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11Tutsan (lat. Hypericum)
Eliseeva Tatyana, editor-in-chief of the project EdaPlus.info
Tkacheva Natalia, phytotherapist, nutritionist
Email: eliseeva.t@edaplus.info, tkacheva.n@edaplus.info
Abstract. The article discusses the main properties of Tutsanand its effect on the human body. A systematic review of modern specialized literature and relevant scientific data was carried out. The chemical composition and nutritional value of the plant are indicated, the use of Tutsanin various types of medicine and the effectiveness of its use in various diseases are considered. The potentially adverse effects of Tutsanon the human body under certain medical conditions and diseases are analyzed separately. The scientific foundations of diets with its use are considered.
Key words: Tutsan, beneficial properties, potentially dangerous effects, side effects, beneficial properties, contraindications, diets
Beneficial features
Chemical composition and presence of nutrients
Main substances (g / 100 g): Fresh feijoa [1]
Water 83.28
Carbohydrates 15.21
Sugar 8.2
Alimentary fiber 6.4
Squirrels 0.71
Fats 0.42
Calories ( kcal ) 61
Minerals (mg/100 g):
Potassium 172
Calcium 17
Phosphorus 19
Magnesium 9
Sodium 3
Iron 0.14
Zinc 0.06
Manganese 0.084
Copper 0.036
Vitamins (mg/100 g):
Vitamin C 32.9
Vitamin PP 0.295
Vitamin E 0.16
Vitamin B6 0.067
Vitamin B2 0.018
Vitamin B1 0.006
What exactly is used and in what form
Tutsanserves as the basis for the preparation of tinctures, decoctions, infusions, extracts, prescribed both for internal use and externally. Tutsanis part of a variety of herbal preparations. Useful tea with St. John's wort. The grass of the plant is also a source of imanin and a component of many ointments. John's wort is popular in homeopathy. Tutsanoil is successfully used in the treatment of burns and wounds in the form of oil compresses.
Medicinal properties
Hypericum perforatum (common) contains flavonoids ( hyperoside , rutin, quercetin , quercitrin , isoquercitrin ), volatile oils, which include terpenes, sesquiterpenes ( azulene ), naphthodyanthrones ( hypericin , pseudohypericin , hyperin or hypericin , close to hematoporphyrin , sensitive to solar light; it is a kind of catalyst for certain intracellular reactions, a regulator of vital processes, affects biochemical processes in organs affected by malignant tumors, increases skin sensitivity to ultraviolet rays), isovaleric acid esters (have a calming effect), tannins, bacteriostatic resinous substances, ceryl alcohol, nicotinic acid, antibiotic, carotene and ascorbic acid. [5]
Tutsanis used in the treatment of diseases of the digestive system. Preparations from Tutsanreduce intestinal spasms, dilate blood vessels, improve the functioning of the gastric glands, stimulate blood circulation, relieve inflammation in the mucous membranes of the digestive tract, act as an astringent and bacteriostatic , relieve spasms in the biliary tract.
Tutsanis effective for biliary dyskinesia, bile stasis, hepatitis, cholecystitis, is prescribed in the initial stages of cholelithiasis, hypoacid gastritis (gastritis with low acidity), flatulence, acute and chronic colitis, intestinal upset and hemorrhoids. At the initial stage of nephrolithiasis, Tutsanis used as a diuretic and is prescribed for reduced filtration capacity of the kidneys. Tutsantincture is used for helminthic invasions (with enterobiasis, hymenolepiasis ). Plant-based preparations strengthen capillaries, improve venous circulation. It is advisable to prescribe Tutsanfor violations of the peripheral circulation, with a tendency to congestion in the bloodstream. The photosensitizing properties of the plant and the presence of hypericin among its components are used in the treatment of a disease such as vitiligo. Tutsanis prescribed for disorders of the nervous system, enuresis in children, migraine and neurodystonia . The external use of Tutsanis explained by its astringent, bacteriostatic and anti-inflammatory properties. Tutsanoil is effective for burns, gingivitis, face pityriasis , leg ulcers and wound healing. In dentistry, a tincture or infusion of the herbal part of Tutsanis used for rinsing the mouth, for treating inflamed gums, and for stomatitis. Tutsanin gynecology is used as a herbal infusion for douching in case of inflammation of the vagina, and Tutsanoil has a positive effect in the treatment of cervical erosion.
Traditional medicine also uses Tutsanin the treatment of polyarthritis, sciatica, gout, pulmonary tuberculosis, mastopathy, boils. [6]
In official medicine
• hypericum herb;
• Tutsantincture;
• imanin , an antibacterial drug in powdered form. A 1% solution of imanin is used to treat infected wounds, skin cracks, burns, mastitis, boils, phlegmon, acute rhinitis, laryngitis, sinusitis, purulent otitis media. Imanin does not affect fungal infections;
• Novoimanin , a one-percent alcohol solution-antibiotic. Apply a 0.1% solution in distilled water, isotonic sodium chloride solution, 0.25% anesthesin solution or 10% glucose solution for dental diseases, for inhalation - with abscessing pneumonia, pneumothorax; with purulent otitis media, sinusitis, a 0.01-0.1% solution in distilled water is used. Prepare the solution immediately before the procedure;
• peflavit , is prescribed for capillary toxicosis, acute glomerulonephritis , atherosclerosis. [5]
In folk medicine
• With hypoacid gastritis (with low acidity), as well as to increase the influx of bile and diuresis , St. Drink in small sips of 100 ml 1-2 times a day after meals. [5]
• Tutsantea is useful for intestinal disorders: in a glass of boiling water for 10 minutes, insist a tablespoon of flowers and leaves of St. John's wort. Drink 2 glasses after meals throughout the day. The course of treatment is long. Increasing the dose to 3-4 glasses per day is prescribed for chronic diarrhea.
• For liver diseases (with concomitant constipation), a tablespoon of a mixture of St. John's wort, cumin and buckthorn bark at a ratio of 2:3:2 is poured into 200 ml of water, boiled for about 10 minutes and drunk at least 5 glasses a day. [7]
• For lower back pain and general weakness caused by hard physical labor, a recipe is recommended: 2 tablespoons of St. Drink the drug throughout the day. [eight]
• With mental overstrain, nervous exhaustion, sleep disturbances, a remedy is useful: from 200 ml of boiling water and one tablespoon of a mixture of St. Tutsanin this mixture strengthens and regenerates nerves, treats insomnia and neuroses. It is an excellent remedy for mental fatigue and functional exhaustion of the nervous system.
• Tutsanhelps with worms: prepare an infusion at the rate of 15 g of Tutsanper 100 ml of boiling water. Take 90-150 ml three times daily for 3 days (children from one to seven years old), on the last day of admission, give a laxative salt, and carry out such treatment in a cycle, in three stages, at intervals of 10 days. [6]
Externally:
• Tutsanoil is used to heal wounds from frostbite of the 2nd and 3rd degrees, for burns, to lubricate cracks in the nipples.
• Based on Tutsanoil, a balm is made that heals abrasions, cuts and is useful for pain in muscles and joints. To prepare the product, you need: half a cup of St. St. John's wort, ginger oil extracts mix, add beeswax. In a water bath, heat the mixture of herbal oils and wax until it is completely dissolved. Add vitamin E, rosehip seed oil, lavender and ginger essential oils to a homogeneous, heated mass. Stir quickly and thoroughly and pour the finished balm into jars until the wax begins to harden. Store the balm tightly closed, in a dry, dark and cool place. The shelf life of such a drug is from 2 to 3 years.
• To treat purulent wounds and rinse the mouth to strengthen the gums, steam is used : a handful of Tutsanflowers are steamed in 0.5 liters of boiling water. A clean, disinfected cloth is soaked in a cooled steam and applied to wounds. [7]
• Tutsanwith vitiligo: the affected areas are smeared with the juice of fresh Tutsanand after a quarter of an hour they are exposed to the sun's rays. The duration of the first insolation is no
more than 30 minutes. During the period of such treatment, 30-50 drops of freshly squeezed Tutsanjuice (from leaves and flowers) are also taken orally 2-3 times a day, washed down with water. It is necessary to be in the sun, arranging short sessions with breaks. The course of such treatment of vitiligo is about 60 days, with a break of 3 days after every 3 weeks. [eight]
in oriental medicine
Avicenna recommended Tutsanas an excellent remedy for healing wounds of various origins; practiced it as an analgesic for inflammation of the sciatic nerve, a diuretic and used in the treatment of malignant ulcerative formations.
In the recipes of traditional healers of Uzbekistan, Tutsanis used as a specific agent in the treatment of oncological diseases of the liver and stomach.
Tutsanhas long been used in Chinese traditional medicine.
In scientific research
One of the pioneers in herbalism , British botanist and pharmacist Nicholas Culpeper , described Tutsanas a "sunny", "fiery" plant.
In his famous herbalist (" The complete Herbal ", 1653) Culpeper wrote: Tutsanis "an effective plant used in the treatment of wounds. Drinking a decoction of wine heals internal bruises and pains. Tutsanointment heals blisters on the skin, promotes the resorption of tumors, tightens the edges of wounds and heals them. A decoction of herbs, flowers and seeds of Tutsanon wine helps with vomiting, hemoptysis, treats those who have been bitten or stung by any poisonous creature, has a diuretic property. Tutsanseed powder, dissolved in a small amount of broth, disperses bile ... A decoction of leaves and seeds in a warm form, taken on the eve of an attack of malaria, facilitates the course of the disease. Tutsanseeds are recommended ... for patients with epilepsy, paralysis and those who suffer from pain in the sacrum. [9]
Modern studies of the medicinal properties of Tutsanare thorough and continuously replenish the system of knowledge about medicinal herbs.
The significance of Tutsanin medicine and its medicinal potential were studied by K. M. Klemov , E. Bartlow , J. Crawford and others. [ten]
The interaction of Tutsanwith individual medications and the possible negative consequences of their simultaneous administration is the topic of scientific research by S. Soleimani , R. Bahramsoltani , R. Raimi . [eleven]
A. Oliveira , C. Piño , B. Sarmentó and A. Diaz presented the results of the analysis of the neuroprotective effects of St. John's wort, and its individual components. [12]
The large-scale scientific work of P. Bongiorno and P. Lo Guidice is aimed at studying the effect of drugs based on Tutsanin the treatment of depressive conditions. [13]
The study of the neurotropic activity of modern dosage forms made from herbal raw materials of Tutsanis the topic of the scientific work of Kurkin V., Dubischev A., Pravdivtseva O. and Zimina L.
[14]
hypericin from the herb of Tutsanis highlighted in the study of Rudometova N., Nikiforova T., Kim I.
[15]
In cooking
Herb and flowers of Tutsanin dried and fresh form are used as a seasoning for dishes (especially from fish), for the preparation of various drinks, as a spice that gives food a slightly bitter, tart and balsamic note.
• Salad of beets and St. John's wort
To prepare the salad you will need: 4 small, well-washed raw beets , 2 apples, juice of one lemon, freshly ground black pepper and coriander seeds, half a cup of finely chopped parsley, half a cup of Tutsanflowers. Grate peeled beets and apples. Put in a bowl, season with lemon juice. Grind and add black pepper and coriander. Sprinkle salad with parsley and Tutsanflowers.
• Tutsanbaked potatoes
Required ingredients: 8 medium-sized potatoes, 4 tablespoons softened butter, sea salt and pepper to taste, 2 garlic cloves, minced, 2-4 teaspoons grated nutmeg, 200 ml cream, 200 ml milk, a cup of Tutsanflowers disassembled into petals and separated from the sepals.
Peel potatoes, cut into thin circles. Lubricate the baking dish with oil, sprinkle with crushed garlic, lay out the potatoes, salt, pepper, sprinkle with grated nutmeg and Tutsanpetals, season the potato slices with the remaining oil. Whisk milk and cream and pour over potatoes. Bake at 180 degrees until potatoes are tender and golden brown, about an hour and a half.
• Avocado stuffed with St. John's wort
Ingredients: 2 large ripe avocados, lemon juice, canned sardines (one jar), one small onion, finely chopped, a cup of minced Tutsanflowers, sepals removed, salt and black pepper.
Cut the avocado in half, separate from the stone, carefully remove the pulp from each half and mash with a fork or puree in a blender. Sprinkle generously the pureed mass with lemon juice, mix with the sardines, finely chopped onion, sea salt, pepper, and St. John's wort, mashed to a homogeneous state . Fill the empty halves of the avocado with the resulting "minced meat", sprinkle with lemon juice again and decorate the stuffed avocados with Tutsanflowers. Serve on lettuce leaves. [16]
In cosmetology
The healing properties of Tutsanare actively used both for the creation of professional cosmetics for the care of the skin of the face, body, hair, and in recipes for home cosmetics. Tutsanis part of creams, lotions, masks, shampoos and hair rinses. Tutsanhelps with problematic and oily skin, is used to strengthen hair, in a comprehensive fight against dandruff. Most skincare products from Tutsanare based on oil, which can also be prepared at home.
How to prepare Tutsanoil? 20 g of fresh inflorescences of Tutsaninsist on sunflower oil (200 ml) for two weeks, then strain. Tutsanoil works great in nourishing hair masks, helps with dry scalp and hair
loss. [6]
Other uses
The drug " Novoimanin ", created on the basis of St. John's wort, is used in agriculture in the fight against bacterioses that affect vegetable crops. Also " Novoimanin " is used when tobacco plantations are affected by the so-called tobacco mosaic virus.
In industry, from the leaves and flowers of Tutsan(sometimes from the whole plant), dyes of yellow, brown, golden and red shades are obtained. [3]
Dangerous properties of Tutsanand contraindications
It is important to remember that the combination of Tutsanwith certain medications can cause significant harm to health, since the simultaneous use of Tutsanand a specific medication leads to failures in the absorption of certain medications.
Tutsanreduces the body's susceptibility to the action of anticoagulants and thereby reduces the effectiveness of their administration. Tutsanalso reduces the effectiveness of oral contraceptives (cases of unplanned pregnancies have been recorded). Simultaneous administration of Tutsanwith synthetic antidepressants and a number of other medicines is unacceptable.
With individual intolerance to the components of the plant, a person may develop an acute allergic reaction and conditions may occur, accompanied by redness, allergic rashes, shortness of breath and swelling.
Long-term use of Tutsanin excessive doses can cause bitterness in the mouth, constipation, not improvement, but a decrease in appetite and a feeling of heaviness in the liver. According to doctors, patients suffering from hypertension should take Tutsanexclusively as part of herbal preparations, that is, in combination with other herbs that balance its effect on the body, since Tutsanincreases blood pressure. [eight]
Botanical description
It is a perennial herb from the Tutsanfamily.
origin of name
Folk tradition knows the plant as: Tutsan, bloodweed, svetoyanskoepotion, hare's blood . The Latin generic name of Tutsan- Hypericum - has several interpretations. One version of the origin of the word is that Tutsanwas attributed a magical property to resist unclean forces, evil spirits, and explains the name as a fusion of two meanings: hyper ("above") and eikon ("image", "ghost"). " Tutsan", in turn, is either a distorted " dzherembay ", which means " healer of wounds " (as the nomadic peoples called the medicinal herb) or is associated with the fact that certain substances in the composition of St. John's wort, when eaten by livestock during grazing, increased the sensitivity of animals to sunlight and provoked self-harm in them when trying to comb the affected areas.
Kinds
Botanists know 458 species representing the genus St. John's wort, the most studied and common of which are the following:
1. Tutsanor perforated - grows throughout Eurasia, in northern Africa, on the islands (Azores, Canaries), the plant has taken root in New Zealand, on the Japanese islands, in North America, Australia. One of the oldest and most popular medicinal plants, a productive honey plant. It is used in the food, alcoholic beverage industry and as a natural dye;
2. Tutsanis found in Asia, Africa, and European countries. Used to create hedges, in combination with other plants. Common in landscaping;
3. Tutsancalyx - grows in Greece, Turkey and Bulgaria. Successfully adapted to growing on the Australian mainland and the lands of New Zealand. In European countries, it is cultivated as an ornamental plant in the system of park and garden culture;
4. Tutsanis common in Kamchatka, the Kuril Islands and Sakhalin. Also found on the Japanese islands of Honshu and Hokkaido. It has a decorative value. The species has found application in the cooking of local peoples: the grass of the plant is used to make tea, young shoots are eaten;
5. Tutsantrihedral - found in the southern European region, in Tunisia, Cyprus and Malta, in Turkey, in the north of the Sinai Peninsula, in Israel and Jordan. The plant is popular in oriental medicine;
6. John's wort drawn - the habitat of the species covers China, Mongolia, Korea, the Asian region of Russia. The species has medicinal properties, as part of the herb plant anthrachion hypericin and tannins. Folk healers use the plant in the practice of treating headaches, dizziness, bleeding, neuralgic lesions, eclampsia, mastitis, with attacks of rheumatism;
7. Tutsan- the species represents the flora of Europe, belongs to medicinal plants;
8. Tutsan- found in Europe, in the Caucasus. It is under protection in Lithuania, in Belarus it is listed in the Red Book. The flowers of the plant are used for the preparation of medicinal raw materials;
9. Tutsan- grows in Greece, Turkey, Syria, the Balkans. Grown as an ornamental culture;
10. Tutsanis a plant with powerful medicinal potential, widely used in folk medical practice. Source of dye in industry. It grows in northern Africa, in Central Asia, in the Crimea, on the Greek islands and in Spain;
11. Tutsanis endemic to the Arabian region and the Mediterranean. In Israel, the species is listed in the Red Book. It has long been used by folk healers of the Middle East;
12. Tutsanrough - grows in Central Asia, the Middle East, Altai. Medicinal plant and natural dye.
[one]
Tutsan(common) is a perennial plant, grass from 0.3 to 1 m high. The rhizome is poorly developed and slightly branched. Stems growing annually, dihedral, diverging into numerous branches upwards. The leaf arrangement is opposite, the leaves are sessile, smooth, oval or elongated, covered with many translucent spots - "holes". The flowers are bright, rich yellow, collected in corymbose panicles. The flowering period is summer. The fruit is a box, with small brown seeds, begins to ripen with the beginning of autumn. [2]
Tutsangrows near field roads, in thickets and thickets, in glades, in a forest belt, on slopes, meadows.
Growing conditions
Well-lit areas are suitable for planting. Before sowing, the soil is cleared of weeds and plowed, enriched with mineral and organic fertilizers (which makes it possible to increase the yield by an additional 20-30%). Peat compost and nitrogen, potash and phosphorus fertilizers are recommended as top dressing.
Sowing on the eve of the winter period is carried out without preliminary stratification, maintaining a distance between rows of 0.45 m and at the rate of 30-40 g of seed per 100 m2 of area. If Tutsanis sown in the spring, the seeds are stratified by mixing with sand and keeping at low temperatures for at least 60 days. After the emergence of seedlings, it is necessary to weed and loosen the aisles. These procedures are repeated 3 or 4 more times during the summer, in the first year of plant cultivation. In subsequent years, the site is cleared of dead stems and the soil is plowed with a rake. [3]
Tutsanis harvested at the flowering stage, before immature fruits appear. The grass is mowed or cut with sickles, separating the apical parts of the plant at a height of 0.3 m. Bare leafless parts are not subject to collection. 30-45 days after the first cut, the vegetation period is completely repeated and flowering begins again. The plant is mowed again. The crop yield of the third year is much higher than that of the plantations of the second year. The grass is dried in well-ventilated rooms (or outdoors, provided there is no precipitation and in a shady place), scattered in a thin layer and systematically mixed. Tutsancan also be dried in bunches suspended in the shade. The readiness of raw materials is determined by the degree of fragility of the stems. Properly dried material has a faint but distinct balsamic aroma. Permissible storage period - up to 3 years.
Insufficiently experienced herbalists during the collection confuse Tutsanwith dyed gorse , a representative of the legume family. This is a low shrub plant, the leaves are linear or lanceolate, the stems are bare or sparsely pubescent, yellow irregular flowers of the moth type are collected in long racemose inflorescences. The fruits are elongated beans with a slightly curved shape. [2]
Power circuit
Bumblebees and bees collect pollen from Tutsanflowers. Tutsanflies and beetles feed on pollen. The bright flowers of the plant also attract wasps and butterflies, the purpose of which is nectar, but it is the flowers of Tutsanthat practically do not produce. Strymon butterfly caterpillars melinus feed on the seeds of St. John's wort, and caterpillars of Nedra ramosula - foliage.
Literature
1. Wikipedia, article "St. John's wort"
2. Reference book on preparations of medicinal plants / D. S. Ivashin, Z. F. Katina, I. Z. Rybachuk et al. - 6th ed., isp. and additional - K .: Harvest, 1989. - 288 p.: ill.
3. Mamchur F. I., Gladun Ya. D. Medicinal plants in the garden. - K. Harvest, 1985. - 112 p., ill.
4. Mineral Content of Some Medicinal Herbs. Gogoasa I, Jurca Violeta , Alda Liana Maria and others // Volume 17(4), 65-67, 2013, JOURNAL of Horticulture, Forestry and Biotechnology, source
5. Karhut V.V. Living Pharmacy - K. Health, 1992. - 312 p., ill., 2, arch . ill.
6. Medicinal plants: encyclopedic reference book / ed. A. M. Grodzinsky. - K.: Olimp, 1992. -544 p.: ill.
7. Karhut V. V. Medicines around us. - K .: Health, 1993. - 232 p.
8. Nosal I. M. From plant to man. - K.: Veselka, 1993. - 606 p.
9. TUTSAN// The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Complete Herbal, by Nicholas Culpeper, source
10. Medical Attributes of Tutsan( Hypericum perforatum ), source
11. Clinical risks of St John's Wort ( Hypericum perforatum ) co-administration, source
12. Neuroprotective Activity of Hypericum perforatum and Its Major Components, source
13. Hypericum for depression , source
14. STUDYING THE NEUROTROPIC ACTIVITY OF NEW MEDICINES FROM THE HERB St. John's Wort, source
15. STUDY OF THE EXTRACTION OF HYPERICIN FROM HUMAN WORK (HYPERICUM PERFORATUM L), source
16. Edible & Medicinal Flowers. Margaret Roberts. New africa Books , 2000.
An extended HTML version of the article is available on the website edaplus.info. Hypericum - useful properties, composition and contraindications
Eliseeva Tatyana, editor-in-chief of the project EdaPlus.info
Journal.edaplus.info - Журнал здорового питания и диетологии Tkacheva Natalia, phytotherapist, nutritionist E-mail: eliseeva.t@edaplus.info, tkacheva.n@edaplus.info
Received 03/27/18
Abstract. The article discusses the main properties of Tutsanand its effect on the human body. A systematic review of modern specialized literature and relevant scientific data was carried out. The chemical composition and nutritional value of the plant are indicated, the use of Tutsanin various types of medicine and the effectiveness of its use in various diseases are considered. The potentially adverse effects of Tutsanon the human body under certain medical conditions and diseases are analyzed separately. Considered scientific basics diets With his application.
