78USE OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK
Ikbol Gaybullayevna Djurayeva
English teacher, school
ABSTRACT
The point of the current paper is to show a few issues of translation phraseological units from English into Uzbek language considering them linguacultural highlights. The language culture of the individual is shaped at association of wonders "culture of language" and "culture of discourse". In its premise the information on standards of composed and oral discourse, semantic and expressive chances of framework, investigation of excellent workmanship, publicist and some different writings lays.
Keywords: Phraseological units, linguaculturalogy, equivalent, culture of speech, transformation, component.
Learning the vocabulary of any language is always an interesting learning process. Learning English vocabulary can be boring or interesting. Just take the words from the dictionary and teach them how a poem alone can be a boring thing, but if you will, learn words in a group with friends, this process will seem very interesting and not very difficult occupation, process. In the context of interactive learning, knowledge takes on different forms. On the one hand, they represent certain information about the world around them. The peculiarity of this information is that the student receives it not in the form of a ready-made system from the teacher, but in the process of their own activity. The teacher must create situations in which the student is active, in which he asks, acts.
Research on the issues of correspondence between societies what's more, people groups is getting increasingly escalated. In this way, language, being a significant methods of concentrating data about the world, simultaneously goes about as the main sign of a specific group. It is in language that the attitude of individuals, their brain research, customs and mores are most obviously communicated. It is a methods for making public writing, the principle archive of data about a specific group. The public mindset is showed in the impression of the characteristics of life, customs, history and culture, basically phraseological units. One of the highlights of sayings is to give individuals an appraisal of the target marvels of the real world, consequently communicating the
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perspective. In the phraseological units is communicated the particular outlook, a method of judgment, the element sees; they show the life and life, soul and temper, habits and customs, convictions and strange notions. Etymological and social examination of phraseological units is married to outside factors: the set of experiences of the country, its way of life, regular daily existence, and so forth the Study of phraseological units in the etymological furthermore, social perspective assists with explaining, and at times to set up extra semantic shades with public and social semantics.
In the idiomatics of the language, that is, in the layer that is, by definition, nationally specific, the system of values, public morality, attitude to the world, to people, to other peoples is displayed. Phraseological units most clearly illustrate the way of life, geographical location, history, and traditions of a particular community United by a single culture.
Issues of translating phraseological units from English into Uzbek, considering their etymological and social attributes, is viewed as quite possibly the most troublesome sorts of interpretation changes. The object of interpretation isn't a language framework as a deliberation, be that as it may, a particular discourse work in another dialect (the first content), based on which another discourse work in another dialect (the interpretation text) is made. The reason for the interpretation
is to familiarize the peruser (or audience) who doesn't have the foggiest idea about the first language as intently as conceivable with this content (or the substance of oral discourse).
Problems of phraseology are extremely important both for practice and for translation theory; they often present great practical difficulties and arouse great theoretical interest, since they are related to the difference in semantic and stylistic functions performed in different languages by words of the same real meaning, and to the difference in combinations that such words enter into in different languages. This paper discusses only some of the many problems of translating phraseological units. It is usually accepted to indicate the equivalent of a phraseological unit to a word. However, the theory of complete equivalence is becoming obsolete. This does not mean that phraseological units and words have nothing in common, which is considered by the theory of correlation of certain types of phraseological units and words, which, however, is based on slightly different principles. The most characteristic for phraseological turns of stable combinations of words are in principle equal in meaning to a single word, differing from it, as a rule, by a certain expressive and stylistic coloring.
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Some idioms are translated with the help of partial (relative) equivalence. According to E. F. Arsentyeva, such idiomatic expressions are characterized by the minor differences in terms of phraseological expression of the identical semantics that can have a componential or morphological character (Arsentyeva, 1989: 100) The classification of phraseological units also contains the necessary theoretical knowledge for the translator, with which we can identify the phraseological units in the text, then analyze it and, based on the analysis, give the most accurate translation in this context. The most legitimate approach is to consider phraseological units in three aspects: semantic, structural grammatical, and component. Taking into account the marked levels, the following types are distinguished:
1) phraseological equivalents (full and partial) - phraseological units with identical semantics, structural and grammatical organization and with identical component composition;
Red book - Qizil kitob; The black prince -Qora shahzoda; Black list -Qora ro'yxat; Black diamonds - Qora oltin; Keep quiet - Sir saqlamoq; Make conversation - Manosiz suhbatlashmoq; Milk cow - Sog'in sigir; First think, then speak - Avval o'yla , keyin so'yla; The dog bark, but caravan goes on - It hurar , karvon o'tar; Step by step - Qadam ba qadam.
2) phraseological analogs (full and partial) - phraseological units that express the same or similar meaning, but are characterized by a complete difference in the approximate similarity of the internal form;
A black hen lays a white egg - Qora sigir oq sut berar . Cut the melon -foydanib olmoq. Put smb/smth to the test -tekshirib ko'rmoq; Red meat - Qo'y go'shti; Take a fancy to smb -Maftun bo'lmoq ; Talk turkey - Ochiqdan-ochiq gapirmoq.
3) non-equivalent phraseological units- phraseological units that do not have correspondences in the phraseological system of another language.
To throw up one's cap -do'ppisini osmonga otmoq . Come Yorkshire over smb -Aldamoq , nonni tuya qilmoq Betweenhawk and buzzard -Oila a'zolarini va xizmatkorlar o'rtasidagi o'rinni egallagan inson ; Green room -Teatrda artistlarning kiyinadigan , yasanadigan xonasi ; Harley Street - Shifokorlar, tibbiyot dunyosi (Lo'ndondagi ko'pgina mashxur doktorlar yashaydigan ko'cha); Gretna Green marriage - Uydan qochgan sevishganlar o'rtasidagi turmush;
Since phraseology stands out for its functions in language and speech, it requires a special approach in the translation
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process. The main difficulty is that no dictionary can provide for all the false uses of phraseology in the context. Phraseological units, similar in internal form in different languages, are not always identical in meaning as a result of their reinterpretation, so you cannot rely on the similarity of the figurative basis. But when an expression still retains its connection with the sphere in which it was born, the translator has to look for such a phraseological units in the Uzbek language. Techniques for translating phraseological units vary from complete replacement of imagery to complete preservation of the image in translation. And yet, what is common and characteristic of all is the preservation of imagery in translation. But at the same time, the standard and traditional in the original must be transferred to the standard and traditional in the translation. When translating, it is important to observe the stylistic uniformity of the original text. Along with the absence of a corresponding phraseological units in the Uzbek language, it may seem that an Uzbek phraseological units that has the same semantic content does not correspond to English. Of course, ideally, you should strive for full equivalence of the means used, but in practice, you often have to sacrifice functional and stylistic correspondence to preserve expressiveness. It is very important that phraseological
substitutions in translation convey the national flavor of the original language. The original, which is full of phraseological phrases, must retain its phraseological richness and quality.
Research proposal
Research topic: Reflection of the emotional world a person in English praseological units( Отражение эмоционального мира человека в английских фразеологизмах).
Background: Many scholars investigated praseological units in English around the world as Fedorov A. O. "Phraseologism as expressive-stylistic unit of language" Questions of stylistics, vol. 12. Saratov, 1977 p. Furthermore Uzbek scholars Mamatov, A. E. (1999). Issues of the formation of the phrazeologisms of the Uzbek language. Abstract for Doc. of Philol. Sciences; Tikhonov N. A., Khodzhaev T. X. On the grammatical nature of verbal phraseological units in the Uzbek language. Questions of phraseology and grammatical structure of the language. Tashkent, FAN, 1966, pp. 101 - 112.;Anora Jabborova Jizzakh State Pedagogical Institute, Uzbekistan "Phraseologism expressing the emotional state of a person (face)" Mental Enlightenment Scientific-Methodological Journal Volume 2020
Issue 2 Article 6 12-30-2020;
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The aim of the is to research ways of translating idiomatic and stable expressions denoting feelings, moods and states of a person in the English a language, taking into account different criteria, compare and contrast the results of investigation in order to discover stylistic peculiarities and usage. To research linguistic and extra linguistic characteristics, human emotions and phraseological-semantic fields. To work on How human emotions are reflected in language.
The methods of research are: the overall selection ( used in gathering the research material), componential analysis ( used in considering the semantic nature of researched units). The primary research methodology includes the methods of descriptive analysis, which consists in collecting and systematizing the collected facts, in their logical comprehension and identification of specific patterns. Comparative method linguistic and extralinguistic characteristics, human emotions and pshraseological-semantic fields.
Actuality: The importance of our research is phraseologisms expressing the emotional state of a person. It analyses general semantic feature of a group of phraseological units, various emotional states, linguistic and extralinguistic characteristics, human emotions and pshraseological-semantic fields. It is noticeable that a special place in semantic studies of recent times is occupied by the problems of emotional semantics, closely related to the so-called emotional aspect of the human factor in the language. Human emotions are reflected in language.
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