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TRENDS IN THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE HEALTH CARE FINANCING SYSTEM (CASE OF UZBEKISTAN AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES) Burieva N.H. (Republic of Uzbekistan) Email: [email protected]
Burieva Nigora Khasanovna - PhD in Economics, FACULTY OF STATE TRUST FUNDS AND BUDGETARY ACCOUNTING, TASHKENT FINANCIAL INSTITUTE, TASHKENT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the article is necessary to the country's health care system, the basic functions of the industry and the state budget to finance the health care system have been studied. Features of foreign funding to the health sector in the countries studied. Health care costs in the state budget to improve the practice of management proposals. World experience shows that the health care system transformation through the health insurance system has been introduced, and the state has created the conditions to reduce health care costs. Health, intelligence and of great importance to the influence of education and science of sports. In our opinion, the modernization of the economy, health care facilities and financial resources management, the main attention to the development of international standards.
Keywords: the state budget, social workers, human capital, social security, medical insurance, finance, government, health care, health care, foreign governments.
ТЕНДЕНЦИИ В УЛУЧШЕНИИ СИСТЕМЫ ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЯ
ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ УЗБЕКИСТАНА И ЗАРУБЕЖНЫХ СТРАН) Буриева Н.Х. (Республика Узбекистан)
Буриева Нигора Хасановна - кандидат экономических наук, факультет государственных целевых фондов и бюджетного бухгалтерского учета, Ташкентский финансовый институт, г. Ташкент, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: в статье изучены основные функции отрасли системы здравоохранения и государственный бюджет для финансирования системы здравоохранения. Изучены особенности зарубежного финансирования сектора здравоохранения в различных странах. Мировой опыт показывает, что система здравоохранения трансформируется через систему медицинского страхования, и государства создали условия для сокращения расходов на здравоохранение. Здоровье и интеллект имеет большое значение для воздействия на образование и спорт. По нашему мнению при модернизации экономики учреждений здравоохранения и управления финансовыми ресурсами основное внимание уделяется разработке международных стандартов.
Ключевые слова: государственный бюджет, социальные работники, человеческий капитал, социальное обеспечение, медицинское страхование, финансы, правительство, здравоохранение, здравоохранение, иностранные правительства.
Using the funds allocated by the state budget for the development of science and technology in the development of the social needs of the state and public security issues. In this low -income and vulnerable populations through the development of priority sectors of the economy, ensuring social protection measures. Health systems financing program of medical services, medicines and sanitary-epidemiological services, which in principle is based on the level of demand and the cost of its development. Health care institutions to provide financial resources can be grouped into the following types.
1. State funds: a) financing of health services through the state and local budget revenues; b) health investment projects on the basis of loans and loans through international financial institutions.
2. The budgetary resources: a) medical insurance; b) paid medical services; c) not to use the tools of the facility lease [1].
Expenses involved in the modernization of the economy, the state budget for the social sector accounted for the years 2005-2011 around 9-10 % of GDP.
All countries are among the "social good" health care. These include the reduction of disease risk, promoting healthy lifestyles and support services, and environmental improvement. For example, in the treatment of infectious and socially dangerous diseases in the society in the violence, which has managed to prevent the occurrence of negative divided. Social welfare is important to restore the health of the population, the popularity and the high level of medical services. As a welfare indicator of per capita health spending share of GDP. Depending on the financial capacity of the different countries this figure significantly. If the amount allocated to the social sector in the Russian Federation was 17% for GDP, and in some European countries, such as Austria, Germany, Sweden, Italy and Belgium, the total expenditure on health amounted to 13% of the budget. One of the goals of the ongoing economic and social reforms in our country is aimed at human development, the development of "human capital" and the construction of civil society. The average of the countries by the United Nations Development Index 1990. Development Index ranked higher than harm in the world. "The human capital of the world" factors in health and education, the Uzbek model of development, health, sports, education, science, the family, the neighborhood, such as structural parts. It should be noted that in 2016 year "The framework of the State program" of a healthy mother and child to strengthen the protection of the health of the mother and the child, a healthy and harmoniously developed generation of wide package of measures is being implemented, funding from all sources of 8 trillion sums and 212 million directed. Health care has traditionally performs the following functions:- to control the situation in the country and its individual regions of Epidemiology and fight against infectious diseases; - the protection of the health of mothers and children;- to ensure the sanitary status of the regulatory environment; - sanitary and propaganda work;- preventive and curative medical services related to data collection, aggregation, processing, and on this basis to assess the financial needs for preventive works.
On decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Measures the further development of the private sector in the field of Health decree" of 2017 1 April to promote the all-round development of the private sector in the field of health care, private medical institutions in the provision of quality health care in order to create the necessary conditions for the study" [3].
In recent years, public health care sector reform and measures to improve the implementation of the sustainable development of the private sector in the field of medical attention. In this sector, the country's health care system, public health care services provided by a wide range of fill to raise the quality of medical services and the service is considered as an important component.
In general, the necessary conditions for the functioning of the private sector in the field of medical conditions. "Citizens of the Republic of Uzbekistan" On the health care law provides for the development of the private sector in the health sector in the country. Private health care regulation and licensing system in the country. They all kinds of taxes and mandatory payments, as well as new, imported medical equipment free of customs duties on the privileges given [2].
Three models of the global practice of health care financing. The first model - a system of private health insurance, the health of the population's personal funds. At the same time part of the lonely elderly people in need of social protection of the population, carried out preventive measures against the epidemic is funded by the state and the main tool to meet the demand for medical services market. This model is valid in the United States. The second model - the state insurance funds to finance the cost of the medical field. In this model, taxes are collected in the form of compulsory insurance fees, the distribution of the funds collected by government agencies. In this system, the United Kingdom, Canada, Italy, Denmark, Ireland, Spain and other countries. The third model in practice, the social protection of the population of the state regulation and market-based health care and social insurance system, multi-channel finance. The population of the state is guaranteed to receive medical care, regardless of income level. The main part of this model of compulsory health insurance. Foreign experience shows that the cost of medical services carried
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out a variety of sources:- State budget; - compulsory health insurance;- private health insurance;-the purchase of off-budget funds (medical services) [6].
There are three mechanisms of financing the health care system in Russia: federal and regional compulsory medical insurance; insurance; paid medical care. The above-mentioned sources of financing the health care system in the world for only a single use. It should be noted that all the countries listed in the financing of the national healthcare systems mix of sources. For example, in Germany, the Netherlands, France, Japan, Canada and other countries, compulsory medical insurance system is highly developed. Great Britain, Sweden, Italy, Spain, Greece budget financing system in common. Sustainable forms of activity of the private health insurance system in the United States. CIS countries occupy in the system of financing the budget priorities, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Georgia, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, countries such as the introduction of compulsory social health insurance [6].
EU citizens, 84 million of them use private medical insurance. In particular, 22.3 million. Germany, 16.2 million. - citizens of the Netherlands [4]. The following features should be noted that the German public health insurance [5]:
- in spite of getting medical service and social justice, is not related to the volume and quality of health care insurance premiums; working not only citizens but also members of his family insurance; marked the border between compulsory and voluntary health insurance systems; Required guaranteed the right to have health insurance, private medical insurance services established quotas; medical services (50% of the payment for hospital treatment and medications) compensation at the expense of the patient;
- state medical institutions in the health care system has the advantage.
In France, the share of expenditure on the health care system for the state is high. This government health spending reached 11.6 p% of GDP (OECD) member countries of the OECD average (9.3) the highest costs. In turn, the Netherlands, the figure is 11.9 % and 17.7 % in the United States. 4118 per capita (PPP US $, 2011) [4].
The above data shows that the public service is the introduction of a new economic mechanisms in the development of new instruments, national and international experience in the development and distribution, financial management systems will require a lot of time to try a variety of options. Therefore, it is important to economic experiments. Examples of best practice to move the selection, savings and allows you to avoid unnecessary losses" [4]. Private medical institutions to promote large-scale introduction of the system of medical insurance, the provision of guaranteed free medical care provided by the state, along with quality and affordable health services creates additional opportunities for paid medical services for the rapid development of the market.
The development of private medical services related to the solvency of the population in terms of their ability to pay, the more the demand for these services increases. Management of the health care system and the need for public participation in the financing of the lens, which is a result of this operating system, should take into account the specific characteristics of medical services.
In a word, the financing of medical services in foreign countries, the role of the state budget funds, insurance funds. In particular, the social relations developed in Germany, the UK, the budgetary role. The importance of specific, voluntary health insurance in the Netherlands is characterized with compulsion. World experience shows that the health care system transformation through the health insurance system has been introduced, and the state has created the conditions to reduce health care costs. Health, intelligence and of great importance to the influence of education and science of sports. In our opinion, the modernization of the economy, health care facilities and financial resources management, the main attention to the development of international standards.
References / Список литературы
1. Enactment of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On protection of the health of citizens" of
29.08.1996. № 265-1.
2. State Program "Year's resolution" of The President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "Healthy
mother and child", 2016. 9 February.
3. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan " On Measures the further development of the private sector in the field of Health decree", 2017. 1 April.
4. The Private Health Insurance Market in Europe: Future trends, emerging opportunities and key players, 2010.
5. Alekseev V.A., Zadvornaya O.L. Public health services of Germany // Public health. Moscow, 2010. № 7. P. 87-99.
6. Public budgeting systems / Robert Lee, Ronald Johnson, and Philip Joyce. Ninth Edition, 2013. by Jones & Bartlett Learning. LLC. An Ascend Learning Company. Р. 202.
ON SHELF AVAILABILITY INDEX (OSA) ON RUSSIAN NETWORK RETAIL MARKET: PROBLEMS AND WAYS OF IMPROVEMENT Azarkina N.O. (Russian Federation) Email: [email protected]
Azarkina Nadezhda Olegovna - Bachelor of Economics, WORLD ECONOMY DEPARTMENT, SAINT-PETERSBURG STATE UNIVERSITY, SAINT-PETERSBURG
Abstract: the article reviews On Shelf Availability index (OSA) and Out-Of-Stock index (OOF), describing the situation of goods availability at trade points. The article provides with statistics on the average OSA level on Russian network retail market and describes the main methods of indicators calculating. The main causes of the OOS situation on the Russian market are analyzed. The article also suggests ways of solving the OOS problem, considered on a specific example from the practice of Russian companies.
Keywords: sale service level, On Shelf Availability index, Out-Of-Stock index, joint planning, network retail.
ПОКАЗАТЕЛЬ НАЛИЧИЯ ТОВАРА НА ПОЛКЕ (OSA) НА РОССИЙСКОМ РЫНКЕ СЕТЕВОЙ РОЗНИЦЫ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПУТИ СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ Азаркина Н.О. (Российская Федерация)
Азаркина Надежда Олеговна - бакалавр экономических наук, кафедра мировой экономики, Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, г. Санкт-Петербург
Аннотация: в статье рассматривается показатель наличия товара на полке (OSA - On Shelf Availability) и показатель (OOS - Out of Stock), описывающий обратную ситуацию отсутствия товара. Приведена статистика по среднему уровню показателя OSA на российском рынке сетевой розницы, а также рассмотрены основные методики расчета показателей. Проанализированы основные причины возникновения ситуации OOS на российском рынке. В статье также предложены пути решения проблемы OOS, рассмотренные на конкретном примере из практики российских компаний. Ключевые слова: уровень логистического сервиса, доступность товара на полке, отсутствие товара, совместное планирование, сетевая розница.
Основной целью деятельности любой компании является максимизация прибыли и минимизация издержек. Главной задачей предприятий розничной торговли в направлении максимизации прибыли является стабильное обеспечение конечного потребителя соответствующим его спросу количеством продукции. Тенденция к увеличению доли сетевых игроков рынка ритейла в общем объеме оборота российской розницы ставит перед компаниями все больше задач, связанных с обеспечением потребителей необходимым
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