tolerance are inherent in our people and form the basis of its mentality". [Mirziyoyev SH.M., Speech at the meeting dedicated to the 25th anniversary of the Republican International Cultural Center // Xalqso'zi. 2017].
Uzbekistan has always distinguished with the spirit of international respect and harmony in multi-ethnic and multi-religious conditions. If we look at history, according to the census in 1897 representatives of more than 70 nations and nationalities lived in Uzbekistan. According to the census in 1959, 113, and according to the census in 1989, 123 nations and nationalities lived in Uzbekistan.
We know from the former Soviet-era history that not concerning about satisfaction of the social, spiritual and educational needsof the representatives of the various nationalities in multi-ethic conditions eventually leads to serious consequences. Because, at that time, a growing interest of each nationin the study of its own history, culture, language and traditionswas assessed as the growth of nationalism. In fact, "any nation, no matter how small it is - is human wealth and destruction of national unity, its language, cultural and other fea-tureswill lead to impoverishment ofcultural and genetic capabilities on the earth".
At the same time, the stability of internal political situation, national security and socio-economic development depend onthe parity basis of interethnic relations. Historical and international experiences show that multi nationality will serve as a motivating factor in the development of the society in countries where
provided harmony in inter-ethnic relations. On the contrary, there are also examples showing that the wrong approaches to inter-ethnic relations, the lack of equality and harmony among themlead tosocial and political disaster and even to wars.This issue requiring vigilance and flexible approach is also very important for our Republic. Today, more than 130 nations and nationalities live in our country. More than 75 percentages of the population are Uzbeks;about 20 percentages are Russians, Tajiks, Kazakhs, Tatars, Karakalpaks, Koreans, Kyrgyz and Turkmens. In the content of the remaining 5% we can see more than 120 nationalities and ethnics [Xonnazarov Q., 1998].
II. METHODS.
The first steps in this direction have been started since 1989. In the same year,the public organizations -national and cultural centers were being built up. On January 13, 1992, the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan adopted the decision "On the Republican International Cultural Center". It defines that the center, through the coordination of activations of national and cultural centres will contribute to promotion of ideas of friendship, peace and harmony among the various ethnic groups;instila sense of common interest; develop the culture of inter-ethnic relations. These principles are the main directions of national policy, and national cultural centers is one of the main mechanisms for its implementation.
In addition, on October 21, 1989, there was accepted the low of the Republic of Uzbekistan "State language". It gave the status of State language for the Uzbek language, and identified the respect and guarantee of the prosperity of the languages of other nations. The basic principles ofthe national policy of Uzbekistan were reflected in the Declaration of Independence adopted in the second session of the Supreme Council on June 20, 1990, and in the laws "On the Protocol of Supreme Council on the independence of the Republic of Uzbekistan" and "On the State Independence of the Republic of Uzbekistan" adopted on August 31, 1991.
In particular, the Declaration of Independence adopted on June 20, 1990 states: "The Supreme Council of Uzbekistan, on the basis of general discussion, announces about the decision to establish a democratic state, gives guarantee to the legal, political,
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economic, ethnicand cultural rights of of all nationalities and ethnic groups living inUzbek SSRas well as to the development of their native languages" [O'zbekiston Respublikasining Davlat mustaqilligi to'g'risidagi hujjatlar, 1991].
And the "The Protocol of the Supreme Council on the State Independence of the Republic of Uzbekistan" states that the government of the countryendeavoursto build a democratic statethat ensure decent life for every person, the honor and dignity of the human living in the territory of the republic regardless of their religious beliefs and social background.
The law "On the independence of the Republic of Uzbekistan" is givenmuch attentionto this issuetoo. In particular, it notes that the stateis partial to socio-political, economic, especially, cultural development of all nations and ethnic groups living in country. These provisions were further developed and strengthened in the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan adopted on December 8, 1992.
Thus, in the initial period of independencea solid legal foundation of national policy carrying out inter-ethnic relations was created. And this presented real opportunities to solve national issue without any political interference and discrimination of representatives of other nationalities.
III.RESULTS.
In development of national policy of Uzbekistan in the conditions of independence and its implementation, by taking into accountthe past history, spirituality and education, concentration on the world experience and approach to national issues taking place in the process of globalizationwith serious attention have got the decisive role. Therefore, at the present day the issues of interrelationship within nationalities are getting strategic importance.
In the period when the process of the establishment of democratic legal state and a fair civil society, to ensure regional peace and interethnic tranquillityhas a very important role.
The main rules of the national policy of independent Uzbekistan have been announced in the following manner:
- The equal rights of all citizens of the republic regardless of nationality, raceand religious beliefs;
- The priority of the human rights which determines the priority of the person and social justice in the society among all other rights;
- Paying attentionto the rights of minorities,re-specting their languages, traditions and customs, preserving their identity, as well as creating the necessary conditions for the all-round development;
- Focusing on highly developedand social-oriented market economy which provides social protec-tionregardless of nationality of every person, every family;
- Finding out the social-political and peaceful solutions for the conflict situations in theinter-ethnic relations [Murtazaeva R.H., 2007].
The exact mechanism has been developed in our country for implementation of each principle of this national policy. First of all, its solid legal basis - the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan was adopted.
The Constitution is legal guarantee to ensure the equal rights, recognisethe supremacy ofa person, maintain ethnocultural diversity, carry out strong social protection and implement the socio-political and peaceful solutions for the conflict situations in theinter-ethnic relations.
Implementation of tolerance - based national policy, first of all, calls for the development of the education systemwhich is based on this principle. Because the education is the most effective instrument impregnating the ideas of tolerance and internationalism. In addition, to raise the youth which constitutes a significant part of the population of the country with the spirit of internationalism and tolerance is also an important condition to prevent the occurrence of national conflicts in the future.
Conduction of educationin seven languages in our country, particular attention to provide educational institutions with textbooks and training manuals in different languages mean that our country's education system is also based on tolerance. Along with education anyone has an opportunity to show his/her talent regardless of nationality, language, race and religion too.
IV.CONCLUSION.
A guarantee of freedom of conscience which includes rights of anyone to have or not to have religious belief isenshrined in the Article 31 of the current Constitution. At present, 16 representatives of confessions live in our country, and more than 2000 religious organizations have been registered.
Today, representatives of the titular nationalities together with representatives of other nationalities have been contributing to development ofcountry by effective work in various sectors of society, and their work has been getting an appropriate assessment.
Today's changes in the international arena, based on the conditions of globalization, the fifth priority in the Action Strategy for the five directions of development of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2017-2021, aimed at the development of all spheres of society, developed at the initiative of President Islam Karimov. "Security, interethnic harmony and religious tolerance, as well as well-thought-out and practical foreign policy priorities"[Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh.M.Mirziyoyev dated February 7, 2017 "On the Strategy of actions for further development of the Republic of Uzbekistan" // Collection of Legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan. 2017, No. 6, Article 70]are defined as a milestone in the development of interethnic relations in Uzbekistan.At the same time, interethnic harmony, friendship and tolerance play a special role in strengthening not only the domestic policy but also the foreign policy of the independent Republic of Uzbekistan.
References:
1. Mirziyoyev SH.M., Speech at the meeting dedicated to the 25th anniversary of the Republican International Cultural Center // Xalqso'zi. 2017].
2. Xonnazarov Q. (1998). Indopendence and tolerance educatiton. - Toshkent, 1998.
3. Documents about Indopendence of the Republic of Uzbekistan. (1991). T.: Uzbekistan, 1991.
4. Murtazaeva R.H. (2007). Inter national relations and tolerance in Uzbekistan. - Toshkent, 2007.
5. O'zbekiston Respublikasi Oliy Majlisning Axborotnomasi.(1997). T.: O'zbekiston, 1997, 9-son, 225-modda.
6. Ata-Mirzaev O., Gentshke V., Murtazaeva R (1998). Uzbekistan mnogonatsionalniy: istoriko-demograficheskiy aspect. T.: 7.
7. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh.M.Mirziyoyev dated February 7, 2017 "On the Strategy of actions for further development of the Republic of Uzbekistan" // Collection of Legislation of the Republic of Uzbekistan. 2017, No. 6, Article 70
