CC BY
21TOKNING XLOROZ KASALLIGINI KELTIRIB CHIQARUVCHI OMILLAR VA ULARGA QARSHI KURASHISH USULLARI
Durdigul Rustam qizi Botirova
Guliston davlat universiteti talabasi
ANNOTATSIYA
Tokning keng tarqalgan kasaliklaridan biri xloroz kasalligi hosilning kamayishiga, mahsulot sifatining buzilishiga, tokning nobud bo'lishiga olib keladi. Shuning uchun, ushbu maqolada xloroz kasalligini keltirib chiqaruvchi omillar, kasallikning namoyon bo'lish belgilarini o'rganib chiqqan holda, qarshi kurash usullaridan foydalanishni yo'lga qo'yamiz.
Kalit so'zlar: Xloroz, kasallik, patogen mikroorganizm, xloroplast, barg, novda, oziq modda, tuproq, suv, temir kuporasi, o'g'it.
FACTORS OF CURRENT CHLOROSIS AND METHODS OF FIGHT
AGAINST THEM
Durdigul Rustam kizi Botirova
Student of Gulistan State University
ABSTRACT
One of the most common diseases of the current is chlorosis, which leads to reduced yields, poor product quality and loss of current. Therefore, in this article, we will study the factors that cause chlorosis, the symptoms of the disease, and the use of control methods.
Keywords: Chlorosis, disease, pathogenic microorganism, chloroplast, leaf, twig, nutrient, soil, water, iron sulphate, fertilizer.
So'ngi yillarda O'zbekiston Respublikasida uzumchilikni rivojlantirish, hosildorligini sifat va miqdor jihatdan oshirishga katta e'tibor qaratilib kelinmoqda. Shunday bo'lsada, tokda uchraydigan turli xil kasalliklar sababli, uzum hosilining ko'pgina qismiga zarar yetmoqda. Bu esa, o'z navbatida uzum mahsulotlarining sifatini pasayishiga olib keladi. Tokda ko'p uchraydigan shunday kasalliklardan biri xloroz kasallgi hisoblanadi [1-6].
Ushbu kasallik bilan zararlangan tokning tashqi belgilariga e'tibor bersak, barglari asta-sekin o'zining yashil rangini yo'qotib borayotganligini kuzatishimiz mumkun. Kasallik qo'zg'atuvchi patogen mikroorganizmlarning salbiy ta'siri natijasida tokning barg hujayralarida xloroplastlar keskin kamayib ketishi oqibatida ular
rangsizlanib qoladi [7-12]. Dastlab, barglar sarg'ish-yashil, keyinchalik esa oqarib, sarg'ayib ketadi. Ko'p hollarda novdalardagi barcha barglar sar'ayadi, lekin faqat bargning asosiy tomiri yonidagi qismlargina yashilligicha qoladi. Kasallik kuchli rivojlanganda barglar sekin-asta qo'ng'irlashib qoladi. Natijada novdalar o'shishdan to'xtaydi, ingichka, kalta bo'lib qoladi. Ba'zan tok tuplari kasallik ta'sirida nobud bo'lib, tokzorlar siyraklashib ketishi mumkun [13-16].
Xloroz bilan kasallanish tokning gullash davriga to'g'ri kelib qolsa juda xavfli hisoblanadi. Chunki, uzumlar umuman tugmay qolishi yoki mayda bo'lib qolishi mumkun [17].
Kasallikning paydo bo'lishiga turli xil omillar sabab bo'ladi. Shulardan biri, yer osti suvlarining ko'tarilishi ta'sirida ohakning ko'p miqdorda erishi kuzatiladi, natijada ildizlar chiriydi [18]. Bu esa xloroz kasalligining paydo bo'lishiga sababchi bo'ladi. Shuningdek, tuproqda tuz ko'pligi, temir, marganes moddalari yetishmasligi, tuproqnig esa sernam yoki juda quruqligi ham kasallikni keltirib chiqarishi mumkun.
Xloroz kasalligini keltirib chiqaruvchi omillari hisobga olgan holda, kasallikni oldini olishimiz zarur. Buning uchun esa birinchi navbatda tuproq-suv balansiga e'tibor berish lozim. Kasalikka qarshi kurash sifatida 2 xil usuldan foydalanamiz [19-24].
Birinchi usul agrotexnik tadbirlarni o'z vaqtida o'tkazish lozim. Bularga tokni gullashdan oldin va keyin xomtok qilish, kasallikka chidamli uzum navlarini ekish, tuproq strukturasini hisobga olgan holda organik va mineral o'g'itlarni solish, yer osti suvlarining joylashishini hisobga olgan holda sug'orish ishlarini amalga oshirish kiradi. Ko'chat uchun olinayotgan qalamchalar xloroz kasalligi bilan zararlanmagan tok novdalaridan tayyorlanishi lozim [25].
Ikkinchi usul kimyoviy kurash siafatida toklar ostiga temir kuporasi solish tavsiya etiladi. Buning uchun tok tupi atrofida 70-80 sm radiusda, chuqurligi 30-40 sm bo'lgan ariqcha qazilib, har bir tupga 200-400 gr temir kuporasi kukunidan solinadi. So'ng ariqchaga suv quyilib, tuproq bilan ko'miladi [26].
Kuzatishlar natijasida shunday xulosa qilish mumkunki, tokning xloroz kasallgini keltirib chiqaruvchi asosiy omillardan biri oziq moddalarning yetishmasligi va tuproqda eriydigan ohak keragidan ortiqcha bo'lishi hisoblanadi. Shularni hisobga olgan holda, qarshi kurash sifatida juda oddiy, lekin samarali hisoblangan birinchi usuldan foydalanganimizda, tokning kasallikka chalinishini oldini olgan bo'lamiz. Shu bilan birgalikda tokning dastlabki o'suv davridan boshlab agrotexnika tadbirlarini o'z vaqtida sifatli amalga oshirish orqali kasallikka chidamli bo'lgan uzum yetishtirish imkoniyatiga ega bo'lamiz [27-30]. Ikkinchi usul esa kasallikka chalinish ehtimolini juda pasaytiradi, chunki qo'llaniladigan kimyoviy preparatlar tez ta'sir etadi. Ko'rinib turibdiki, ikki usul ham juda samarali, shunday ekan, ikki usuldan ham foydanish tavsiya etiladi.
SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS VOLUME 2 I ISSUE 3 I 2021
ISSN: 2181-1601
Foydalanilgan adabiyotlar:
[1] Sharapova M.M. "Uzumchilik sanoati" Buxoro-2006. 98-99 betlar.
[2] U.I.Mamatov. "Uzum yetishtirish" "Agrobank" ATB. 2021. 77-78betlar.
[3] A.Sheraliyev. Umumiy va qishloq xo'jaligi fitopatologiyasi Toshkent "Talqin" 2008. 15-bet.
[4] "Tok kasalliklari, zararkunandalari va ularga qarshi kurash"."O'zvinosanoat-xolding" xolding kompaniyasi."Uzumsharobservis" unitar korxonasi.2013. 2-bet.
[5] "Bog'dorchilik" R.Yunusov va boshqalar. "O'zbekiston faylasuflari milliy jamiyati" nashriyoti. Toshkent.2016, 141-bet.
[6] "Uzumchilik" Sh.Temurov. "O'zbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi" davlat ilmiy nashriyoti. Toshkent 2002, 76-bet.
[7] R.M.Abdullayev va boshqalar. "Uzum yetishtirish va mayiz quritishning zamanoviy texnologiyasi" O'zbekiston Respublikasi Fanlar akademiyasi "Fan" nashriyoti. Toshkent 2011, 28-bet.
[8] Djurayevich, K. K., KxudoynazarO'g'li, E. U., Sirozhevich, A. T., & Abdurashidovich, U. A. (2020). Complex Processing Of Lead-Containing Technogenic Waste From Mining And Metallurgical Industries In The Urals. The American Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2(09), 102-108.
[9] Nasirov, U. F. (2020). Ochilov Sh. A., UmirzoqovA. A. Analysis of Development of Low-Power and Man-Made Gold Deposits. International Journal of Academic and Applied Research (IJAAR) ISSN, 2643-9603.
[10] Abdurashidovich, U. A. (2020). Prospects for the Development of Small-Scale Gold Mining in Developing Countries. Prospects, 4(6), 38-42.
[11] Shukurovna, N. R., Yunusovna, N. X., Jumaboyevich, J. S., & Abdurashidovich, U. A. (2021). Perspective Of Using Muruntau Career's Overburden As Back Up Sources Of Raw Materials. The American Journal of Applied sciences, 3(01), 170-175.
[12] Sultonovich, M. M., Ogli, I. J. R., Abdurashidovich, U. A., & Sirozhevich, A. T. (2020). Technology Of Modified Sodium-Aluminum Catalysts For Nitrogen Gas Purification Systems. The American Journal of Applied sciences, 2(09), 154-163.
[13] Abdurashidovich, U. A. (2020). The Condition Of General Development Of The Mineral Resource Base In Uzbekistan. The American Journal of Applied Sciences, 2(12), 1-6.
[14] Umirzoqov, A. A., & Jurayev, S. J. (2020). KaramanovA. N. Economic and mathematical modeling of rational development of small-scale and man-made gold deposits. International Journal of Academic and Applied Research (IJAAR), 4(4), 7577.
[15] G'ofurovich, K. O., Abdurashidovich, U. A., Ugli, M. U. F., & Ugli, A. A. X. (2020). Justification Of The Need For Selective Development Of The Phosphorite
Reservoir By Horizontal Milling Combines. The American Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2(11), 159-165.
[16] Kazakov, A. N., Umirzoqov, A. A., Radjabov Sh, K., & Miltiqov, Z. D. (2020). Assessment of the Stress-Strain State of a Mountain Range. International Journal of Academic and Applied Research (IJAAR), 4(6), 17-21.
[17] Umirzoqov, A. A. (2020). Karamanov A.. N., Radjabov Sh. K. Study of the feasibility of using intermediate buffer temporary warehouses inside the working area of the Muruntau quarry. International Journal of Engineering and Information Systems (IJEAIS), 4(8).
[18] Fatidinovich, N. U., Atoevich, O. S., & Abdurashidovich, U. A. (2020). The Analysis Of Influence Of Productions Of Open Mountain Works On Environment At Formation Of Various Zones On Deep Open-Cast Mines. The American Journal of Applied sciences, 2(12), 177-185.
[19] G'afurovich, K. O., Abdurashidovich, U. A., & Ogli, B. A. O. (2020). Small Torch Progress In Prospects Gold Mining In Improving Countries. The American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research, 2(09), 65-72.
[20] G'OFUROVICH, H. O., ABDURASHIDOVICH, U. A., O'G'LI, I. J. R., & RAVSHANOVICH, S. F. (2020). Prospects for the industrial use of coal in the world and its process of reproducing. Prospects, 6(5).
[21] Хатамова, Д. А. (2010). Проблемы идентификации и эквивалентности литературоведческих терминов (на материале русско-узбекской терминологии): Автореф. дисс. канд. филол. наук.
[22] Khatamova, D. A. (2019). Sphere of reception of the term "artistic image". A
young scientist. Kazan, 45, 283.
[23] Khatamova, D. A. Historical and cultural background od typological study russian and uzbek literature. Journal of critical reviews/ISSN-2394-5125 VOL, 7, 130-138.
[24] Хатамова, Д., & Мохигул, А. (2021). Тил ва сузнинг фарки. Общество и инновации, 2(5/S), 246-249.
[25] Хатамова, Д. А., & Алтундаг, М. (2021). К вопросу о термине «художественный образ». Интернет-пространство как вызов научному сообществу XXI века, (1), 43-46.
[26] Хатамова, Д. А. (2019). Сфера рецепции термина" художественный образ". Молодой ученый, (45), 386-389.
[27] Хатамова, Д. А. (2016). К вопросу об идентификации некоторых литературоведческих категорий. Молодой учёный, 7, 1185.
[28] Журчева, Т. В. (2011). Герой и среда в современной драматургии: от" Утиной охоты" до" Кислорода" и" Пластилина". In Современная драматургия (конец XX-начало XXI вв.) в контексте театральных традиций и новаций (pp. 39-48).
SCIENTIFIC PROGRESS VOLUME 2 I ISSUE 3 I 2021
ISSN: 2181-1601
[29] Хатамова, Д. А. К ПРОБЛЕМЕ АДЕКВАТНОСТИ ПЕРЕВОДА ЛИТЕРАТУРОВЕДЧЕСКИХ ТЕРМИНОВ. In Стратеги м1жкулътурног комунжацп в мовнт oceimi сучасного ВНЗ [Електронний ресурс]: зб. матергалгв МИжнар. наук.-практ. конф., м. КиХв (5 березня 2016р.).—К.: КНЕУ, 2016.—233 с. ISBN 978-966-956-090-1 (p. 213).
[30] Махаммадиев, C., Каюмов, Х., Зиядов, Ш., & Атоева, Г. тупрокшунослик йуналишларининг долзарб муаммолари ва илмий.
