CC BY
6
UDC 911.5/ 9
Isayev A.A., candidate of geographical sciences
docent
Andijan State University Uzbekistan, Andijan Samiyev U.A.
Lecturer Andijan State University Uzbekistan, Andijan Odilov N.K.
Lecturer Andijan State University Uzbekistan, Andijan
TRANSPORT GEOGRAPHY AND SOME ISSUES OF TRANSPORTATION CARDS IN THIS FIELD
Annotation: The article highlights the investigates in the field of transport geography and some features of their mapping.
Keywords: Transport geography, freight and passenger transference, logistics center, free economic zone, traffic signs.
In the classification of economic and social geography, transport geography is a less learned realm and the issues of transport mapping are topical. Consequently, while transport is investigated geographically as a separate system, the advance of its maps is a vital task today.
It is expedient to distribute transport cards into three types, chiefly due to the specific nature of transport and the division into sectors. That is, general transport, complex and narrowband transport cards. In special studies on the geography of transport, in addition to the above, freight and passenger transport cards are particularly divided. The reason is that the foremost result of the work of transport is transportation. Cargo flows, economical transport relations, its size, directions and composition, as well as the level of development of transport routes in the maps expose the scenery of the area.
Prior to the publication of "The complex Atlas of Uzbekistan" (1985), transport was poorly mapped as a sector of the national economy. Of the 21 cards published in 1961, only one was about "The Road Map". The atlas of local lore which was issued in 1981 contained only the map "Ways of Communication". The Republican complex atlas covers the following maps: railway transport (sending and receiving cargo), transport network, freight transport, bus transport, air transport (international and domestic air routes) [1].
In order to prepare modern transport cards, firstly it is necessary to classify their precise topics. International economic transport links (exports and imports)
and interregional economic communication cards are needed. These maps should clearly demonstrate the layout of the railways, composed with the railway stations, the freight and passenger turnover in them, the freight flows on the railways, the flow of passengers. Figures can also be added to transport cards, such as the fleet and its condition, road transport, external and internal bus connections, passenger, cargo, mail delivery by mode of transport and transport logistics centers, free economic zones by type and importance of roads and railways.
The mapping of transport economic relations differs from other mapping in many respects. Natural geographical factors should also be reflected in transport maps. The object is that these aspects have a huge impact on the settlement of transport. Especially the relief of the place, the hydrographic network has a great influence on the passageway of transport corridors. Factors such as the geomorphological properties of the land and vegetation, climatic factors, changes in air temperature, the amount of precipitation, the degree of cloudiness of the sky, the pressure are significant factors in the position of airports. This determines the formation of other modes of transport. Socio-economic factors are inextricably linked with the intensity of transport, the location of the population and manufacturing enterprises in relation to transport, their distribution, density, the development of economic and social ties in the region. When forming transport maps, it is necessary to keep in mind the association between the indicators of vehicles and communication routes. [2] Communication routes may be publicized on a map of all transport networks, or may be depicted on separate maps: railways, highways, sea, rivers, and other waterways, or pipelines. Sometimes power line maps are included in communication sector maps, but these figures are given on more power maps. In fact, power lines are an electronic mode of transport and considered as a transport chart.
Mapping other indicators of the transport sector - is determined by studying the process of its operation. For example, mapping of freight and passenger traffic, its turnover, transport centers, nodes, points and the speed of traffic, train and car traffic and density over a period of time will rise the effectiveness of geographical investigation.
The final description of the transport sector is the indicators associated with economic and social relations at different regional levels. Based on the specific steps of transport economic relations, they can be divided as follows. Primarily, economic relations at the local level included transport links, transport between villages and towns; in a territorial unit - arrangements between parts of economic regions; interregional - relations on major economic regions; interstate and global - the world economy. When mapping transport, general or sector mapping methods are used. For this reason, maps of general transport (all transport networks) and modes of transport are diverse.
Based on the typological principle, such a map, which has been created to date, defines the types of roads, their typological indicators (level, maintenance,
capacity, freight and passenger capacity) and types of transport centers, time distribution of transport, transport centers, specialization of nodes. Transport maps of Uzbekistan show the level of roads, distances to objects (in kilometers).
Transport maps can also be created for road transport types, such as railways, highways, and water transport maps (French National Atlas, 19531959). In this atlas, it is possible to evaluate the use of railways by providing slope pointers for railway crossings.
Some transport maps show the types of transport by administrative-territorial division and the level of coverage of the population with transport networks - the density of transport networks per unit area (for example, in 100 km, Czechoslovak National Atlas, 1967). Depending on the scale of the map, the distance from transport routes or points, ports to settlements is indicated. The remoteness of transport objects is given in terms of distance, sometimes in terms of time, at which time the time criterion in the transport system is taken into account (for example, the average speed of the bus is 30 km / h, the range of traffic is 15 min., Etc.). Such pointers determine the time it takes to touch transport points and the bounds of transport service, for example, a 60- or 90-minute journey; the level of traffic to main cities is observed. The level of traffic shows the density of the population and the number of people.
The map also describes the operation of the road in terms of freight points and freight volume, quantitative indicators of volume and composition. By type of transportation - coal, petroleum products, iron ore, bakery products, salts, cars, etc. Freight and passenger transport charts are created in the form of symbols. In this method, the freight arrangement of the automobiles is not filled with map characters when the arrival and departure times are given by the characters, as they are selected in the content view.
For freight and passenger charts, the method of moving characters is used. It is important to label the richness of vehicles, for which it is advisable to use the method of signs and place them next to traffic points or traffic lanes. Transport efficiency is given on transport economic communication maps. Various indicators are used to create this map: weighted, natural, precious and others. Transport communication charts are generated as a result of the use of moving signs - content strips, content chart diagrams and signs, or in combination with the methods mentioned in the names. Today, the increase in traffic in cities is leading to a growth in traffic jams. By taking this issues into account, it is advisable to highlight the areas where the traffic jams are ubiquitous on the maps. Furthermore, mapping of highways in accordance with modern geographic information systems will increase the effectiveness of scientific research.
References:
1. Asomov M., Mirzaliev T. Basics of topography and laboratory classes in cartography (textbook). Tashkent: Teacher, 1990.
2. Baranskiy N.N., Transfiguration A.I. Economical cartography. M., 1962.
3. Berlyant A.M. Cartography. M., 2002.
