CC BY
5
ОСНОВНОЙ РАЗДЕЛ
УДК 37.013.2
УДК 332
Argun A. the 3rd course student Abkhazian State University Sukhum, Republic of Abkhazia TRADE AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS OF ABKHAZIA IN THE MIDDLE AGES REGARDED FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF MENTAL
UPBRINGING
Abstract: Within the study course "Ethnopedagogical traditions of the Abkhaz folk upbringing" the article discusses trade and economic relations of Abkhazia in the middle ages regarded from the point of view of mental upbringing. The author claims that the economics was and remains one of the most important measures of intellectual development and ethnic upbringing.
Keywords: Abkhazian economy, trade, Abkhazian people, the Republic of Abkhazia, mental development, intellectual education, folk upbringing.
In ancient times, as now people tried to develop, train and educate its younger generation. They understood that for successful survival the full development is essential. In this regard, one of the most important areas of public education among the Abkhazians had the mental development of children and the timely involvement in the basics of trade and economic relations played a significant role [3].
Trade relations with Abkhazia wore relevant at all times. This is mainly dependent on its unique geographical location, which affected the life of Abkhazians. The economic life of the Abkhazian tribes began in antiquity and is firmly enshrined in the middle ages. In antiquity and the Middle Ages on the territory of Abkhazia interests of many industrialized countries.
In ancient times and in the middle ages there was a different degree of development among the population of the mountainous part of Abkhazia and its coast. The relationship between them was mainly in the course of trade, mainly salt, grain, dairy products and products of numerous crafts. It is worth to highlight that the supply of Abkhazia has always been problematic salt in connection with its deficit, which greatly affect its price. Salt came to Abkhazia from the Crimea and the Byzantine Empire.
Even in the era of early antiquity was founded cent trade-economic relations-Colchis. Colchis, in turn, was a Greek colony. Greek colonies were entities with its Constitution and system of governance that kept in touch with his mother country in kinship and economic ties. From the history it is known that the inhabitants of Colchis, among whom were Abkhazians, engaged in seafaring, which facilitated foreign economic activity. This occupation required the
production of maritime transport. In antiquity of Colchis was taken out ship forest in Byzantium, and it was through her territory neighboring countries spread Greek products. Especially valued ceramic articles and decorations, which were imported in large quantities. Similarly, in the port of Colchis arrived ships with foreign goods: luxury goods, jewelry, fabrics, luxurious crockery and many others. Take into account that brought products meet the needs of all segments of the population.
From the first centuries BC on the territory of Abkhazia are beginning to emerge, the Romans placed their fortifications on the site of the former Greek colonies. It should be stressed that local people avoided the Romans and tried not to enter into contact with them. In view of this, the local tribes were forced to resettle in the mountainous part of Abkhazia, therefore, Roman garrisons occupied the coastline. Thanks to the Romans are established trade relations with the East. At the same time, one of the main products was a Damascene steel, unique in its kind, I. The technology of its production was kept in the strictest confidence, and the appearance of the blade compared to work of art. Such blades was armed with a large part of Abkhazian soldiers. A good sword Damascus was invaluable.
Over time, the foreign trade activities of Abkhazia begins to closely depend on Byzantium, whose main competitor is Persia.
Direct economic ties were forged Abkhazia and Constantinople, which show glassware, found by archaeologists.
In the early Middle Ages, due to the military confrontation of Byzantium with Persia earned three branches of the Silk Road. The Sogdian Turks, having failed to secure favorable positions for themselves with Persia, began to look for ways to trade silk contact with Byzantium. The current territory of Abkhazia, assuming the current logs Ki "recovery" of the Western branches of the great Caucasian silk way, may well be relevant in modern conditions because directly link Kavkaz and South North Russia from the Black Sea with all the ensuing economic entities and political implications [4]. After the Christianization of the population of Abkhazia formally the construction hotbeds of this religion. As a consequence, become more close economic links between Colchis and the Byzantine Empire. For the decoration of churches in Abkhazia was delivered a lot of finished parts and materials. While the Byzantine Empire took out from Abkhazia, wool, furs, leather, furs, wax, honey, and more [1]. Medieval Abkhazia has maintained trade relations with their neighbors and distant countries. This is evidenced by coins found on the territory of Abkhazia.
Throughout his trading activities, Abkhazia was closely linked with Byzantium. However, this cooperation has been particularly intense in the middle ages. Evidenced found during archaeological excavations of Byzantine coins. However, Byzantium was not only in Abkhazia, but also with the neighbors states.The territory of Abkhazia, as a kind of historical and cultural bridge between the West and the East, where at various times, the interests of world powers, has been successfully integrated into the system of international relations
[5].
From the above it can be concluded that the history of Abkhazia is extremely rich and saturated, "and it played an important role in the training and development of younger generation, its education in the spirit of nationality and ethnicity, one of the most important part of which is mental development" [2, pp. 195]. Trade with antiquity and up to the middle ages, passed many stages of development. This is noticeable by the Abkhazian culture that is an individual, diverse and unique.
References:
1. Amichba G. Abkhazia in the early middle ages. 2002. C. 186-220.
2. Ankvab M. Importance of national pedagogy of Abkhazians in the upbringing function of a family // International Scientific Review. 2016. № 2 (12). С. 194199.
3. Ankvab M.F. Mental development in the upbringing system of the Abkhazian national pedagogy // European science review. 2015. № 5-6. С. 111-113.
4. Bgazhba O. Lakoba S. History of Abkhazia. 2015. C. 56-116.
5. Maan O. Cultural and ethnic contacts of Abkhazians in the early Middle Ages. 2016. C. 35-37.
УДК 681.7.068
Boymanov I.J., assistant of the «Systems of airnavigation» department Tashkent state technical university named after Islam Karimov
Uzbekistan, Tashkent
Бойманов И.Ж. ассистент
кафедра «Системы аэронавигации» Ташкентский государственный технический университет имени
Ислама Каримова Узбекистан, г. Ташкент RESEARCHING OF THE SENDING DEVICE OF THE FIBER-OPTICAL
COMMUNICATION LINE ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ПЕРЕДАЮЩЕГО УСТРОЙСТВА ВОЛОКОННО-ОПТИЧЕСКОЙ ЛИНИИ СВЯЗИ In the next years, the need for increase in number of channels of a land network will quickly continue grow. In this article, considered a problem of increase in capacity of networks from the fiber-optical communication line, transfer questions on one optical fiber of two signals in opposite directions, principles of creation of such systems, stages at design of the schematic diagram of the FOTS sending device and others.
Key words: land networks, throughput ability of networks, the mode filter, optical transferring devices, digital internal tire.
