CC BY
5TOURIST INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE REGIONS OF OUR
COUNTRY
Akromova Mukhlisa
PhD student at the Institute of Tourism Development TACU, Head teacher of the Design Department https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10200884
Abstract. The paper highlights the importance of information services for the management of tourism infrastructure. Various online platforms and resources have been developed to provide tourists with updated andprecise information about the country's services, events, and attractions. These tools also aid in the transition towards a green economy by optimizing the tourism infrastructure. Tourist information centers, online platforms and mobile applications could provide reliable and accurate information and services to tourists. This topic has been extensively discussed.
Keywords: tourism, economic, design, industry, infrastructure, smart, natural, information, service, urban development.
Introduction. The tourism infrastructure encompasses tourism organizations, tourist attractions, hotels, restaurants, transportation, roads, and tourism professionals. Presently, efforts are underway and funds are being allocated towards aligning the tourism infrastructure to meet international standards in our country.
Tourism infrastructure plays a subordinate role in the economic or political system, serving to ensure the smooth functioning of the wider structure.
To categories the main factors of adequate infrastructure, we can group them as follows:
- Implementation of local manual labor and necessary equipment;
- Provision of accommodation options such as hotels, motels, and camping sites;
- Supply of drinking water as the main focus of water management;
- Establishment of sewage and telecommunications systems;
- Ensuring the availability of sufficient food supplies;
- Creation of an effective healthcare system;
- Provision of secure transportation resources;
- Development of reliable ports and railway connections;
- Implementation of programs aimed at preserving historical landmarks and traditions;
- Commitment to environmental protection measures.
Measures to accomplish this include establishing programs consisting of cultural exhibitions and educational venues, libraries, museums, and theatrical performances; both private and state-owned cultural centers should be included. Additionally, methods to combat noise, dust, and fog for pedestrians should be implemented, as well as the creation of green spaces and attractive parks. Roads designated for pedestrian and bicycle use should be designed, as well as the construction of seating areas, rest locations, and rubbish disposal sites. Educational programs for tourism-related training and professional development must be provided. Natural disaster prevention measures and fire extinguishing services should also be established. Development of the tourism sector cannot be conceived without adequate infrastructure [1].
Towards the end of the 19th century, tourism infrastructure was in its infancy in the economies of modern nations. It is a widely known fact that the tourism industry is currently the world's third-most profitable industry. The study of this field can be deemed necessary and relevant to the contemporary milieu. As of today, the tourism industry is witnessing a dynamic growth as an international trade of services. Over the past decade or so, the average annual growth rate of foreign tourists has been around 5-6%, and the annual growth rate of foreign currency receipts has been around 8-9% [2].
Factors forming tourism infrastructure
Tourism is a separate industry in the economy. In tourism infrastructure, products are not produced through physical labor, only services are provided. Tourism infrastructure consists of 4 main tools [3]:
These are:
1. Transportation;
2. Hotel;
3. Animation activities (recreational and relaxing);
4. Tourist organizations.
One of the primary characteristics of tourism is the alteration of place and space, and travel is an absolute necessity for it. The significance of transportation in the tourism sector cannot be overstated. Hence, transport has a pivotal role in the establishment and advancement of the tourism industry as it allows for mobility and displacement.
Methods and methodology. The tourism infrastructure management system in Uzbekistan regions comprises multiple components, such as transport, accommodation, architecture, eco-landscape, and information services. The government has a crucial role in coordinating and managing these elements to ensure an efficient and seamless operation of the tourism industry, thereby enhancing the overall tourist experience.
Transportation forms a critical component of the infrastructure management system for tourism. Uzbekistan has made significant investments in enhancing its transportation networks by constructing new airports, highways and railways. These initiatives are facilitating convenient access for travelers to different parts of the country, in turn, enabling exploration of diverse cultural and natural attractions.
Accommodation is a crucial aspect of tourist infrastructure. The government is consistently striving to enhance the variety and quality of options available to tourists. This includes the construction of new hotels, guest houses and resorts in the most popular tourist destinations. The government also encourages private sector investment in the hospitality industry.
APPENDIX 1 to the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PF-5611 dated 5th January 2019. CONCEPT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN IN 2019-2025, CHAPTER 3. As part of the main direction of tourism development and with consideration of tourist needs and requirements, infrastructure development within all regions of the country, specifically related infrastructure development, shall be undertaken.
- Considering the demand, as well as the construction of new accommodation facilities and the reconstruction of existing ones, as well as the development of adjacent infrastructure (public catering facilities, transport-logistics structures, entertainment facilities and industry, cultural and
sports institutions, tourist exhibition facilities, etc.), there is a need to develop comprehensive measures for the advancement of the tourism industry.
- The aim is to streamline project implementation for the construction of hotels and tourism infrastructure, improve service quality for entrepreneurs, and attract world-renowned hotel brands to Uzbekistan.
- Progressively expand accommodation facilities, with an emphasis on building hotels and hostels of various sizes and modernizing existing facilities.
- Establishment of proper street infrastructure (such as pathways, pavements, street furniture, sanitation stations, accessible amenities for individuals with disabilities, etc.) in tourism and recreational areas, taking into consideration contemporary global standards.
The establishment and development of a single, integrated tourism navigation system, along with standardized indicators for tourist navigation on streets, in areas, buildings, structures showcased as tourist destinations, vehicles, and networks, as well as highways, are being discussed separately [3,6,7,9].
Our country is renowned for its rich cultural heritage, its historic sites and its breathtaking natural beauty. Our government is committed to preserving and promoting these attractions, such as historical sites and national parks. It does so by developing and implementing innovative projects. The management scheme guarantees the preservation and advancement of these attractions, which are intended to lure tourists. Information services are integral to the management of tourism infrastructure. Our country is developing numerous platforms and online resources to offer tourists precise, timely information regarding our attractions, events and services. This trend is observable in our country's shift towards a greener economy, encompassing tourist information centers along with online and mobile applications. Close collaboration with tour operators and travel agencies is also in progress to guarantee visitors have access to dependable and precise information and services.
Tourism infrastructure in Central Asia.
The management system of the tourism infrastructure in tourism infrastructure in Central Asia, comprising countries such as Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, encounters several issues. An analysis of the system of tourism infrastructure management discloses that:
-Transportation poses as one of the primary challenges in the region owing to the scarcity of efficient and well-coordinated transportation networks. Despite recent developments, including the construction of airports and highways, there remains a need for further investment in the region's transport infrastructure. Enhancing connectivity both between and within countries will simplify travel arrangements for tourist's eager to explore the area.
- Accommodation -in terms of accommodation, the limited availability of high quality accommodation is a recurring problem, particularly in the more remote areas of the region. Although numerous hotels, inns, and resorts are available in major metropolitan areas, lodging options are restricted in rural and remote regions. Diversifying and augmenting accommodation choices by including sustainable lodges and homestays can appeal to a broad spectrum of tourists, generating progression towards sustainable tourism.
- Attractions -the Central Asian region is rich in cultural and natural attractions, including historical sites, national parks, and scenic landscapes. However, these attractions are often underdeveloped and lack proper management and infrastructure. To make these attractions more
convenient for tourists, it is necessary to restore and preserve historical monuments, establish tourist centers in national parks, and develop infrastructure.
-Information services: Availability and quality of information services for tourists in the Central Asian region is limited. Although some countries have information centers and online resources, they are often not comprehensive and do not have up-to-date information. Development of centralized and reliable information platforms, as well as investment in marketing and advertising campaigns, will improve the region's tourism infrastructure management system. -Tourism capacity development: The tourism industry in the Central Region necessitates highly proficient professionals in hospitality, tour, and tourism management. There is a demand for capacity building programs and training initiatives to develop a skilled workforce to ensure toptier tourist services, encompassing language skills and cultural awareness.
Tourism Infrastructure in Europe
The management system for tourist infrastructure in Europe is highly efficient, leading to its status as a highly sought-after destination for travelers. Upon analysis of this management system, the following main aspects are revealed:
1. Transport: Europe benefits from a comprehensive and well-connected transport network comprising state-of-the-art airports, railways, and highways. It is simpler for tourists to travel within and between European countries. Additionally, an array of transport tickets and discount cards are available to enhance the convenience and comfort of travelling.
2. Accommodation: Europe provides a vast range of affordable and personalized accommodations. Tourists can find suitable accommodation in a range of popular destinations across the continent, from luxury hotels to budget hostels. Online booking platforms have made it easier for travelers to secure lodging in advance.
3. Additionally, Europe is renowned for its diverse attractions and rich cultural heritage, which are accessible through the European landmark management system that prioritizes conservation. Historical sites in Europe are generally well-preserved and provide visitors with various center options and guided tours. Furthermore, tourists can explore numerous natural wonders, including scenic landscapes and protected parks.
4. Information services are also readily available to assist visitors in planning their trip. Most major cities possess tourist information centers where visitors can obtain brochures and other valuable information. Additionally, resources like travel apps and tour operators offer tourists up-to-date information regarding venue events and amenities [4].
5. Safety and security: The European tourism infrastructure management system prioritizes safety and security. To guarantee tourists' safety and well-being, strict regulations and standards govern the transportation of accommodation facilities and public spaces. Additionally, Europe has developed emergency response systems and tourist police to assist visitors in the event of an emergency.
Development of Tourism Infrastructure in Uzbekistan
Tourism infrastructure refers to the interconnected set of relationships and events involved in the tourism network. Tourism is a system of relationships that includes tourism organizations and regions that interact with the external environment. Firstly, we will identify the participants and components of the existing tourism infrastructure. A tourism participant refers to a delegate attending a tourism conference with the aim of meeting demand through exceptional tourism services. A tourism object refers to any location that can be visited by tourists. The external
environment for tourism comprises of economic, ecological, technological, political and social systems. The dependency of tourism on the external environment is a crucial and unique aspect. Modern management techniques and principles should be applied to manage tourism effectively since it is an open system. The emergence of a market economy in Uzbekistan occurred alongside significant changes in global tourism markets. Tourism now represents a crucial aspect of the world economy, providing employment opportunities to millions of workers and facilitating their professional growth. In fact, employment in this sector is growing at twice the rate of other industries. Economic, social, technical, and technological factors impact the growth of tourism management. For instance, the popularity of tourism can only be achieved through the income provided by the economy, which is required for management. The Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan acknowledges citizens' rights to rest, but confronting several social issues such as transport, roads, and food is crucial to exercising this right. Tourism organizations in Uzbekistan encounter two interrelated challenges when managing the tourism infrastructure: firstly, implementing market relations into tourism management, which involves instilling the principles of the market economy. Secondly, adapting to the new century by developing innovative "know-how" in the field of tourism and taking into account the recent global changes in this direction.
Today, the growth of the national economy is heavily reliant on the global market. Furthermore, tourism serves as a key channel for enhancing nations' proximity and facilitating international relations. As such, there is a pressing need to establish effective management and organization of international tourism. Tourism encompasses relationships, communication, and events that are unrelated to people's travel, permanent or non-permanent location, and work. As such, the tourism industry is an economic sector that requires management, including the actions of tourism organizers and intermediaries [1.2].
The tourism infrastructure management system in the regions of Uzbekistan aims to improve the convenience and quality of transportation, accommodation, parks, tourist maps, nearby attractions, and information services while enhancing the appeal of the surrounding areas. Technical terms are explained when first used, and the writing is concise, objective, and free of ornamental language. Bias is avoided, and appropriate hedging techniques are employed where necessary. The text adheres to standard British English spellings, grammar, and formatting conventions and uses precise subject-specific vocabulary where applicable. In Uzbekistan, the aim is to enhance tourism infrastructure to provide a memorable and positive experience for tourists worldwide. This will be achieved through coordinated investment and development of various components.
Uzbekistan has made considerable advancements in developing its tourism infrastructure, which has contributed to an upsurge in the number of visitors to the country. The key elements of tourism infrastructure are outlined below.
Transport: Uzbekistan has made significant investments in upgrading its transport networks in order to facilitate tourism. Modern airports in major cities like Tashkent, Samarkand, and Bukhara now cater to domestic and international flights. The transportation infrastructure connecting various tourist destinations has also undergone major improvements.
Accommodation: Uzbekistan provides various accommodation options to cater to different budgetary needs and preferences. Major cities and tourist destinations have luxury hotels, boutique hotels, guesthouses, and budget hostels available. The government has incentivized investment in the accommodation sector, resulting in a diverse range of options for visitors.
Uzbekistan's Cultural and Historical. Attraction Uzbekistan is renowned for its rich cultural heritage and historical landmarks. The tourism infrastructure is devoted to conserving and promoting these alluring sites. The historical monuments and sites are well-preserved, and visitor centers along with tours amplify the full cultural experience. Additionally, Uzbekistan's natural breathtaking landscapes, such as the mountain ranges and deserts, attract nature enthusiasts.
Information Services: Uzbekistan has implemented effective information services to assist tourists. Both physical and virtual visitor centres offer maps, brochures and guidance towards popular attractions. Online platforms and mobile applications offer timely information regarding accommodation, activities and attractions.
Training and capacity building in tourism is an essential facet of this industry. Various initiatives have been put in place to enhance the skills and qualifications of tourism professionals, such as tour guides and service staff. These training programs are centered around honing language proficiencies, service delivery, and cultural consciousness to guarantee a high level of service for tourists.
Conclusions and proposals.
The tourism infrastructure in Uzbekistan encompasses the country's stunning architectural marvels and rich cultural heritage. The harmonious blend of historical Islamic architecture and contemporary developments offers visitors a varied and captivating tourism experience.
Our infrastructure is undergoing significant development and modernization to bolster economic growth and enhance citizens' quality of life. Here are the primary aspects of our infrastructure:
Transport: Uzbekistan is making significant investments in its transportation infrastructure, encompassing roads, airports, railways, and public transportation. The government has undertaken various initiatives to enhance and extend key highways, erect new airports, and modernize railway networks. These undertakings have resulted in enhanced communication within the country and have streamlined the movement of people and goods locally and internationally. In light of the President's decisions, the development of transport infrastructure requires implementation of environmental landscape solutions and widespread adoption of smart technologies.
Uzbekistan possesses a varied energy infrastructure, comprising of conventional fossil fuels like natural gas and oil, alongside a growing emphasis on renewable energy sources. The nation has ample natural resources and is investing in development and infrastructure to explore this potential. Furthermore, initiatives are underway to advance the utilization of renewable sources such as wind and solar energy. Therefore, it is crucial to employ bespoke wind and solar cells to implement them in various projects, such as modern housing developments, retail hubs, cultural and recreational centers [5,6,7,8]. For instance, the M39 highway between Tashkent and Samarkand - a popular tourist route - could utilize such designs to support the tourist industry. Fig 1.
Water and Irrigation: Uzbekistan's agriculture heavily depends on irrigation which is supported by an extensive system of canals, reservoirs, and irrigation infrastructure. This system ensures the efficient use of water resources. The government is committed to modernizing irrigation infrastructure to improve water management and increase efficiency.
Telecommunications: Uzbekistan has made remarkable progress in developing its telecommunications infrastructure. The utilization of internet networks and smart tourism has
significantly contributed to the enhancement of tourism infrastructure in popular tourist destinations.
The nation has extended mobile communication network coverage and improved internet connectivity, with a focus on providing reasonably priced and accessible communication services for both rural and urban areas.
Fig 1. Landscape design for touristic zone (Samarkand, roadway M39) The author of the paper is the author of the concept design
Consequently, it is recommended to widely implement the use of tourist smart boards. They can offer, exhibits information, and event updates, making it easier for visitors to navigate and engage with the. Fig 2.
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Fig.2. The smart solar bench is an interactive bench made to meet the need of today's connected consumers. (By model: Engo Planet)
Urban development. Uzbekistan is undertaking extensive urban development projects to enhance the quality of life in its cities and towns.
The objective is to establish a sustainable and appealing urban setting that caters to the requirements of the populace. Hence, due to the diverse range of flora in our country, incorporating
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them in landscaping and medicines would not only enhance the aesthetic appeal but also serve as
a means to conserve the endangered species in our region.
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