CC BY
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МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫЕ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ
ОТНОШЕНИЯ
УДК 338.486
Gabdullina L.K.
Student
4 year, Facilityof Economy L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Astana, Kazakhstan Scientific director: Baymbetova A.B.
Candidate of Economic Sciences, docent USAGE OF LOGISTIC CONCEPTION AND SUPPLY CHAIN CONTROL IN
TOURISM
Annotation:
The article considers the concept of logistics in the sphere of tourism. The use of logistics methods in the activities of tourism enterprises can achieve significant cost reductions without compromising the quality of the services provided, as well as more efficient use of financial resources.
Keywords: logistics, tourism, product, organizations,service, transport, production.
The modern economics in most of the countries differs in its service development, which includes various scopes of activity [1]. Nowadays there is a great number of service types. And one of them is a recreational sector, that performs an essential function of society's health improvement and rest. Recreation industry is considered as derivative for all services, and it merges companies, presenting sanatorium and tourist services, along with infrastructure companies (transport, insurance companies).
If draw analogy with goods turnover, it can be highlighted that the sphere of tourism service, that involves service makers and commercial intermediaries in bringing service to consumers. At the same time, the notions as "tourist service" and "tourist product" should be differentiated [2]. Service sources like sanatoriums and rest homes are seen as initial stages of tourist turnover. Then tour operators (wholesale organizations) make a tourist product, which is then resold to travel agencies, playing as retail enterprises to final consumers (individuals) along the tourist promotion chain . Therefore, tour operators deal mainly with juridical entities.
Meanwhile, tour operators make a complex tourist product , which comprises : main services (hotel, sanatorium and restaurant services); additional services (which are disease prevention services, sports and fitness, cultural entertainment);
accompanying services (domestic services, trade, communications, banking service, urban, intercity and international transport).
On a position of managing with delivery chain , service supply chain organizes overall process, that comprises different types of logistic functioning. A special feature of the flow processor in service supply chain appeals to material, information, finance and human resources. In concordance with this, this kind of supply chain acquires new properties . These special feature is the fact that the service is presented to consumers instead of being produced; social significance in logistic services prevails economic ones.
In the context of the concept collaboration, integration of logistic process in a supply chain, the quality of provided services to tour operators, characterize the effectiveness of all operations in aggregate, which are aimed to satisfy customers' requirements . In conformity with this, nowadays firms give a consideration to the process as a whole instead of optimizing separate operations. In its content, purchasing of tourist product by consumers entitles rights only to get services on the part of the main manufacturer. Therefore , information content performs a considerable contribution.
Besides, there can be noted some problems in dealing with the service supply chan. They are consumer's influence on the quality of service; recreant's impact on the environment; issues on reliability and safety of supply chain; social and economic effectiveness of participants' functioning in this chain.
Usage of logistics methods in the activity of tourist companies enables to achieving essential decrease of expenses, thereby avoiding damage to service making , and also it helps to spend financial resources effectively.
The research subject of logistics in tourism is planning of new macro and micro logistic systems in tourism or improvement of actuating force. One of the categories in tourist logistics is a territory recreational system (TRS). TRS is a geographical system, comprising natural and socio-cultural complexes, engineering structures , service organizations, staff and also recreants, who are consumers of recreational service. [4] Management of transport, human and information flows on macro level includes arranging customers transportation from residence to the resting-place, from depot to sanatoriums or arranging travels inside TRS and excursions , thereby enhancing competitive systems in tourism due to upgrading information exchange between participants of logistics process.
In the modern geography of tourism and tourist activity it is necessary to use system approach, where service makers, tour operators, tour agencies and customers are comprised into united information system. Moreover, system correlation with transport organizations is important for delivering customer to the resting-place in time. Unity and integrity of elements in a supply chain are reasonable to analyze via system, which possesses certain behavior of interacting entrepreneurial services and
it is expressed in integrating features and functions of multitude [7]. Application of systems approach will make it possible to assess effectiveness of supply service chain functioning and thereafter to increase the quality of service for customers and tourists.
The first and the second stages are connected with information exchange between producers, tour operators and customers. That is why attention should be paid to timeliness of flowing information and to its accessibility. On the first stage, information flows are close to deterministic inherently, because long term economic relationships are set between service providers , tour operators and tour agencies. On the second stage , information flows represent relationships between customers and tour agents, which are characterized by discreteness, irregularity and unevenness. Therefore, when arranging flows between agencies and customers, it is reasonable to attract them with the help of internet technologies.
Besides making service, the third, the fourth and the fifth stages comprise physical processes, which are connected with rotation. That is why it is necessary to use the technology of logistics at these stages. Transporting of customers to the resting-places is characterized by relative stability, with the exception of force majeure circumstances (e.g. malfunction of transport system). On this stage material and service flows prevail . On the whole, studying of the material and subsidiary flows in the logistic systems of tourism industry allows to carry out optimization of existing systems and to increase the service quality in all stages of services making. Flows control is a difficult process as in the recreational sector of a certain region, as at level of separate enterprises in tourism. As a result of introducing logistic approach, while planning and updating logistic systems in tourism industry, the reliability and safety of human transporting system functioning increases.
The usage of logistic technologies in tourism industry allows to create a united system of accounting and control over formation and rotation of tourist product; to reduce time interval on preparation, promotion and selling of tourist product; to cut time and rise the quality of tourist service provided [3].
While forming logistic system in the sphere of tourist product turnover, there can be marked out managing and managed subsystems. Managing subsystems (subjects of logistics) are tour operators, that organize a tourist product and coordinate work that is made by preceding and subsequent participants of service. The managed subsystems include tour agencies, transport system, tourism customers. The task of logistic management in tourism is an effective arrangement of functioning being passed by subjects of logistics, and also increasing reliability of this system at the micro- and macro levels. On the other hand the managed subsystem and its components by way of human flows is characterized by rate stochasticity or uncertainty, therefore the main goal is to decrease indeterminacy of all constituents, providing a high level service at all management levels. Besides, a
complex analysis of the managed subsystems is made to decrease this rate.
When new directions of tourism are mastered In Russian Federation , they come across some difficulties, which affect the quality of tourist service . They are: unreasonable forming of information flows, weak development level of electronic modern systems of communication (GLONASS or GPS); low quality of highways, rising of tariff rate and many others. Increasing of socio-economic effectiveness in functioning of service supply chain is mainly connected with assessment of its effectiveness. According to State standard (SS) and International Organization for Standardization (IOS) , effectiveness is "a degree , expressing, accomplishing of planned moves and achieving planned out results"; "effectiveness is a correlation between achieved results and used resources" [6].
Dynamism and changeability of functioning conditions of this chain participants require application of assessment on effectiveness in enterprise functioning, which can promptly and with minimal expenses satisfy the ultimate consumer of service. So, it is necessary to conduct an analysis of previously made researches about effectiveness assessment. Also it is needed to make a critical analysis of advantages and disadvantages of scientific approaches. So, the most important components of tourist service in the resting places are: accommodation of customers in hotels, nutrition, offering excursions.
Overall tourists' impression depends on many factors. Some of them are: accuracy and timeliness of represented separate logistic operations, while equipping resting homes, sanatoriums or organizing excursions. The usage of logistics at macro level contemplates increasing accuracy and timeliness of cargo delivery and people, that are taken to destination by different kinds of vehicle basing on logistic conception "just-in-time". Assessment of function effectiveness in service supply chain requires the careful workup and research.
Literature:
1. Skorobatko T. Recreational sector as an object of logistic management/ T. Skorobatko// risk. №3. 2009. C. 195-199.
2. Formation of A complex recreational product in a condition of logistization/ T. Skorobatko//RISK. №2. 2009. C. 60- 64.
3. T. N. Odintsova Logistic system of travel agency management / T.N. Odintsova// Materials from All-Russian science practical. conference Modern tendencies of theory development and practice of domestic enterprise management". Sevastopol, 2008.
4. V.A. Nerobova Logistics approach to enterprise management in tourism / V.A. Nerobova// Heald of Cherepovets state university. 2008. №4. P.52.
5. V.P. Sidorov Geography of tourism and logistics/ V.P. Sidorov// Heald of Udmurtskiy university. 1 2008. C. 45-48.
6. Systems of quality management. Basic provisions and dictionary: SS IOS 9000-
2008. Introduced 2009-09-10. M.: Standardinform, 2009. 51 p. 7. J.P. Surmin The theory of system and system analysis: coursebook / 2009. 51 p. 7.Kiev: MAUP, 2003. 368 .
УДК 338.486
Meiramgaliyeva D.A.
Student
4 year, Facilityof Economy L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Astana, Kazakhstan Scientific director: Baymbetova A.B.
Candidate of Economic Sciences, docent ORGANIZATION OF THE FUNCTIONING OF LOGISTICS IN TOURISM
Annotation:
The fundamentals of organizing the functioning of logistics in tourism, in the first place, functional areas of logistics, objects of logistic research management and organization, the organization of the use of logistics and information support in tourism. Particular attention is paid to the application of logistics approaches in work of tour operators.
Keywords: tourism, logistics, organizations, tour operators, market, strategy, flexibility, production, transport, consumers.
Companies are forced to develop long-term plans for transporting tourists abroad, booking blocks of places in hotels. In such cases, it is necessary in advance, before the start of the season, to plan an approximate number of tourists, which will have to be serviced by the firm. The financial risk of such decisions can be tangible. For example, by booking a whole airplane for a season, in case of a decrease in the purchasing power of the population, tastes or worsening of the political situation in the country of rest, the travel agency will almost certainly incur huge losses. It is clear that large companies are increasingly turning to methods of risk analysis. Some computer programs specially designed for travel agencies allow the implementation of interconnected improvements in the planning of tourist traffic, block of places in hotels, which helps to minimize the number of places not used now.
The plans need to be revised regularly, and sometimes more often, focusing on the current situation in the market.
Logistics projects are beneficial to very large companies with their own analysts, able to develop, and computer personnel. At the same time, small companies that have a majority in the tourism market lose the opportunity to increase their profits and reduce costs, as managers, misunderstanding the integrity of logistics operations; do not consider it necessary to direct the smarts to conduct an economic analysis of the company's operations.
