CC BY
7DOI 10.24412/cl-37234-2024-1-225-231
TRADE AND ECONOMIC COOPERATION RUSSIA WITH THE BRISC COUNTRIES: STATE AND PROSPECTS
E. Kamyshanchenko, A. Shvetsova, D. Plisa
Belgorod State National Research University [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The scientific article examines the features of the BRICS, the development of international cooperation between Russia within the framework of the BRICS interstate association. The analysis of some indicators of foreign economic activity of the member countries of the BRICS interstate association was carried out, and the main prospects for the development of Russian cooperation within the framework of the BRICS were highlighted. Keywords: BRICS, international association, foreign trade, Russia, foreign economic activity.
Introduction
The international association of nine countries of the world (BRIC): Brazil, Russia, India, China was established in 2006 within the framework of the St. Petersburg Economic Forum in order to strengthen international cooperation in various fields [1]. Then South Africa joined this association in 2011. At the summit in August 2023, it was announced that Iran, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Argentina, Ethiopia and the UAE were invited to join the BRICS as full members from January 1, 2024. Figure 1 shows the expansion of the BRICS association. Considering that this association includes the largest states in the world by area (Russia - 17,098,242 km2, China - 9,596,960 km2, Brazil - 8,514,877 km2) [2], by population (India - 1 428 627 633 people, China - 1 425 671 352 people), by GDP (China - 17.70 trillion US dollars, India - 3.73 trillion US dollars) [3], BRICS plays an important role in the modern system of the world economy and the emerging world order.
Figure 1. BRICS countries in 2024.
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The main features of the BRICS: there are no centralized institutional structures in the group, as the participating countries have the right to personally determine common goals and the main framework of cooperation; the group does not have a dominant country that would dictate its terms to the rest of the members; the group's activities are not aimed at spreading its own development models to other countries, considering the choice of such models to be the sovereign right of any State.; it is not specifically a military-political and economic bloc; the core of the group is similarity in economic development, not geographical proximity; the strengthening of the BRICS on the world stage can only be achieved by the combined economic and political potential; the BRICS is based on the principles of multipolarity, the interdependence of the economies of countries, the priority of international law in strengthening peace and stability, as well as collectivity in solving global problems [4].
The main part
Initially, the interaction of the BRIC countries began on the initiative of Russian President Vladimir Putin. Now Russia plays a significant role in BRICS in a number of key positions. This is in the field of economic cooperation and politics, in the field of security, as well as in the field of culture and education. As for economic cooperation, it should be noted that Russia is among the top 10 largest economies in the world [5]. In the 1st half of 2023, Russia's foreign trade turnover with the BRICS countries increased by 35.6% to 134.7 billion US dollars [6]. For comparison, Russia's foreign trade turnover with the BRICS countries in the 1st half of 2022 amounted to 98 billion US dollars [7].
Figure 2 shows data on Russia's foreign trade with its main BRICS partners in import (until 2023).
Figure 2. Russia's foreign trade with the BRIGS countries for the period 2020-2022 (in import), billion US dollars.
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Based on the data in Figure 1, it can be concluded that China was Russia's main trading import partner within the BRICS countries from 2020 to 2022. India is in second place in terms of imports, the figure in 2022 amounted to 2.9 billion US dollars. Brazil is in third place, the figure was 2.35 billion US dollars, and South Africa is in fourth place, the figure was 0.91 billion US dollars.
Below we will consider the export figures of Russia within the framework of the BRICS countries for 2020-2022 (Figure 2). Based on the data in Figure 3, it can be seen that Russia exported the largest volume to China, the figure amounted to 114.2 billion US dollars in 2022. Russia exported 39.8 billion US dollars to India, Russia exported 5.35 billion US dollars to Brazil, Russia exported 0.39 billion US dollars to RSA.
Figure 3. Russia's foreign trade with the BRICS countries for the period 2020-2022 (in export), billion US dollars.
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It is important to note here that the trade turnover between Russia and Brazil in December 2023 for the first time reached 1.6 billion US dollars in monetary terms [8]. in the ten months of 2023, the trade turnover between Russia and South Africa increased by 28% [9]. According to Indian statistics, the trade turnover between Russia and India reached 54.7 billion US dollars in 10 months of2023 [10]. In 2023, the trade turnover between Russia and China increased by 26.3%, to 240.11 billion US dollars [11].
Thus, despite the external conditions, the dynamics of trade and economic indicators indicate the development of foreign economic relations within the framework of the BRICS association.
As for Russia's foreign trade turnover with its BRICS partners, the situation is as follows: the foreign trade turnover of Russia and Brazil in 2020 amounted to 4.01 billion US dollars, in 2021 it amounted to 7.48 billion US dollars, in 2022 it amounted to 7.7 billion US dollars. The foreign trade turnover of Russia and India in 2020 amounted to 9.26 billion US dollars, in 2021 the figure was 17.93 billion US dollars, in 2022 the figure was 42.6 billion US dollars. The foreign trade turnover of Russia and China in 2020 amounted to 104 billion US dollars, in 2021 the figure amounted to 140.71 billion US dollars, in 2022 the figure amounted to 190.3 billion US dollars. The foreign trade turnover of Russia and South Africa in 2020 amounted to 0.98 billion US dollars, in 2021 the figure was 1.14 billion US dollars, in 2022 the figure was 1.3 billion US dollars. The decrease in foreign trade turnover by country in 2020 was associated with the "Covid-19" pandemic.
Western sanctions against Russia, imposed by Western countries and still in force, bring the BRICS countries closer together [12]. Cooperation within the framework of BRICS is deepening and expanding. Since the sanctions were imposed, India and China have dramatically increased imports of Russian oil and used currencies other than the dollar to pay for it, as the BRICS group seeks to challenge the dominance of the dollar, with China in particular seeking to expand the use of its yuan. The process of de-dollarization is gaining momentum in the economic relations of the BRICS countries [13]. The countries of cooperation of the BRICS interstate association supported the Russian state, despite pressure from the West, and refused to settle accounts in dollars in order to help Russia overcome international sanctions.
As for the prospects, in 2024 the Russian Federation chairs the BRICS under the motto "Strengthening multilateralism for equitable global development and security" [14]. Each country stands for an honest and equal dialogue and a multipolar world order. New opportunities are opening up for Russian entrepreneurs to build mutually beneficial relationships. The development of trade relations with the
BRICS countries can help Russia eliminate the impact of sanctions from Western countries. Obviously, cooperation with the BRICS countries will affect the preservation of stability in Russia. Thanks to such cooperation, the budget will be replenished in Russia, stable fulfillment of social obligations to the population, salary increases, and so on.
Results
Foreign Minister of the Russian Federation Sergey Lavrov, at the meeting of sherpas/su-sherpas of the BRICS countries, which took place on January 31, 2024, noted that now the whole world is witnessing a profound transformation of international relations, which reflects the formation of a multipolar world order. Sergey Lavrov noted that new powerful centers of economic growth, financial and political influence are emerging. He also stressed that the BRICS are pursuing a pragmatic, independent foreign policy course [15]. All BRICS countries have growing economic potential. Today, in principle, no serious issue can be effectively resolved unilaterally by any power, no matter how large and self-confident it is, especially at the expense of infringing on the interests of other countries. Joining the association of new members (Egypt, Iran, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia and Ethiopia) strengthens the strategic partnership and the international position of the association. In the near future, BRICS will work fruitfully with those countries that are already interested in joining this association of countries, and the BRICS will continue to follow the holy principles of openness, equality and consensus. As for Russia, it plans to expand pragmatic, equal, mutually beneficial, exclusively partnership relations with friendly countries in Eurasia, Africa, and Latin America. Russia is already working on expanding trade in the BRICS format. The data in Figures 1 and 2 showed this. Russia will establish economic ties within the framework of the BRICS, and will continue efforts to deepen mutual settlements in national currencies. It is also necessary to resolve issues of increasing foreign policy coordination in the BRICS format.
REFERENCES
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ТОРГОВО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВО РОССИИ СО СТРАНАМИ БРИКС: СОСТОЯНИЕ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ
Е.Н. Камышаченко, А.А. Швецова, Д.Д. Плиса
Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет
АННОТАЦИЯ
В предлагаемой к рассмотрению научной статье рассматриваются особенности БРИКС, развитие международного сотрудничества России в рамках межгосударственного объединения БРИКС. Проведен анализ некоторых показателей внешнеэкономической деятельности стран-членов межгосударственного объединения БРИКС, а также выделены основные перспективы развития российского сотрудничества в рамках БРИКС.
Ключевые слова: БРИКС, международная ассоциация, внешняя торговля, Россия, внешнеэкономическая деятельность.
