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«TURKS» IN TURKISH MUSICAL CULTURE Ковтоуа О.А.
Kosimova Odilakhon Akhmadzhonovna - Lecturer, DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY AND THEORY OF UZBEK MAQOM, UZBEK NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MUSICAL ART NAMED AFTER YUNUS RAJABI, TASHKENT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the Republic of Uzbekistan has achieved rapid development in various fields and has held meetings and agreements with the leaders of many countries to further strengthen international relations. In recent years, opportunities for the younger generation have been expanding in the Republic. The opening in Tashkent of a branch of a number of prestigious European universities provided great benefits for young people to receive education in foreign countries on a broad basis. And it should be emphasized that such a great work carried out under the leadership of the head of our state will certainly serve to strengthen relations between the Republic of Uzbekistan and other regions - the countries of Asia and Europe. For example, over the past 5 years, a number of prestigious universities of the Republic of South Korea, Great Britain, Turkey and India have opened their branches in Uzbekistan.
In this article, we give brief information about the Republic of Turkey and its musical culture, a country with its great kingdom, ancient history and culture that has left its name in world history. Keywords: music, development, history, culture, art, creativity, dance, cycle.
«ТУРКИ» В ТУРЕЦКОЙ МУЗЫКАЛЬНОЙ КУЛЬТУРЕ
Косимова О.А.
Косимова Одилахон Ахмаджоновна - преподаватель, кафедра истории и теории узбекского макома, Узбекский национальный институт музыкального искусства им. Юнуса Раджаби, г. Ташкент, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: Республика Узбекистан добилась стремительного развития в различных областях и провела встречи и договоренности с руководителями многих стран для дальнейшего укрепления международных отношений. В последние годы в Республике расширяются возможности молодого поколения. Открытие в Ташкенте филиалов ряда престижных европейских университетов предоставило большие льготы для молодежи, чтобы получить образование в зарубежных странах на широкой основе. И следует подчеркнуть, что такая большая работа, проводимая под руководством главы нашего государства, безусловно, послужит укреплению отношений между Республикой Узбекистан и другими регионами - странами Азии и Европы. Например, за последние 5 лет на территории Узбекистана открыли свои филиалы ряд престижных вузов Республики Южная Корея, Великобритании, Турции и Индии.
В данной статье мы даем краткую информацию о Турецкой Республике и ее музыкальной культуре, стране со своим великим королевством, древней историей и культурой, которая оставила свое имя в мировой истории.
Ключевые слова: музыка, развитие, история, культура, искусство, творчество, танец, цикл.
In this article, we will give brief information about the Republic of Turkey and its music culture, a country with its great kingdom, ancient history and culture, which has left its name in the history of the world, and whether it has similarities with Uzbek music culture or not. let's try.
It is known that the Turkish people are famous all over the world not only for their rich history, but also for their catchy tunes, movies and series, historical monuments, national costumes, and of course, national dishes. Turkish people show their music, traditions and values through movies and series. Professionals in the field of the film industry - it is Turkish creators who have recognized that they are very fast and enjoy their work. It should also be said that filmmakers of the Republic of Turkey have made many films and TV series based on historical sources. For example, we can cite "Hukmdor Osman", "Fatikh", "Mukhtasham yuy yil" and others.
As Turkish movies and series are presented to the audience enriched with the national music and traditions of the Turkish people, the main factor that attracts the audience is Turkish music. Of course, the music of the Turkish people is divided into modern and ancient songs. Like the music of other Eastern peoples, we divide Turkish music into 2 groups: verbal folk music and non-verbal folk music.
Verbal folk music usually refers to folk songs, while non-verbal folk music includes regional instrumental melodies. Classical Turkish folk music consists of folk songs, many of which are anonymous and, in various regions, wordless folk music. Modern Turkish folk music, on the other hand, is folk music with specific lyrics and composition, reshaped on the basis of old musical patterns in the 1970s. It is closely connected with Turkish folk music, dances and folklore, and according to its general characteristics, it is divided into forms such as tsak, bengi, and zeybek. Dances make up a large layer of folk music art and are often associated with rituals, labor processes,
and religious ceremonies [1, 74]. It is no exaggeration to say that this is one of the similarities between Uzbek music culture and Turkish culture.
Until the 1970s, Turkish folk music was passed down through the ages orally. By 1970, "TRT" i.e. Turkish Radio and Television Corporation was established in Turkey. TRT has collected and archived many unknown folk songs, and local performers re-record many forgotten folk songs in their regions.
The Turkish Radio and Television Corporation was the first and only organization that was accepted and established by the decision of TRT on May 1, 1952. If we study the melodic structures of Turkish folk music in detail, these tunes are created in duet and quintet intervals and do not clearly show gamma and tonality, and the range of sound ends in an octave (limited to 8 voices). It should also be said that Turkish folk music consists of melodies and forms.
Turkish music and melodies have been absorbed into the blood of the people to such an extent that even a Turk who has not learned the science of music can sing Turkish melodies to his own ceremony. As the Turkish people are still singing the tunes that have been handed down from mouth to mouth for more than a thousand centuries, when you listen to modern and folk tunes, you may doubt that they are folk tunes. The reason is that the character of lad, nimpardas and moans that come between the curtains have been used in the works of modern composers, and this in itself has raised the old Turkish melodies and songs to the level of the times. As a result, classical tunes developed together with modern songs using melismatics. In Turkish music, there are "composers" known as ashiqs, who bring new interpretations of Turkish classical music to the public. The service of the lovers (composers) is great in bringing the Turkish folk tunes and songs to this day.
As in Uzbek classical music, maqams are considered national heritage, Turkish classical music also has maqams, which Turks call maqams. And in these maqams, we can find the maqams that come in the 12 maqams. By status, Turks mean a specific mode. Statuses are a complex and perfect category from time immemorial. Turks call "Turkuler" folk songs that are widespread and valuable together with Turkish statuses. "Turku" is translated into Uzbek as "folk song", and the Turks interpret it as belonging to the Turks, belonging to the Turks, unique to the Turks.
There are 83 cities in the Republic of Turkey, and each city has a series of songs, in which at least 12 to 24 songs are given. Turku is divided into 2 stylistic groups: "Uzun hava" ("long melody") and "Kirik hava" (short melody). And, each region has its own turkus (folk songs), agyts (martias) and game tunes. The turkus of 83 cities are not only different from each other, but also reflect the traditions, legends and stories of these cities in their melodies.
Turkul was created based on Turkish stories and short stories on various topics. Turks - folklore. Folklore is a genre that emerges based on people's life stories, inner experiences, past events. The poets and composers of most of Turku remain unknown. Here are some of the favorite songs of the Turkish people: - Eklemedir Koca Konak;
- Drama Koprusu;
- Yuksek Yuksek Tepelere;
- Ormanci;
- Odam Kireg Tutmuyor;
- Yemen Turkusu;
- Fincanin Etrafi Ye§il.
The turkus of each region are distinguished by several features in terms of tone, method and interpretation of performance. For example, in Ag'ry turkus, trumpets are mainly used and are of a dance character. Ag'ry turkus are distinguished from other urban turkus by a solo singer accompanied by a group of women and men. Some groups are performed by male and female groups. Since Agry is a city located in the Eastern part of Turkey, close to the border with Iran, the population is mainly engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry. Probably because of this, Ag'ry turkus have a cheerful, dancing character.
Turkus (folk songs; "folklore") are created by the people on the basis of events, stories and passed down from mouth to mouth over the centuries. Since wedding ceremonies are an important reality in human life in Turks, like all other peoples, there are several dances and tunes along with songs in Turku.
In conclusion, it should be noted that, as the Turkish kingdom has an ancient history, music culture also appeared in the palaces thousands of years ago, and since then it has reached the 21st century as an invaluable heritage. It is commendable that the Turks have been performing such a priceless musical heritage over the centuries without changing the style, tempo, method, interpretation of performance, on the contrary, preserving the original state, enriching it, and presenting it to the whole world in a new way and interpretation.
References / Список литературы
1. Ganieva I. Sharq mamlakatlai musiqasi tarixi. Toshkent, 2010.
