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38Scientific Journal Impact Factor
TOPICAL ISSUES OF IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF ROAD TRANSPORT IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Yusufkhonov Zokirkhan Yusufkhan ugli
Assistant of Tashkent State Transport University, Department of "Transport
Assistant of Tashkent State Transport University, Department of "Transport logistics", E-mail: doctor-j ons_0990@mail .ru
KHusanov Laziz Erkinovich Master of Tashkent Railway College Masodiqov Shokhjakhon Ulugbekovich Student of Tashkent State Transport University, Department of "Transport
This article represents the most actual problems connected with increasing the quality of freight service in Uzbekistan. The key factors, which directly or in-directly influence on the quality of freight service, are also systematized in this article.
Keywords: quality, freight service, problems, transport logistics, supply chain, routing.
O'ZBEKISTON RESPUBLIKASIDA AVTOMOBILLARDA YUK TASHISH SIFATINI YAXSHILASHNING DOLZARB MUAMMOLARI
Yusufxonov Zokirxon Yusufxon o'g'li
Toshkent davlat transport universiteti, Transport logistikasi assistenti.
E-mail: zokirxon_y@tstu.uz Ahmedov Dilmurod Toshpo'lat o'g'li Toshkent davlat transport universiteti, Transport logistikasi assistenti.
E-mail: doctor-j ons_0990@mail .ru Husanov Laziz Erkinovich Toshkent temir yo'l texnikumi ishlab chiqarish ta'limi ustasi Masodiqov Shohjaxon Ulug'bekovich
Toshkent davlat transport universiteti, Transport logistikasi talabasi.
logistics", E-mail: zokirxon_y@tstu. uz Ahmedov Dilmurod Toshpulat ugli
logistics",
ABSTRACT
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ANNOTATSIYA
Ushbu maqola O 'zbekistonda yuk tashish xizmati sifatini oshirish bilan bog 'liq eng dolzarb muammolarni aks ettiradi. Yuk tashish xizmati sifatiga bevosita yoki bevosita ta 'sir ko 'rsatadigan asosiy omillar ham ushbu maqolada tizimlashtirilgan.
Kalit so'zlar: sifat, yuk xizmati, muammolar, transport logistikasi, ta'minot zanjiri, marshrutlash.
1. Introduction
As a result of the analysis of the activities of freight transport enterprises in the country on improving the quality of transport services, as well as the study of many materials in the field of development of freight processes, it is possible to identify a number of problems directly related to transport quality gave:
- non-compliance with the terms of delivery of goods specified in the contract of carriage;
- low level of cargo safety during transportation;
- the difference between the quality of transport and the cost of transport services;
- Lack of development of a comprehensive system of customer service in transport enterprises.
However, it is necessary to take into account the factors that indirectly affect the quality of services:
- high level of competition in the market of transport services;
- Insufficient funds for the development of trucks;
- high degree of wear of rolling stock.
2. Research methods
The following is a description of each of the problems related to the quality of cargo transportation in road transport as a result of the study.
Non-compliance with the terms of delivery of goods specified in the contract of carriage. Timely delivery of services, ie strict adherence to the established delivery times is one of the important indicators of the quality of cargo transportation. Due to the development of economic relations in recent years, delivery time has become objectively the most important indicator for both cargo owners and customers. Fast and reliable delivery of products allows to establish rhythmic production and product sales, reduce stocks of raw materials and semi-finished products, and thus accelerate capital turnover, increase production efficiency. In addition, the urgency of the
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delivery of goods is associated with the realization of the demand for their "timely" transportation, which is consistent with the basic principles of logistics.
Among the modes of transport, the share of goods delivered in violation of the delivery time was always high in road transport (Figure 1).
Figure 1. Percentage of goods shipped in violation of the delivery deadline [4] As you can see from the picture 1, the percentage of goods shipped, shipments delivered varied during the Delayed Analysis Period and discreased from 28% in 1991 to 16% 2019. The dynamics from 0 was maintained.
Traditionally, the rate of timely delivery of goods is described in detail by indicators of speed and urgency of delivery.
It should be noted that road transport has always been considered to be second only to air transport, providing a high speed of delivery of goods (Table 1) [3]. However, in recent years, the average speed of delivery of goods by road has been declining, which is especially true for the operation of trucks in urban areas.
Table 1. Average speed and delivery times calculated according to the average distance of transportation of goods by mode of transport
Type of transport Average transport distance, km Average speed of cargo delivery Average delivery time, days.
km / h km / day
Rail way 481 15 360 1,34
Avtomobile 22 18 432 0,05
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Air 2231 450 1080 0,21
0
Figure 2 shows information on the average operating speed of vehicles in Tashkent [1;5].
28,60« 1_1
- __ j
— 21,10% 19,90% 18,60% - 17,40% 16,60%
1991 2007 2008 2009 2010 2019
Figure 2. Average speed of vehicles in Tashkent, km / h
3. Results
As you can see in the Figure 2. Over the past 20 years, there has been a sharp decline in the average speed of cars in Tashkent. From 28.6 km / h in 1991 to 16.6 km / h in 2019, a sharp decline in the average operating speed of cars was caused by several factors.
First, the congestion of the main roads and street network. For the Republic of Uzbekistan, the development of the road network lags behind the pace of automation of society. The condition and underdevelopment of the road network means that the average speed of traffic on the roads of the republic is 1.5-2 times lower than in Western Europe and the United States.
Second, the low capacity of the roads and the poor infrastructure. 1 thousand square meters in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The average area is 91.3 km of roads. In Western Europe and the Scandinavian countries, the figure ranges from 940.7 km (Sweden) to 1838.4 km (France), with the difference between Uzbekistan and them being 1 0-2 0 times. It is estimated that 1,000 square meters in the United States. The average is 676.6 km per km2, compared to 3167.7 km2 in Japan [10].
The slowdown in the supply of goods observed in recent years has a negative impact on the general state of the transport industry, as well as the activities of some transport enterprises. It is known that late delivery of goods not only leads to the payment of fines, but also a decrease in the competitive status of carriers.
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Their low level of safety when transporting goods in vehicles.
The safety of the transported goods is one of the conditions of the contract of carriage, the fulfillment of which is the responsibility of the carrier. The charter of a motor vehicle provides for the liability of the carrier for its non-storage after it has been accepted for carriage and storage before it is handed over to the carrier. Violation of the safety of cargo - deterioration or complete loss of quality, change in quantity, as well as re-marking, as a result of which the cargo is reduced to a lower category[6].
The amount of product loss in the course of movement, as a rule, includes the loss of goods in excess of the established norms of natural losses, designed for all types of transport. Unfortunately, due to the lack of reliable statistics, it is not possible to analyze the extent of these losses in road transport. However, Prof. M.F. According to Trikhunkov, the current load loss is several times higher than the set loss rate for a ton of cargo. The reasons for the loss of cargo are shortcomings in the preparation of cargo and rolling stock for transportation, violations in cargo operations and cargo transportation technology, low specialization of rolling stock, theft, accidents and damage to goods during transportation. Experts estimate that the average share of goods delivered without damage in road transport is 70-75% [3].
In addition, road traffic accidents lead to the violation of the safety of cargo, and their number is growing. Of course, this can lead to loss and damage during transportation.
In addition to indirect factors that directly affect the safety of goods during transportation, for example, take into account indirect factors such as insufficient development of transport infrastructure in the country (condition of roads, low traffic in many regions, etc.) It is advisable to take.
The difference between the level of quality of transport delivered by the transport company and the cost of transport services [7].
In recent years, the number of enterprises and entrepreneurs operating in the transport sector in the country is growing from year to year, and the volume of transport services provided to the population has increased accordingly. The dynamics is positive, but the growth of transport services is mainly due to transportation prices. It is noteworthy that it is associated with the rise (Fig. 3).
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Figure 3. Freight rates for road transport compared to last year [10]
Figure 3 shows that there is a tendency to increase the volume of transport services sold in road transport, mainly due to the increase in tariffs, not due to new transport technologies or quality improvements.
Stabilization of overall prices will improve the quality of transport services, but a sharp jump in tariffs could have a sad impact on the quality of transport services. Therefore, it is necessary to strive for an indicator that is equal to the quality indicator.
Currently, there are many trucking companies and entrepreneurs providing various services in the market of transport services. In most cases, the quality of services provided is not high enough due to the following factors:
o many entrepreneurs do not have experience in the transport services market;
o unwillingness of managers to analyze the transport services market to identify the most demanded and promising areas;
o the inability of many managers to see far, whose main task is to make huge profits in the short term;
o conditions and at the same time insufficient attention is paid to the quality of transport services;
o careless, disrespectful attitude towards customers.
These reasons lead to a discrepancy between the declared quality level and the price of transportation services. Naturally, this is not suitable for many customers and they prefer to use the services of another transport company.
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In this regard, managers of trucking companies need to take a number of measures to improve quality, which leads to additional costs to ensure an appropriate level of quality of services. The increase in these costs, in turn, leads to an increase in the cost of transportation services. The cost of the service will increase, but the multiplier effect from future measures will cover all costs.
Lack of development of integrated service system.
Market relations have largely changed the attitude of buyers towards buying. As competition intensifies, the company is trying to expand its range of services. This is beneficial for both trucking companies (additional benefits) and for customers (saving time in paperwork, searching for intermediaries, etc.).
Additional services in road transport include: forwarding, security, documentation, loading and unloading, warehousing, etc.
It is known that the list of services of most road transport companies in the country is limited to freight transportation only. Lack of additional services negatively affects both the quality of cargo transportation and the financial results of the enterprise.
When asked about the reasons for not using additional services of transport enterprises, 73% of customers said that such a reason is a narrow range of additional services. Another important reason - it's high prices - 61% of respondents cited this reason. The low quality of additional services provided by 51% of all customers surveyed was noted. However, only 8 percent of respondents said they did not need additional services. All this indicates that customers are willing to pay for additional services (92%).
An analysis of key factors in the quality of transport services was also conducted. These include a high level of competition, insufficient investment in the development of freight transport, and a high degree of obsolescence of rolling stock.
1. High level of competition in the transport services market. Here, first of all, it will be worth noting the transition to domestic industrial demonstrations.
The existing relationship between automobile and rail carriers. Road transport is characterized by its environmental friendliness compared to rail transport, its weaker position in terms of fuel costs and unit cost of transportation. However, the advantages of road transport include: speed of delivery, the ability to transport goods on a "door-to-door" scheme, a certain flexibility in choosing the direction of transport, and more.
2. Insufficient funds for the development of road transport.
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The demand for road freight depends mainly on the dynamics and structure of changes in the volume of production in the country, as well as the solvency of enterprises and organizations in all sectors of the economy. At the same time, the development of the economy has led to the growth of both transport, and the high level and investment opportunities in transport services have a positive impact on the level of investment and economic growth in the republic [8,9].
Currently, there is an urgent problem of attracting investment in the development of freight transport and its infrastructure, which is associated with low investment opportunities of transport organizations, difficulties in attracting long-term loans and underdeveloped public-private partnership mechanisms.
It is obvious that the lack of large investments in the road transport sector is primarily due to high risks, long payback periods of investments, the presence of administrative barriers, and so on.
3. High level of wear of rolling stock
One of the main disadvantages of vehicles is their obsolescence and imperfect structure. Outdated rolling stock not only adversely affects the financial condition of the trucking company due to increased repair and maintenance costs, but also damages the quality of transport services provided due to the possibility of delays in delivery [10].
Only 25% of the existing fleet of trucks is less than 5 years old, 45% - for 10 years. In this case, a large part of the obsolete rolling stock structure leads to a decrease in traffic safety and an increase in road accidents.
It should be added that the share of domestically produced cars in the total number of trucks in the country is growing every year. The number of cars had increased in previous years due to vehicles manufactured in China and Korea, as their quality and price would to some extent meet the demand of our car entrepreneurs [11].
CONCLUSION
Thus, according to the results of the study, problems directly related to the quality of freight were identified and described. These are: non-compliance with the deadlines for delivery, low level of safety in the transportation of goods by vehicles, the difference between the declared level of quality and the price of the proposed transport services, the lack of development of an additional service system. It should be noted that the factors that directly or indirectly affect the quality of freight were also analyzed: high level of competition in the transport services market, insufficient investment in the development of freight transport and mobile high level of content obsolescence.
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The nature and relevance of some problems of improving the quality of road transport services determine the direction of our further research and the content of scientific and methodological developments in the field under study.
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