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Список литературы /References
1. ICAO Doc 9992. Руководство по использованию навигации, основанной на характеристиках (PBN), при построении воздушного пространства. Монреаль: ИКАО, 2013.
2. ICAO Doc 9168. Производство полетов воздушных судов. Том I: Правила производства полетов. Монреаль: ИКАО, 2006.
3. Резолюция ИКАО № А39-1. Сводное заявление о постоянной политике и практике ИКАО в области охраны окружающей среды. Общие положения, авиационный шум и качество местного воздуха. Монреаль: ИКАО, 2016.
TO THE QUESTION OF THE SMOOTH START OF REFRIGERATION EQUIPMENT Bulov A.O.1, Lyalikova A.A.2 (Russian Federation) Email: Bulov464@scientifictext.ru
1Bulov Artem Olegovich - graduate Student, DEPARTMENT OF REFRIGERATION CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING AND AIR CONDITIONING, INSTITUTE OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND MECHATRONICS SIBERIAN STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY NAMED AFTER M.F.
RESHETNEV;
2Lyalikova Anastasia Alexandrovna - Foreign language Teacher, KRASNOYARSK TECHNOLOGICAL COLLEGE OF FOOD INDUSTRY, KRASNOYARSK
Abstract: the paper considers the use of frequency converters as soft-start systems for refrigeration compressors, due to a gradual increase in power, as a result of raising the voltage from zero to full, without changing the frequency and without controlling the speed at any time. The main advantages of using soft-start systems are shown. The main types of frequency converters are considered. Conclusions are drawn that the use of frequency converters for the smooth start of compressor equipment drives is an actual, effective and promising direction for the development of refrigeration equipment and technologies. Keywords: frequency converter, efficiency, compressor.
К ВОПРОСУ ПЛАВНОГО ЗАПУСКА ХОЛОДИЛЬНОГО
ОБОРУДОВАНИЯ 12 Булов А.О. , Ляликова A.A. (Российская Федерация)
1Булов Артём Олегович - аспирант, кафедра холодильной криогенной техники и кондиционирования, институт машиноведения и мехатроники, Сибирский государственный университет науки и технологий им. М.Ф. Решетнева; 2Ляликова Анастасия Александровна - преподаватель иностранного языка, Красноярский технологический техникум пищевой промышленности,
г. Красноярск
Аннотация: в работе рассматривается применение частотных преобразователей в качестве систем плавного пуска холодильных компрессоров за счет постепенного увеличения мощности, в результате поднятия напряжения от нуля до полного, не изменяя частоты и не контролируя скорость в любой момент времени. Показаны основные преимущества при использовании систем плавного пуска. Рассмотрены основные виды частотных преобразователей. Сделаны выводы о том, что
применение частотных преобразователей для плавного пуска приводов компрессорного оборудования является актуальным, эффективным и перспективным направлением развития холодильной техники и технологий.
Ключевые слова: частотный преобразователь, производительность, компрессор.
The issue of energy conversion is very relevant in the modern world. All kinds of electric drives serve a single purpose - the conversion of electricity into mechanical force. They are able to control and adjust the operation of both synchronous and asynchronous power plants that drive various mechanisms - pumps for oil and water intake, fans, elevators, conveyors, etc. Mankind has invented many different devices to control these processes, but the most common is a frequency converter.
A frequency converter is a solid-state device that serves only one purpose - shockless, smooth start-up by gradually increasing power by raising the voltage from zero to full, without changing the frequency and without controlling the speed at any time [1].
The frequency converter is able to reduce the starting current, removing stress loads by smoothly accelerating the electric motor from zero to full speed.
Such devices are very widely used in refrigeration equipment: to regulate the rotation speed of electric motors of compressors.
The use of these devices allows you to achieve the following results:
• saving electrical energy at variable load, in the following cases. when the load of the electric motor is incomplete;
• the possibility of a smooth start of the electric motor, significantly reducing its runout;
• reduction of air consumption, by reducing the proportion of leaks with increasing pressure in the pipeline, with low energy consumption;
• increase in pressure beyond normal if necessary;
• possibility of rapid diagnostics of the compressor drive;
• detection of phase loss for input and output circuits;
• the ability to control braking and automatically restart the drive when disconnecting and connecting the mains voltage, respectively;
• increase in equipment resource;
• reduction of pipeline resistance by eliminating the control valve;
• reducing the cost of preventive and major repairs of the system, as the resource increases by an average of 1.5 times [2 - 3].
Let's consider the main models of frequently used frequency converters in refrigeration equipment.
For example, Danfoss produces the AKD 102 converter (power range 1.1. 50 kW at a frequency of 50 Hz). It is designed specifically for refrigeration units, increases their service life, optimizes energy consumption and ensures the preservation of high quality food. This is a control system with the possibility of remote monitoring and documentary confirmation of measurements.
The converter is assembled on a solid aluminum base, which is also a radiator, which allows you to work with maximum power at ambient temperatures up to 50 ° C. AKD 102 reduces the number of compressor starts and stops. It is possible to stop compressor by an emergency signal (thermostat function, pressostat). When starting the compressor, the AKD 102 provides increased (up to 130%) torque and can provide excess (110%) torque for 60 seconds during normal operation. In the standard version, the AKD 102 has a built-in controller that can control a maximum of three refrigeration compressors (one with variable frequency and two others with constant frequency), providing alternation of the last two compressors in order to equalize their operating time [4].
Another popular type of frequency converter is Varipack, the manufacturer of which is Bitzer. These devices can operate in two modes: the compressor performance can be adjusted either depending on an external signal or on the evaporation temperature using an optional additional pressure controller module. In addition, using the output signal 0-10V,
the speed of rotation of the condenser fans can be adjusted, as well as the ability to turn on the second compressor. As for pressure regulation, the Varipack converter has a built-in database of all the most popular refrigerants for easy setup and control.
Optimized Varipack configuration according to the current cooling capacity needs of the system, reduces energy consumption, increases efficiency and reduces operating costs.
The Varipack frequency converter is suitable for cooling and air conditioning systems, as well as for heat pumps and can be combined with both individual compressors and combined stations [5].
Thus, it can be concluded that the use of frequency converters for the smooth start of compressor equipment drives is an actual, effective and promising direction for the development of refrigeration equipment and technologies. In addition, measures for their implementation at compressor stations are possible due to an acceptable payback period.
References / Список литературы
1. The correct choice of frequency-controlled drives and soft-start devices. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://www.elektro.ru/articles/pravilnyy-vybor-chastotno-reguliruemogo-privoda-i-ustroystva-plavnogo-puska/ (date of access: 11.10.2022).
2. Chernyshov A.K., Usacheva T.V. Analysis of the energy characteristics of an asynchronous compressor motor depending on the laws of frequency regulation // Energy and energy conservation: theory and practice, 2017. Р. 323.
3. Application of frequency converters and soft-start devices in compressor equipment. [Electronic resource]. URL: http://novaum.ru/public/p1750/ (date of access: 11.10.2022).
4. Application of frequency converters in refrigeration. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://shamrin.ru/chastotnyy-preobrazovatel-dlya-holodilnogo-kompressora/ (date of access: 11.10.2022).
5. Flexible energy saving with Varipack frequency converters. [Electronic resource]. URL: https://www.holodinfo.ru/archive/2021/oct/file/ (date of access: 11.10.2022).
