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Turczcminowia 24, 2: 51-55 (2021) 101ISSN 1560-7259 (print edition)
DOI: 10.14258/tiirczaninow ia. 24.2.6 ijl TURCZ ANINOWIA
http://turczanin0wia.asu.ru Ш^ыЯ ISSN 1560-7267 (online edition)
УДК 582.594.2(470+571) Typification of 20 names in Orchidaceae of the Russian flora
P. G. Efimov
Komarov Botanical Institute RAS, Prof. Popova St., 2, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russian Federation.
E-mail: efimov@binran.ru; ORCID iD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2926-255X
Keywords, lectotype, nomenclatural synonym, nomenclature, orchids, Russia.
Summary. The article represents the typification of 20 names of orchids from the Flora of Russia. The typified names in the current use are the following: Goodyera henryi, Orchis comperiana (basionym for Himantoglos-sum comperianum), Orchis salina (basionym for Dactylorhiza salina), and Listera nipponica (basionym for Neottia nipponica). Other typified names represent synonyms, which are assertained by the types provided here: Calypso japonica, Gymnadenia conopsea var. alpina, G. conopsea var. ussuriensis, G. pauciflora, Listera eschscholziana, L. yatabei, Malaxis diphyllos, Neottia nidus-avis var. manshurica, Orchis incarnata var. knorringiana, O. monticola subsp. caucasica, O. orientalis subsp. turcestanica, O. punctulata var. sepulchralis, O. salina f. elatior, O. taurica, O. viridifusca, Platanthera tipuloides var. sibirica.
Типификация 20 названий орхидных (Orchidaceae) флоры России
П. Г. Ефимов
Ботанический институт им. В. Л. Комарова РАН, ул. Проф. Попова, д. 2, г. Санкт-Петербург, 197376, Россия
Ключевые слова, лектотип, номенклатура, номенклатурный синоним, орхидные, Россия.
Аннотация. В статье представлены лектотипы для 20 названий орхидных флоры России. Типифицирова-ны следующие принимаемые в настоящее время названия: Goodyera henryi, Orchis comperiana (базионим Hi-mantoglossum comperianum), Orchis salina (базионим Dactylorhiza salina) и Listera nipponica (базионим Neottia nipponica). Остальные типифицируемые названия являются синонимами, что закрепляется предложенными в настоящей статье типами: Calypso japonica, Gymnadenia conopsea var. alpina, G. conopsea var. ussuriensis, G. pauciflora, Listera eschscholziana, L. yatabei, Malaxis diphyllos, Neottia nidus-avis var. manshurica, Orchis incarnata var. knorringiana, O. monticola subsp. caucasica, O. orientalis subsp. turcestanica, O. punctulata var. sepulchralis, O. salina f. elatior, O. taurica, O. viridifusca, Platanthera tipuloides var. sibirica.
In the course of the revision of the Orchidaceae for the Flora of Russia, associated with its mapping. I came across some names in Orchidaceae lacking typifications. The search for their authenthic material was undertaken both in the Russian and in foreign herbarium collections and revealed that at least 20 names deserved lectotypifications. These typifications are designated in this article. Four of them provide type specimens for the names in the current use (Dactylorhiza salina, Himantoglossum
comperianum, Gymnadenia henryi and Neottia nipponica).
Typified name is always given at the first place in every paragraph. The names are arranged in alphabetic order, accepted names are shown in bold. The residual syntypes are normally not cited, but isolectotypes are always mentioned, if any. Synonyms are given only if they represent names which were widely used, or if they visualize relationships of the taxa.
Поступило в редакцию 24.04.2021 Принято к публикации 07.06.2021
Submitted 24.04.2021 Accepted 07.06.2021
Efimov P. G. Typifications in Orchidaceae
1. Calypso japonica Maxim. ex Kom. 1901, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 20: 533. Lec-totype (designated here): "Japonia, Nippon, Fudzi-yama. 1864. Tschonoski" (LE 1012254!, iso - LE 1012252, LE 1012253!, K 943525!). = Dactylosta-lix ringens Rchb. f.
2. Goodyera henryi Rolfe 1896, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1896: 201. Lectotype (designated here): "Central China, Prov. Hupeh, Ichang. I 1891. A. Henry, 6878" (K 79089!, iso - K 79088!, GH 90579!, NY 8857!).
This species in Russian literature is most widely known under the name Goodyera maximowicziana Makino.
3. Gymnadenia conopsea var. alpina Turcz. 1854, Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou 27, 3: 83. = G. alpina (Turcz.) Czerep. 1981, Sosud. Rast. SSSR: 310, nom. illeg., non Rouy 1812. = G. conopsea subsp. alpina (Turcz.) Janchen ex Soo 1969, Ann. Univ. Budapest, Biol. 11: 60. Lectotype (designated here): [Russia, Republic of Buryatia] "in paludosis alpis prope limites Chinenses ex adverso Mondy. Turcz[aninow]" (LE 01040775!). Residual syntypes: LE 01040786!, 01029446!, 01040778!, 01040799! = Gymnadenia conopsea (L.) R. Br. s. l.
Given that the authorship of Gymnadenia conop-sea var. alpina was earlier unanimously ascribed to Reichenbach ("Turcz. ex Rchb. f. 1851, Ic. Fl. Germ. 13-14: t. 73"), the legitimacy of two combinations made after it may be questioned as required by the Art. 41.8(a) of the Code of Botanical Nomenclature. However, both combinations are legitimate, because Reichenbach: 1) fulfilled conditions for valid publication of the name (by the publication of analytical drawing in accordance with Art. 38.7-38.9), and 2) gave no reference, whether direct or indirect, to the place where this name was legitimely published (reference to Turczaninow on the pages 114 and 115 addresses not to the literature, but to the herbarium). All type specimens of var. alpina simultaneously represent authentic material for the name G. sibirica Turcz. ex Lindl. This change of the authorship of var. alpina leads to the shift in the interpretation of this taxon as an Asiatic element, not a European one. Molecular data for Gymnadenia (Travnicek et al., 2012; Efimov, 2013) may be interpreted in the way that in this genus, unknown cryptic taxa exists. Correspondingly, dwarf plants from high altitudes or high latitudes, insufficiently covered by modern studies, theoretically may belong to cryptic species, and it is important to apply the names correctly. For
instance, Valuiskych and Teteryuk (2016) have recently shown by AFLP method that a special taxon exists in the Komi Republic, growing aside with the widespread G. conopsea, and already proposed to use name 'var. alpina' for it. Importantly, G. conopsea var. alpina Turcz. shouldn't be confused with its later homonym G. conopsea f. alpina Beck 1890, Fl. Nieder-Osterreich 1: 210, nom. illeg., which is based on different original material from Europe (PRC 452275!, PRC 452276!).
4. Gymnadenia conopsea var. ussuriensis Regel, 1861, Tent. Fl. Ussur.: 474. Lectotype (designated here): [Russia, Primorye Territory] "Sumur Gebirge, Уссури у Сумурских гор. 1859. Р. К. Маак" (LE 1032874!). = Gymnadenia conopsea (L.) R. Br. s. l.
Both Gymnadenia sibirica and G. conopsea var. ussuriensis represent a broad-leaved form of this species, which is widely distributed in the Far East Russia and Siberia. Molecular studies (based for this entity on the only four specimens) have shown that this taxon undoubtedly belongs to G. conopsea s. l., but it is characterized by 3 stable differences in the sequence of ITS allele from European plants (Efimov, 2013). This fact suggests some possibility that it represents a separate taxon, which should be then named G. sibirica. From the other hand, those substitutions can represent solely another allelic composition of the plants from the Asiatic part of Russia. This taxonomic problem, which also applies to var. alpina (see above), deserves further studies.
5. Gymnadeniapauciflora Lindl. 1835, Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: 280. = Ponerorchis pauciflora (Lindl.) Ohwi 1936, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 5: 145. = Chu-sua secunda Nevski 1935, Fl. URSS 4: 753, nom. illeg. = Orchis secunda (Nevski) Vorosch. 1966, Fl. Sovetsk. Dal'n. Vost.: 130. Lectotype (designated here): [Russia] "e Dahuria. 17" (K-LINDL!). = Ponerorchis chusua (D. Don) Soo.
The lectotype was originally determined as Orchis pauciflora by Fisher, that corresponds to the protologue.
6. Listera eschscholziana Cham. et Schltdl. 1828, Linnaea 3: 33. Lectotype (designated here): [USA, Alaska] "Unalashka. Eschscholtz" (LE 11150!, possible iso - LE 11151!, LE 11148!, H 1491640!). = Neottia convallarioides (Sw.) Rich.
Before the genus Listera was combined with Neottia, this species was widely known under the name Listera convallarioides (Sw.) Nutt. Correct determination ofthe type category (syntype / isotype)
for possible isotypes cited above is problematic, because the labels differ in details. Possible isotypes in LE each consist of several groups of plants with their own herbarium labels.
7. Listera nipponica Makino, 1905, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 19: 9. = Neottia nipponica (Makino) Szlach. 1995, Fragm. Florist. Geobot., Suppl. 3: 118. Lectotype (designated here): [Japan] "prov. Shinano, mt. Yatsugatake. 19 VIII 1902. Y. Yabe, 94" (TI!).
In the herbarium of Tokyo University, there are several original herbarium specimens of Listera nipponica. The gathering by Yabe, cited above, is represented by two duplicates. The specimen which is designated here as a lectotype, can be distinguished by the presence of original Japanese herbarium label, by the English translation of herbarium label, and by the number '19'.
8. Listera yatabei Makino, 1905, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 19: 8. Lectotype (designated here): [Japan] "prov. Shinano, mt. Ondake. 27 VII 1880. R. Yatabe" (TI!). = Neottiapuberula (Maxim.) Szlach.
This species was widely known under multiple names, including Listera savatieri Maxim. ex Kom., L. major Nakai, L. pinetorum auct. Details regarding the taxonomy of this species were discussed in a special paper (Efimov, 2019). Unfortunately, both herbarium specimens suitable for typification have no flowers except for 3-5 flower buds. The description of the taxonomically most important features of the flower in the protologue was largely based on the specimen, which is designated here as lectotype, because the other one, a residual syntype (22 VII 1895. J. Matsumura, 57 - TI!), originally had no normally developed flowers, as it is stated on its label.
9. Malaxis diphyllos Cham. 1828, Linnaea 3: 34. = M. monophyllos f. diphyllos (Cham.) Soo, 1969, Ann. Univ. Sci. Budapest. Rolando Eotvos, Sect. Biol. 11: 73. = M. monophyllos var. diphyllos (Cham.) Luer, 1975, Native Orchids U. S. and Canada excluding Florida: 306. Lectotype (designated here): [USA, Alaska] "Unalaschka. Eschscholtz" (LE 1107104!, possible iso - LE 1107106!). = Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Sw.
This is a bifoliate form of Malaxis monophyllos, which was earlier widely accepted in taxonomical studies. I think it does not merit any taxonomic status.
10. Neottia nidus-avis var. manshurica Kom. 1901, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 20: 528. Lectotype (designated here): [Russia, Jewish Autonomous region] "Flora Amurensis, Буреинские горы, на перевале между Любавинским прииском и долиной Бушумной речки, в пихтовых и кедровых лесах. 16 VI 1895. В. Л. Комаров" (LE 1034303!). = Neottiapapilligera Schltr.
Neottia papilligera is only scarcely distinguishable from N. nidus-avis and may be regarded as its subspecific taxon. The type specimens of var. manshurica (both lectotype and residual syntype) have a monstrosity in the lip shape: lip is not bilobed as in normal plants but has 4 lobes (each lobe is further divided into two additional lobes). Such abnormality occurs occasionally along distribution area of both N. papilligera and N. nidus-avis.
11. Orchis comperiana Steven 1829, Nouv. Mem. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 1: 259. = Comperia taurica K. Koch, 1849, Linnaea 22: 288, nom. illeg. = C. comperiana (Steven) Asch. et Graebn. 1907, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 3: 620. = Himantoglossum com-perianum (Steven) P. Delforge, 1999, Naturalistes Belges 80: 401. Lectotype (designated here): [Russia, Republic of Crimea] "in litore merid. Tauriae, Laspi. Compere" (LE 1107792!, possible iso - LE 1107791!, LE 1107794!, P 2077982!, P 2115224!, ?K).
Protopopova et al. (2017) stated incorrectly that this species was typified in "Flora of Turkey" (Renz, Taubenheim, 1984).
12. Orchis incarnata var. knorringiana Kraenzl. 1931, Feddes Repert. Beih. 65: 34. = Dactylo-rhiza knorringiana (Kraenzl.) Ikonn. 1970, Novit. Syst. Pl. Vasc. 6: 267. Lectotype (designated here): [Kyrgyzstan] "Ферг. обл., Ошский у., заливной луг вдоль р. Кызыл-су. 29 VI 1913. О. Э. фон-Кнорринг 642" (LE 1109425!, iso - LE 1109426!). = Dactylorhiza salina (Turcz. ex Lindl.) Soo s. l.
Dactylorhiza knorringiana is sometimes recognized as separate taxon (Averyanov, 1988).
13. Orchis monticola subsp. caucasica Klinge, 1898, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 17(1): 155, 181. = O. cordigera var. caucasica (Klinge) Klinge in Lipsky, 1899, Fl. Cauc. Impr. Colch.: 306. Lectotype (designated here): [Russia, Republic of Daghestan] "Caucasus, Burtunai, 5000', ba-salalpin. 10 (22) VI 1894. G. Radde et K. 626" (LE 1038324!). = Dactylorhiza euxina (Nevski) Czer.
Efimov P. G. Typifications in Orchidaceae
14. Orchis orientalis subsp. turcestanica Klinge, 1898, Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 17(1): 183. = O. turcestanica (Klinge) Klinge ex B. Fedtsch. 1908, Russk. Bot. Zhurn.: 191. Lectotype (designated here): [Tajikistan] "Serawschan-Gebiet: Sän-turutsch am W Flüße der Kschtut-Passer zum See Kul-i-Kalan, 8-9000'. 26 VI 1882. A. Regel" (LE 1109427!, iso (10 sheets) - LE 1109428-1109437!). = Dactylorhiza salina (Turcz. ex Lindl.) Soo s. l.
Klinge (1898) invented a very detailed classification of Dactylorchids, having divided species into subspecies, varieties and forms. The lectotype designated here was marked by him "var. genuina", which means that he considered it as belonging to the nominative variety of the subsp. turcestanica.
Taxonomically, Orchis orientalis subsp. turcestanica falls into the Dactylorhiza salina species aggregate, which is highly polymorphic and may be further taxonomically subdivided. Presently I formally treat the whole aggregate as one species. All original material of Orchis orientalis subsp. turces-tanica (which is quite abundant in LE) morphologically stands very close to the type specimen of D. umbosa, a species which is very often recognized as a distinct species. For example, Averyanov (1988) synonymizes Orchis orientalis subsp. turcestanica with Dactylorhiza umbosa.
15. Orchis punctulata var. sepulchralis Rchb. f. 1851, Ic. Fl. Germ. Helv. 13-14: 27. = O. sepulchralis (Rchb. f.) Boiss. et Heldr. in Boiss. 1854, Diagn. Pl. Orient. Ser. 1, 13: 10. = O. punctulata subsp. sepulchralis (Rchb. f.) Soo, 1927, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 28. Lectotype (1st step: Averyanov, 1994: 121; 2nd step: designated here): [Turkey] "Avalia inter Sepulchra Turcica. III 1845. Heldreich" (LE 11066!). Isotypes: LE11097!, JE 11345! etc. = Orchis punctulata Steven ex Lindl.
16. Orchis salina Turcz. ex Lindl. 1835, Gen. Sp. Orch.: 259. = Dactylorhiza salina (Turcz. ex Lindl.) Soo, 1962, Nom. nova Gen. Dactylorhiza: 4. Lectotype (designated here): [Russia, Republic of Burya-tia] "in locis subsalsis prope pagum Uburun. 1829. Turcz[aninow]" (K 364201!, iso - LE 1010840!, LE 1010841!, LE 1010842!, ?P 389931!).
The earlier typification by Averyanov (1983: 894) is incorrect because the specimen he designated as lectotype was not cited in the protologue.
Kuybysheva 1: 4. Lectotype (designated here): [Russia, Republic of Altai] "Алтай, долина р. Ар-хыт, между рр. Ядыгем и Тополевка. 26 VI 1897. В. Сапожников" (TK!). = Dactylorhiza salina (Turcz. ex Lindl.) Soo.
The lectotype is selected among several authentic specimens, which are currently kept in the herbarium TK.
18. Orchis taurica Lindl. 1835, Gen. Sp. Orch.: 271. Lectotype (designated here): "crescit in Tauriae et Caucasi nemorosis. 36" (K-LINDL!). = Orchis mascula (L.) L.
The cited lectotype originally belonged to the Bieberstein collection. It is stated in the proto-logue that Lindley obtained it via Prescott, and the Prescott's name is mentioned on the herbarium specimen.
19. Orchis viridifusca Albov, 1895, Prodr. Fl. Colch.: 229. Lectotype (1st step: Averyanov, 1994: 119; 2nd step: designated here): [Georgia] "Plantes de Transcaucasie, Mingrelie, Mt. Ourasch, pasturages alpius. 1893. N. Alboff 240" (G 176151!, iso - G 165906!). = Orchis spitzelii Saut. ex W. D. J. Koch.
Averyanov did not specify a specific sample out of the two. In the current second-step lectotypifi-cation, I make the choice in favor of the specimen which has more detailed label and the notes by Al-bov's hand, although another one is annotated as 'lectotype' in the herbarium.
20. Platanthera tipuloides var. sibirica Regel, 1861, Mem. Acad. Sci. Petersb., ser. 7, 4, 4: 143. Lectotype (designated here): Reichenbach 1851, Ic. Fl. Germ. 13-14: t. 76, f. 1, 1-2 "Platanthera tipuloides". = Platanthera tipuloides (L. f.) Lindl. var. tipuloides.
Acknowledgements
The study in 2020-2021 was supported by the grant no. 20-04-00561а from the Russian Fund for Basic Research; earlier research was done within the framework of the institutional research project (no. АААА-А19-119031290052-1) of the Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
17. Orchis salina f. elatior Serg. 1929, Sist. Za-metki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gosud. Univ.
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