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«TURKU» (FOLKLORE) OF THE TURKISH PEOPLE Ковтоуа О.А.
Kosimova Odilakhon Akhmadzhonovna - Lecturer, DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND THEORY OF UZBEK MAQOM, UZBEK NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MUSICAL ART NAMED AFTER YUNUS RAJABI, TASHKENT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the Turkish people are among the peoples who value their traditions, history and musical culture. Turkish music is ancient and perfect at the level of the country's history, has a philosophical content and history. In the same way that the Turks call composers "ashik", folklore music is called "turku" (Turku), and not "folklore" as in other nations. What is folklore? The English word "folklore" means "folk", "lore" means knowledge, science. Its meaning is "folk art", i.e. works created by the people and widely distributed among the people (fairy tales, epics, songs, proverbs, proverbs, proverbs, riddles, etc.), wise words created in the course of a long history of people are the most important part of national folklore.
Keywords: tradition, music, history, philosophy, science, composer, ashik, people, songs.
«ТУРКУ» (ФОЛЬКЛОР) ТУРЕЦКОГО НАРОДА Косимова О.А.
Косимова Одилахон Ахмаджоновна - преподаватель, кафедра истории и теории узбекского макома, Узбекский национальный институт музыкального искусства им. Юнуса Раджаби, г. Ташкент, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: турецкий народ относится к числу народов, дорожащих своими традициями, историей и музыкальной культурой. Турецкая музыка, древняя и совершенная, на уровне истории страны имеет философское содержание и историю. Точно так же, как турки называют композиторов «ашик», фольклорная музыка называется «турку» (Turku), а не «фольклор», как у других народов. Что такое фольклор? Английское слово «folklore » означает «народный», «lore» означает знание, науку. Его значение — «народное искусство», т.е. произведения, созданные народом и широко распространенные в народе (сказки, былины, песни, пословицы, пословицы, пословицы, загадки и др.), мудрые слова, созданные в ходе многовековой истории людей, - важнейшая часть национального фольклора.
Ключевые слова: традиция, музыка, история, философия, наука, композитор, ашик, народ, песни.
The folklorist, philologist V.Ya.Propp, a Russian national, who dedicated his whole life to scientific research on Turkish music, is considered one of the founders of folklore studies and wrote many books on folklore studies, defines the term folklore in his book called "Theory and History of Folklore". "The term folklore appeared in the West - in Germany, France. The philosophical meaning is broad and is primarily about the oppressed class - that is, peasants and workers. And folklore was considered the art of the lower-middle class" [1, 10-15] It follows that "folklore" is folklore.
The original translation of the word Turku ("Turku") is "folk song" and is interpreted by Turks as meaning Turkish, belonging to Turks, unique to Turks. Turku is divided into 2 stylistic groups, i.e. "Uzun Hava" (long tune) and "Kirik Hava" (short tune). Uzbek musicologist, associate professor I.A. Ganieva, in the textbook "History of Music of Eastern Countries", "there are two stylistic groups in Turkish folk music: long hava ("long tune") and kirik hava ("short tune"). Long melodious songs based on a wide range and free rhythm are mainly about love (bozloq) and mourning (agyt). "Kirik air has a small range and flat rhythms, and it is possible to include dance tunes, i.e. lovers' songs, in this group."
The Republic of Turkey consists of 83 cities, and these regions have turkus (i.e. folk songs). We know that there are 81 groups named after the cities of the Republic of Turkey, and these groups are in the form of a series, that is, from at least 9 songs to 22 songs. These are:
1. Adana groups (13);
2. Ag'ry groups (11);
3. Adyaman tribes (12);
4. Aydyn groups (12);
5. Aksaray groups (12);
6. Amasya tribes (11);
7. Ankara Turku (22);
8. Antalya groups (11);
9. Ardakhan tribes (12);
10. Artvin groups (13);
11. Opium groups (13);
12. Bayburt groups (12);
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Balykesir tribes (12); Bartyn groups (12); Batman series (12); Bilezhik groups (12); Bengali tribes (12); Bitlis groups (13); Bolu groups (12); Burdur groups (12); Bursa groups (9); Van groups (12); Gaziantep Turku (12); Giresun tribes (12); Humushkhane groups (12); Denizli Turku (12); Diyarbakir Turku (12); Duzhe groups (12); Yozgat tribes (12); Zonguldak groups (12); Igdyr tribes (12); Izmir Turku (12); Spartan tribes (12); Istanbul groups (12); Kayseri tribes (12); Karabuk tribes (12); Karaman tribes (12); Kars groups (12); Kastamonu tribes (11); Kahramanmarash groups (12); Kilis tribes (12); Koja tribes (12); Konya Turku (12); Kutakhya tribes (13); Kyrklareli groups (11); Kyrshekhir Turku (12); Kyrykkale Turku (12); Malatya tribes (12); Manisa tribes (11); Mardin Turku (12); Mersin (ichel) Turku (12); Mughal tribes (12); Mush groups (12); Nevshekhir Turku (12); Nigde tribes (12); Army regiments (12); Osmanie Turku (12); Rize groups (12); Sakarya tribes (12); Samsun groups (12); Sivas tribes (12); Siirt tribes (12); Sinop groups (12); Tekirdag groups (12); Tokat groups (12); Trabzon groups (12); Tunjeli Turku (12); Ushak groups (12); Hakkari Turku (12); Hatay tribes (12); Canakkale Turku (13); Chankyry groups (14); Chorum groups (12); Shanly ethnic groups (12); Shyrnak groups (12);
76. Edime Turku (12);
77. Elazyg groups (12);
78. Erzinjan tribes (22);
79. Erzurum tribes (12);
80. Old shekhir groups (12);
81. Yalova tribes (12).
The following turks are the ones we know, and Turkish folk music is not limited to this. There are many folk songs and tunes, whose author and history of origin remain unknown, but which are loved and performed by the people to this day. If we have general information about the Turkish music culture through the Internet, we can get more in-depth information through the literature, monographs and manuscripts of many Turkish and Russian scientists who conducted scientific research on Turkish music and wrote it down as a result. We can cite many sources of Turkish folklore as an example. In these books, Turkish folk music, like the folk music of other nations, explains that music and literature (words) are closely related and complement each other. For example, folklorist V.Ya. Propp in his book "Theory and History of Folklore" states that folklore is considered a special type of folk art and that folklore and literature are partially compatible with each other in poetic genres. Also, the folklorist noted that there is a clear similarity between the aims and methods of folklore and literature, that one of the literary aims of folklore is to distinguish and examine the genre category and each specific genre. If we analyze, the morphological characteristics of folklore and literary works are different, and it is somewhat difficult to explain this difference through literary analysis. The reason is that, considering the epic genres, we cannot distinguish anything except the development of the poem and the introduction-conclusion parts. Folk art has its own means of expression, such as repetitions, parallels, etc. Another important difference between folklore and literature is that literary works invariably have a specific author, while folk art, on the contrary, does not have an author.
Turkish music is very comprehensive and multifaceted, and is a heritage of the Turkish nation that is still being studied today and is still not fully explored. It is possible to support scientific works by taking some groups of the Turkish people by region. Turkish folk art has an infinite and philosophical idea and history like a spring.
References / Список литературы 1. Propp V. Ya. Folklor teori ve tarih. Istanbul, 1998.
