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166USING THE DIRECT METHOD IN TEACHING TO IMPROVE STUDENTS'
SPEAKING
Fazilat Yuldoshova Farangiz Khudoyorova
Samarkand State Institute of Foreign Languages
ABSTRACT
Main aims of the article are implementing direct method to teach vocabulary at elementary school and explaining the students' response of direct method to teach vocabulary at elementary school. The data were collected through observation, interview and questionnaire. The data were analyzed through descriptive qualitative. Based on the results of data analysis, it is known from the student activity in the first meeting until the third meeting. Teacher implemented six until seven principles of direct method and used appropriate media (pictures or real object) in each meeting. It is good enough. The result on the students' response, students has shown that learning by using direct method can help students in the vocabulary learning process. Students can easy to remember new vocabulary, to understand, to enrich their vocabulary and motivated students to more active in learning vocabulary.
Keywords: Direct method, tnglish language, language skills,
Introduction
English is one of the languages in the world which is used by many people in a lot of countries. This is the main factor why English has become one of the languages that must be learned in schools or in institutions. It also makes the English qualified as a primary requirement to communicate in the global communication. Mastery of English is necessary, considering this language is an international language that is used by many people in the world. Same with other languages, English also has a basic skill that must be owned by the language. Language skills that must be mastered in communication in general are four, namely listening, speaking, reading and writing. The four language skills are then used as a measurement of a language comprehension. One of the examples is speaking skill. Speaking skill becomes a parameter to measure a person's ability to communicate. The evident is when someone speaks, people will easily assess the language ability of a person if the person is mastering the language that he uses. This is what makes the researcher focused on the speaking skill. English teaching method is the method that the teachers use to teach English in some ways. There are many kinds of methods in English teaching, one of the methods is the Direct Method (DM). The Direct method receives its name from the fact that meaning is to be connected directly with the target language, without going through the process of translating into the students' native language (Larsen, 1986). In the Direct Method, the
class teaching exclusively done by using the target language (Rodgers, 1986). Based on its definition, the Direct Method of English teaching concerns to the using of the target language to communicate. Research Methodology
The Direct Method concerns itself to guide the students directly practicing a language. Especially English, there are many things that a teacher can implement to teach English by using the Direct Method. For example, the teachers asks the students to read a passage loudly. When a student read a passage or a text loudly, it will make the students stimulated to speak in English. The teacher also can know how the ability of the students in speaking by listening to the students.
Direct method one of the methods in language teaching, especially English teaching method is the Direct Method. The Direct method receives its name from the fact that meaning is to be connected directly with the target language, without going through the process of translating into the students' native language. In the Direct Method, the class teaching process is exclusively done by using the target language (Richards & Rodgers, 1986). So, the direct method is a method of language teaching which concerns its self to communicate directly in the target language. The Direct Method has some characteristics. Richards & Rodgers (1986 : 10) in Tarigan (1991:112) say the characteristics of the Direct Method are:
- The class teaching process is exclusively done by using the target language;
- Only the daily vocabularies are taught;
- The communication skill is created in some intensive steps in the process of discussion between the teacher and the students in a small and intensive class;
- The grammatical is taught in inductive term; - The new points are explained orally; - The concret vocabularies are taught by demonstrating, presenting the objects or pictures; the abstract vocabularies are taught by associating the ideas;
- The speaking and listening understanding are taught; - The right pronunciations are made as the priority.
In the same case, Omaggio (1986 : 57 - 8); Tarigan (1988 : 231 -say that the characteristics of the Direct Method are :
- In learning a language, it should start with the situation 'here and now' by using the class objects and simple things.
- The lesson in Direct Method can be developed by using a picture about the native countries;
- No translation process allowed;
- The right pronunciations are made as the priority.
- The grammar or structure are not taught intensively, because it can be learned by practicing the language;
- The using of dictionary is not allowed. Analysis and results
Direct method is a method of teaching a foreign language, especially a modern language through conversation, discussion and reading, in the language itself, without the use of pupil's language, without translation. The teachers teach words by pointing to object or picture or by performing actions. But some experts don't consider it a method at all. According to them, it s a principle, system that operates through many methods.
1. Direct relation between thought and words - Using this method, a learner things and speaks using the same medium.
2. Oral ( Speaking ) Practice - This method emphasizes on oral practice for everyone.
3.Functional Grammar - This method doesn't put emphasis on theoretical grammar. The main stress is on functional grammar.
4. No use of Mother Tongue - There is the complete prohibition on the use of mother tongue. Therefore, learners' main focus is on learning the Foreign language.
5. Limited Vocabulary - This method advocates the use of limited vocabulary, daily-use words. The words must be from requirement or needs of the learners.
6. Sentence as the unit of speech Here, the unit of speech is a sentence. There is the emphasis on speaking the complete sentences.
There are many methods in English teaching, one of them is the Direct Method. In this research, I choose the Direct Method because the Direct Method is the only method that concerns to the improvement of the speaking skill. But, of course every method has it's own advantages and disadvantages. I find the advantages and the disadvantages of the Direct Method especially in this research. Here they are. Direct Method may make the language learning experience interesting, appealing and lively since all the class always participates in the discussion.
b)It is a natural method of learning. The natural order of learning a language is through the four skills: listening, speaking, reading and writing. That is the way how children learn their L1 in natural surroundings.
c)The classes have much more student talk time (STT) rather than teacher talk time (TTT).
d)The learners who are taught English through this method express themselves adequately in spoken English because they listen to L2 more than L1 during the whole course. This can leave the learners with a sense of motivation when they need to practice, they can understand what people say and do not struggle to express themselves at the basic level.
e)Language is taught by using real-life experience and the learners who learn through this method, they do not have the habit of first thinking in L1 and then
translating the idea into L2. However, the learners who are taught through the Grammar Translation Method find. Conclusion / Recommendations
In the end we can conclude the results related to the problems of the study of this research. First, Direct Method improves learners' English speaking ability by it's principles. One of them is always using full English in the class without using the native language. Second, Direct Method has the advantage and the disadvantage. The advantage of Direct Method is this method is really concerned with the improvement of the ability of speaking, so Direct Method can be a very effective method that can be applied to improve learners' English speaking ability. The disadvantage of Direct Method is this method can not be used to all of levels of learners. It just can be used to the learners who have the basic of English, because no native language will be used in the class which applies this method. Based on the result of the analysis, the researcher concluded that the students' progress during the teaching and learning activity by using Direct Method is running well.
Firstly, the observation conducted in three times. From the each meeting result, teacher implemented six until seven principles of direct method and used appropriate media (pictures or real object). The implemented direct method can be average 54%. Related to the percentage results in the application of the direct method, it can get the result that the learning process carried out in the classroom has been going well.
Secondly, Analysis of the responses of students with the number of 15 respondents and 20 items questionnaires (13 is positive statements and 7 is negative statements) got an average response score of 50% in strong category. It can be interpreted that students have a good reaction to learning by using direct method. Students can easy to remember new vocabulary, to understand, to enrich their vocabulary and motivate students to more active in learning vocabulary. It can get the result that students have a good response to learning vocabulary by using direct method.
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