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1EURASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, PHILOSOPHY AND CULTURE
Innovative Academy Research Support Center IF = 8.165 www.in-academy.uz
TRANSLATION PROBLEMS OF SOME ENGLISH WORDS INTO KARAKALPAK LANGUAGE Usakhov Rustem Muratovich
Assistant teacher of Nukus Innovation Institute https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14223541
EURASIAN I0URNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
PHILOSOPHY AND CULTURE
ARTICLE INFO
Received: 21th November 2024 Accepted: 25th November 2024 Online: 26th November 2024
KEYWORDS Translation challenges, English to Karakalpak, semantic equivalence, cultural context, lexical gaps, idiomatic expressions, linguistic
differences, structural problems, borrowing, paraphrasing, cross-cultural communication.
ABSTRACT
Translation is a complex process that involves not only the substitution of words but also the transfer of cultural and linguistic nuances. Translating English words into Karakalpak language presents unique challenges due to differences in grammatical structures, cultural contexts, and lexical resources. This article explores the translation problems encountered in rendering some English words into Karakalpak, highlighting semantic, structural, and cultural difficulties.
Introduction. The increasing globalization of languages and cultures has made translation an essential tool for communication. English, as a global lingua franca, often serves as a source language in various translations. However, translating English words into Karakalpak poses numerous challenges. These challenges arise from linguistic differences, limited terminological equivalence, and the cultural specificity of certain English terms [5, 117122].
To begin with, Karakalpak is an agglutinative language with a rich morphology, while English relies on analytical structures. Consequently, the transfer of meaning between these languages requires not only linguistic expertise but also cultural sensitivity. In this article, we will delve into the problems associated with semantic equivalence, cultural context, and lexical gaps [2, 143-155].
One of the primary challenges in translation is achieving semantic equivalence. While some English words have direct equivalents in Karakalpak, others do not, resulting in ambiguity or a loss of meaning. For instance: Polysemy: Words with multiple meanings in English, such as "bank" (a financial institution or the side of a river), can create confusion during translation. In Karakalpak, these meanings would require distinct terms, like bank for the financial institution and jaga for a riverbank. Synonymy: English synonyms often lack one-to-one equivalents in Karakalpak. For example, "smart," "intelligent," and "clever" may all be translated as aqilli, but the nuanced differences are often lost.
Moreover, idiomatic expressions and phrasal verbs in English are notoriously difficult to render into Karakalpak. Phrases such as "kick the bucket" or "spill the beans" require
EURASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, PHILOSOPHY AND CULTURE
Innovative Academy Research Support Center IF = 8.165 www.in-academy.uz
descriptive translations that convey the intended meaning without relying on direct lexical equivalence.
Translation is not merely a linguistic activity; it is also cultural. Many English words and phrases are deeply rooted in Western cultural contexts, making their translation into Karakalpak problematic. 1.Terms like "Thanksgiving," "pub," or "bachelorette party" have no direct equivalents in Karakalpak culture. Translators often resort to explanations or borrowings, which can dilute the original meaning or fail to resonate with Karakalpak speakers. For example, "pub" might be translated as bar, but this does not capture the cultural significance associated with British pubs.
2. English words related to social and political systems, such as "lobbying" or "filibuster," have no counterparts in Karakalpak. Translators must either create new terms or provide extensive explanations, which can affect the readability and accessibility of the translated text.
Lexical gaps occur when a word or concept in one language has no equivalent in the target language. This is particularly common in technical, scientific, and modern fields. 1. With the rapid advancement of technology, many English terms, such as "smartphone," "cloud computing," and "artificial intelligence," lack established equivalents in Karakalpak. Translators often borrow these terms directly or adapt them phonologically, e.g., smartfon for "smartphone." 2. English borrowings in Karakalpak are often used in their original form or slightly adapted, such as kompyuter for "computer." While this approach is practical, it raises concerns about language purity and the over-reliance on borrowed terms [3, 184-192].
The structural differences between English and Karakalpak create additional challenges in translation.1. Word Order. English follows a Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) word order, while Karakalpak uses a Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) structure. This difference affects not only the translation of individual words but also the coherence of entire sentences. For example: English: "She is reading a book." Karakalpak: Ol kitap oqip atir. 2. Use of Articles. English articles (a, an, the) have no direct equivalents in Karakalpak. Their omission or improper use can lead to awkward translations. Translators must rely on context to determine whether a noun is definite or indefinite. 3. Verb tenses. English has a rich system of verb tenses that do not directly correspond to those in Karakalpak. For instance, the present perfect tense in English often requires contextual adjustments in Karakalpak, as the latter relies on auxiliary verbs and affixes to express aspect and tense.
To address these challenges, translators employ various strategies: Adaptation: Adapting culturally specific terms to make them relatable to Karakalpak speakers. Borrowing: Using English terms directly when no equivalent exists, especially in technical fields. Paraphrasing: Providing descriptive explanations for idiomatic expressions or culturally specific concepts. Contextualization: Adjusting translations to fit the cultural and linguistic norms of the Karakalpak audience.
Conclusion. Translating English words into Karakalpak is a multifaceted task that requires a deep understanding of both languages and cultures. The challenges of semantic equivalence, cultural differences, and structural discrepancies often necessitate creative solutions and compromises. By addressing these issues thoughtfully, translators can bridge the gap between English and Karakalpak, facilitating effective communication and cultural exchange.
EURASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, PHILOSOPHY AND CULTURE
Innovative Academy Research Support Center IF = 8.165 www.in-academy.uz
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