CC BY
17
Section 5. World economy
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20534/EJEMS-17-2-53-57
Dr. Dinh Trung Thanh, Master Nguyen Thi My HMng
Vinh University, Vietnam E-mail: [email protected]
Training for workers in the context of Nghe an arts integration Asean economic community
Abstract: With the formation of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), vocational training as well as many other areas in Vietnam will have more favorable opportunities for development but also facing many difficulties and challenges. Nghe An province is strategically important economic-social, defense-security, foreign affairs and the ecological environment of the province and the North Central region. Research to clarify the status of labor, employment in the province last year, opportunity, Challenges and solutions for employee training in Nghe An in the coming period is essential.
Keyword: Nghe An, ASEAN, Economics, Labor, For vocational schools.
1. The labor situation, employment in Nghe An age of the labor force in the province over 4 thousand
Nghe An province has a population of 4 th largest in people. In terms of structure, the majority of the the country. According to data of Nghe An Department workforce is young, aged 15-24 accounted for 17%, of Statistics in 2014, with average population of from 25-34 accounted for 20.36% and the percentage of 3,037,440 people, including 1,953,101 workers. The workers are employed in the economy through training annual average number of employees added to the accounting for 15.6% of technical subjects.
Table 1. - Labour force aged 15 and over by urban and rural areas, sex 2010-2014; Unit: Persons
Male Indicator 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Total 1,752,133 1,757,838 1,826,275 1,920,399 1,953,101
South 866,284 880,890 922,384 957,057 975,042
Female 885,849 876,948 903,891 963,342 978,059
Urban 207,602 223,811 229,989 242,276 282,358
Rural 1,544,531 1,534,027 1,596,286 1,678,123 1,670,743
Source: Statistical Office of Nghe An: Statistical Yearbook 2015
Labor and technical expertise focused on some occupations such as repair of motor vehicles, driver, clothing, electrical, electronic, ... and some too little craft laborers training as processing of agricultural, forestry,
aquaculture, construction materials. So, we can say the professional qualifications and professional work force Nghe An are still inadequate, failing to meet the demands posed by the labor market [1; 2].
Table 2. - Proportion of unemployed working age in 2010 to 2014 in Nghe An; Unit:%
Male Indicator 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Total 1.95 1.03 0.93 1.12 1.47
South 1.99 1.31 1.17 1.30 1.73
Female 1.92 0.74 0.67 0.94 1.22
Urban 4.96 3.87 2.52 2.96 2.86
Rural 1.58 0.61 0.70 0.86 1.24
Source: Statistical Office of Nghe An: Statistical Yearbook 2015
Through data compiled and released by the Nghe An province can be seen: The labor of Nghe An province is being added more sources to the working age population in the province. The unemployment rate for years of a specific province: 2010 is 1.95%, 2011 was 1.03%, 2012 is 0.93%, 1.12% 2013 and 2014 were 1.47%, so the unemployment rate tends to increase over the years; and according to Table 2, the unemployment rate in urban focused causes high unemployment rate in urban areas is due to the labor market development requires extensive high quality of labor, while not less training fields are not
consistent with requirements of the market. Together, the workers do not have a large proportion profession should increasingly difficult to find employment opportunities. That caused a considerable pressure to solve the problem of local employment; Low quality labor resources, not fitted career, technical expertise; The restructuring of rural workers is happening spontaneously, not orientation.
From a survey of Labor - Employment in the province of Nghe An, in terms of employment structure in the sector over the years as follows:
Table 3. - Number of people 15 and older have worked divided by sector 2011-2014
Unit:%
No. Year Economic Regions 2011 2012 2013 2014
1 Area 1 (Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries) 67.87 65.45 63.71 60.50
2 Area 2 (Industry and Construction) 13.72 12.53 13.74 14.98
3 Area 3 (Service) 18.41 22.02 22.55 24.52
Source: Statistical Office of Nghe An: Statistical Yearbo<
Practice the years the structure of labor employed in agriculture, forestry and fisheries in Nghe An are decreasing and the workforce in the commercial sector - services, industry - construction tends to increase. Specifically sector 1 (agriculture, forestry and fisheries) 67.87% from 65.45% in 2011 dropped to 2012, down 63.71% 60.50% in 2013 and decreased in 2014; Region 2 (industry and construction) were little changed in 2011 was 13.72%, 12.53% in 2012, 13.74% in 2013 was 14.98% and in 2014 is; Region 3 (services) tends to increase, 2011 was 22.02% 18.41% rise in 2012, increasing 22.55% 24.52% in 2013 and 2014. This shows a shift restructuring of rural workers from region 1 to region 3 and region 2; as well as to explain why the unemployment rate lower female labor male workers (table 2). However, the labor restructuring also spontaneous, workers were not prepared mentally as well as qualifications. Quality agricultural workers in rural areas at present, difficult to meet the needs of the workforce for the industrial park, as well as improve the quality of the service sector — trade. Past research shows that businesses in the province, the workforce does not meet local employers that have at other locations. To pro-actively and limit situation, improve the quality problem of human resources is a critical requirement in the economic development strategy of the province.
3. ASEAN Integration and opportunities and challenges for labor employment of Nghe An
Dated 31-12-2015, the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) was officially formed with more than 600 million people. ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) was formally established, Vietnam labor market
more open, needs quality human resources will open up huge employment opportunities for skilled workers. However, this is no small challenge when a large number of workers from countries AEC in Vietnam, creating competition with domestic labor. That requires vocational schools must be active links, improve.
To improve the quality of training, ready for ASEAN integration, the years, a number of vocational colleges in the province has actively learn, develop links with vocational training organizations, the countries in the region and the world; also sent teachers to visit, study abroad to enhance professional qualifications and language skills, from which renewal method suitable for vocational integration, international cooperation. Parallel to that, the schools also promote education for students ofASEAN integration and job opportunities for students to raise awareness of learning and training.
By the end of the month 9/2015, vocational schools in the province of enrollment for vocational training for 57 883 unique visitors, reaching 73.2% of the plan; according to statistics from the Department of Labor - Invalids and Social Affairs show that, from 2010 to the present, the percentage of students graduating from vocational Nghe find jobs yearly from 85-87%.
However, the current rate of trained labor in the province is only approximately 55%, while the rate of trained laborers to 46%. Among the vocational training institutions in the province, besides 3 Vocational College of Tourism - Commerce, College of Fisheries and the Ministry of Defense No.4 Vocational College of Economics - Industry of Vietnam - South Korea is
already home international link up vocational training establishments, the new rest stop at the joint training, jobs for students with local businesses. On the other hand, according to the general, the ability of foreign language and communication skills - important qualities in the integration of the participants is limited [3; 4; 5].
Many students and students only focus on improving skills, want to have a job in the province or in the country and not think about the employment opportunities abroad should not pay attention to foreign language skills.
It is easy to see, to find the last labor of session work, including graduates of universities, colleges or students, graduates of vocational schools as foreign language skills, skills very poor interview. This makes the number of workers found jobs in the session to do only about 6-7%, and if you find a job, the job is low-income.
4. Some solutions vocational training Nghe An in the current context
- Promote the propaganda to raise awareness ofpeople about the importance of literacy and vocational training; ramification, career orientation for high school students.
To promote ramification students, education — training Nghe aims to attract up to 2020 30% of students graduating from junior high school to professional secondary school and vocational school. The assignment of students after secondary school is an urgent requirement; a major task of education — training ofjunior secondary schools. The school must actually innovate, improve the quality of vocational education, special training to improve the capacity for management staff and teachers assigned to work towards vocational Common.
Thus, the work assignment students after graduation is not just limited in the scope of education that should have the attention, contributing of all levels and branches, from the central to local levels, the positive response of the whole society.
- Strengthening of the State investment associated with improving the implementation of the policy effective socialization and mobilization of resources for development of education and training, science - technology.
Continue to innovate and improve the quality of education overall; promoting investment to build universities, high quality vocational schools in the field of information technology, biotechnology, new materials technology ...Scaling and improve the quality of training universities and vocational training available.
System development research institutions, transfer of science - technology; attract research institutions, scientific and technological applications of ministries, central agencies, internationally headquartered in Nghe An.
- Successful implementation of social policies for ethnic minorities.
For sustainable development for ethnic minority and mountainous western Nghe An, requires synchronization solutions both economically, politically, culturally -social; at the same time in harmony immediate goals and long term goals. The solution is of primary importance to the investment interest of the Party and the State in the development of lines in mountainous regions such as, focused training, career development services, create jobs for the workers, investors interested in infrastructure, help people develop economic, cultural; investors exploit the advantages of natural conditions and natural resources [3; 5].
- Step up vocational training for rural workers.
Need to promote the knowledge of farmers, who
live in agricultural production. Implement programs to train farmers, increase the rate of trained workers up in the coming years mainly by adopting the form of short-term training, job training, learning, doing. To boost the agricultural, forestry and fishery in the districts in the province, particularly in mountainous districts of priority, with the common forms of new technology, processing technology, preservation of agricultural products, using chemical fertilizer use safety ... to make good content should: (i) establishment of training programs for the heads of households in each quintile as rich, poor; economic sectors; ... age of head of household; (ii) To diversify forms of training, emphasizing vocational training solution; (iii) Organization ofpropaganda to raise awareness about the rights and obligations of the state loan.
Local is a critical position, but Nghe An is facing increasing risk of lagging far behind other regions. Therefore, development of human resources, including training requires the participation of all levels, industry and civil society, with the synchronization solution, harmoniously combined with the immediate objective long-term goal.
- Planning, attracting, building universities, vocational training of high quality.
To call for investors with foreign capital sources, to formulate investment projects on the construction of Dong Kinh University and the International University on the basis of the provincial planning, meeting the regional and international standards, digging Create new occupations such as; Information technology, biotechnology, new material technology, etc., linking training with prestigious universities in the world and in the region to attract good students in the province and in the provinces.
Step by step to invest in facilities and teaching staff to upgrade Nghe An College of Art and Culture, Nghe
An Teachers College, Vocational College of Vietnam -Korea, Nghe An to university under planning until 2020.
- Select key training disciplines
For provincial-level universities, colleges and job-training schools
To carry out the annual recruitment of qualified targets to meet the demand of human resources for the province and other provinces in the region. In particular, enroll students in Vung Ang industrial zones (Nghi Son (Thanh Hoa), South-East Economic Zone (Nghe An), Hon La Economic Zone (Quang Binh) Chan May (Hue) economy and human resources for other services.
To select a number ofbranches and trades of training establishments for key investment, raising the quality of
training and attracting students.
For vocational schools
To implement Decision No. 854/QD-BLDTBXH dated June 6, 2013 on the approval of key occupations and schools selected for the key occupation period 20112015 and orientation to 2020. Of these, 13 provinces with 42 occupational categories are selected and approved by the Ministry of Labor, War Invalids and Social Welfare, including 10 key international occupations and 07 key occupations of the district. ASEAN and 25 key national level professions. The investment in key occupations will play an important role in the training of highly qualified technical workers, meeting the requirements oflabor not only in the home but also abroad [2; 5].
Table 4.
No School s name Level
International ASEAN Region Nation
1 2 3 4 5
1 Nghe An Tourism Vocational College Cooking techniques Tourguide Biotechnology
Hotel management
Managing a restaurant
2 Vocational Technical College of Vietnam - South Korea Mechatronics Maintenance of mechanical equipment system
Hate
Industrial electronics
Electrical installation and control engineering in industry Air conditioning and air conditioning technics
Industrial electricity
3 Viet Duc Vocational College of Nghe An Yogurt ship Construction techniques Hate
Industrial electricity
4 Yen Thanh Industrial and Agriculture Vocational College Breeding livestock and poultry
Hate
Fashion apparel
5 Nghe An Vocational Intermediate Vocational School No. 1 Cooking techniques
Car technology
Electrical
6 Nghe An Ethnic Vocational School Hate
Electrical
7 Nghe An Intermediate Vocational School of Economics - Industry -Handicraft Wood sculpture technique
Processing and designing carpentry products
Fashion apparel
8 Vocational School of Economics - Engineering Northern Nghe An Fashion apparel
Industrial electricity
9 Vocational School of Economics - Engineering Western Nghe An Aquatic
Plant protection
Industrial electricity
10 Vocational College No. 4 -Ministry of Defense Car technology Hate Industrial electricity
Air-Conditioning Engineering and air conditioning
Metal cutting
1 2 3 4 5
11 Do Luong Vocational School Agricultural machinery engineering
Fashion apparel
12 Vocational School of Economics - Nghi Loc techniques Electrical
Hate
13 Vocational School of Economics - Vinh Industrial Technology Air conditioning and air conditioning technics
For universities and colleges under their respective ministries and branches
Encouraging schools, continuing to invest in facilities, faculty members opening new discipline codes and master and doctoral degrees.
Improve the quality of training, affirm the brand name training in the country and the region, attract good students in Nghe An and neighboring provinces to study. Vinh University needs to attract good students to study pedagogy, to improve the quality of teachers for schools. Vinh University ofTechnical Education supports training and retraining of faculty for vocational schools in the province.
Assist universities, colleges, vocational training of the province on teaching staff, technology transfer, training programs.
The province encourages, prioritises the planning of experimental and practical facilities in the province, especially in the fields of agriculture, forestry and fishery.
Deploying technology transfer projects and projects contributing to economic and social development for the province; Aquaculture projects in delta and coastal districts, projects on afforestation and processing of agro-forestry products in mountainous districts.
Coordinate with the province to implement the responsibility for the management of education and training most effectively.
References:
1. Political Bureau, Resolution - No. 26 - Resolution/center dated 07/30/2013 on the direction, development tasks until 2020 in Nghe An province. - 2013.
2. Nghe An Department of Statistics - 2016, Statistical Yearbook - 2015, Nghe An, Nghe An Publishing House, -2015.
3. Tran Van Hang - 2010, "Nghe An focused economic development - social improve peoples lives in the West", Journal of Electronic Communist - 04.02.2010.
4. The Prime Minister - 2013, Decision No. 2355/Decided/Prime minister dated 04/12/2013 approving the scheme of economic development - western society Nghe An - 2020.
5. Provincial Committee of Nghe An - 2015, Documents Congress XVIII th provincial Party.
