CC BY
49
According to it, the first diet medium (A) organizes damaging degree with Bracon 86,6% of all prepared diet medium, It takes about 13,3 days from eggs to imago (mature) period. Imagoes live 5,8 days. It takes 1,8 days to birth larvae from eggs,5,4 days for larva period,4,6 days for pupa period.
Genders of Bracons which went out from medium are male: female proportion will be 1:6.
In next diet medium (B) damaging degree of Bracon mediums will be 61,3%. It takes 1,3 days to go out larvae from eggs, in diet medium caterpillars inhabit 3,3 days and transform to pupa. Pupa period continues 4,8 days, imagoes develop a little and in pupa period they die in spite of observing their flying. In next mediums (C) Bracon damage diet mediums till 73,4%. It takes 1,7 days to appear larvae from layed eggs and they begin to consume nutrition.
Larvae develop for 4,8 days in this diet mediums and pupa period includes 4,6 days. Genders of Bracons flown from medium are male: females proportion is 1 : 4.
Conclusion
It is defined during research that prepared all diet mediums are detrimented with Bracon generation, they layed their eggs there. But some of diet mediums die because of inconvenience for developing parasite generation.
According to mediums' structure the portion of only wax moths hemolymph (A) is 40,4 and in this diet medium Bracon parasites progress continuingly. The reason of it, there is average albumen and oil in the ingredient of hemolymph. They are convenient for developing parasite larva.
Thus, in order to develop and consume of Bracon generation well from above mentioned artificial diet mediums first medium (A) hemolymph wax moths (G.melonella) (Ax) 40,04%, chicken yolk (A3) 30,03%, milk (AO 29,03% is confirmed as the best diet medium to rear Bracon parasite.
References:
1. Kimsanboev Х. Х., Jumaev R. А. Renewing and rearing technology of Bracon hebetor Say in Biolaboratory; Материалы VIII-оймеждународной научно-практической конференции молодых исследователей, - г. Волгоград, - 2014. - 257-259.
2. Kimsanboyev Khujamurot. Renewing technology of Bracon hebetor Say in biolaboratory - 50. - Tashkent, - 2003.
3. Jumaev R. А., Kimsanboev Х. Х. Using the efficacy of parasite entomophags rared in artificial medium for cotton-plant's agrobiosynos at controlling the number of rodent pests./^ишлок; хужалигини инновацион ривожлантришда олий ва уртамахсус, касб-хунар таълим муассасалари ёш олимларининг рули. - Тошкент, - 2016. - 211.
4. Li Li-ying et al - 1988, The artificial diets ofEocanthecona furcellata (Wolff). Bulletin of Biologic control - 4 (1): 45 (In china) References.
5. Huang Xin - fei - 1986. Study on the use of Habrobracon hebetor. Bulletin of Biological Control - 2 (2): 70-75 (In Chinese).
6. Consoli F. L., Parra J. R. P., - 1999. - In vitro rearing of parasitoids: constraints and perspectives. - Trends in Entomology, - 2: 20-30.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20534/ESR-17-3.4-5-7
Khujanazarov Uktam Eshtemirovich, Tashkent State Pedagogical University, Docent, the faculty of Natural sciences E-mail: [email protected] Mirkhamidova Parida, Tashkent State Pedagogical University, Doctor of biology, professor, the faculty of Natural sciences E-mail: [email protected] Valikhanova Akida Kamoliddin qizi, Tashkent State Pedagogical University, Bachelor student, the faculty of Natural sciences E-mail: [email protected] Nizamova Aziza Rakhmatulla qizi, Tashkent State Pedagogical University, Bachelor student, the faculty of Natural sciences E-mail: [email protected] Riskitillaeva Nikhola Abduvoxid qizi, Tashkent State Pedagogical University, Bachelor student, the faculty of Natural sciences named after Nizami, Tashkent city, Uzbekistan E-mail: [email protected]
To define the biological active matter-flavonoids in medicinal plants
Abstract: This paper summarizes the general flavonoids quantity, having antioxidant peculiarities where is situated in the southern-western Zarafshan ranges in Kashkadarya basin in medicinal plants such as Origanum tytthanthum, Ziziphora
Section 1. Biology
clinopodioides Lam., Rheum maximowiczii, Trichodesma incanum, Alhagi pseudalhagi, Mentha asiatica Boriss, Peganum harmala L. The researches were held in spring, summer and autumn months in the leaves and stems of medicinal plants.
Keywords: flavonoides, antioxidant, free-radicals, Alhagi pseudalhagi, Mentha asiatica Boriss, Origanum tytthanthum, Peganum harmala L., Rheum maximowiczii, Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam., Trichodesma incanum, extract, triton-100, 96% of spirits, lemon acid.
Flavonoids are not synthesized in organisms of animals; they are adopted in organism together with food. Flavonoids are biologically active combinations, they influence as antioxidant, protecting the organism from free — radicals, and intensify tolerance against to an influence of external factors. Flavonoids enter to natural antioxidants range; they may be used to correction of many diseases. If flavonoids are deficient in organisms, some diseases will be appeared. Flavonoids of some plants especially have to the vitamin P influence, they decrease the fragility of blood vessel, can be used as the gall and urine extracting means [2; 3; 6].
Flavonoids are wide spread in nature and they encounter almost in all high plants. Especially, Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Composi-tae, Apiaceae, Umbelliferae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae and other family members are rich to flavonoids. These group combinations will be as solution in cellular sap of all organs of plants. Flavonoids are more accumulated especially in flowering period ofplants, then their quantity will be decreased. Plants usually more synthesize the flavonoids in the southern districts and in open, shiny lands than species of growing other territories [6].
In some medicinal plants so that in Centaurea cyanus L., Flores et Frustus Crataegi, Alabastra (Flores) et Fructus Sophorae Japoni-cae, Aronia melanocarpa (Michx) Elliot, Helichrysum arenarium D. C., Tanacetum vylgare L., Herba Hyperici (Hypericum perforatum), some biological active matters were defined, for example flavonoids were explored too. So, in flowers of Helichrysum arenarium, Tanacetum vulgare and Crataegus sanguinea Pall, the flavonoids were defined. They will be used as extract, fluid extract, nastoyka (a kind of liqueur) to cure some diseases [2].
It is known, flavonoids can be used for correction in rather more diseases. Utilization of pesticides in agriculture the environment are being polluted, in conclusion this chemical factors damage to animal and human organisms. When damaged with pesticides, peroxide oxidation process of lipids in mitochondria and micro soma of rat's liver was raised several times and activity of some ferments such as
ALaT, ACT and LDG were changed. To avoid from the poisoning and in correction we can use from plant antioxidant factors [1; 5].
To determine the quantity of flavonoids in the medicinal plants is the index of having essential biological importance. So the aim of our work is to define the general flavonoids quantity, having antioxidant peculiarities where is situated in the southern-western Zarafshan ranges in Kashkadarya basin in medicinal plants such as Origanum tytthanthum, Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam., Rheum maximowiczii, Trichodesma incanum, Alhagi pseudalhagi, Mentha asiatica Boriss, Peganum harmala L. The researches were held in spring, summer and autumn months in the leaves and stems of medicinal plants.
It was used over the 1% of triton X-100 with the solution of 96% spirits for determination flavonoids in plant materials. A reaction was based to complex arising with the stable color as a result of boron solution of lemon acid in the flavonoids that separated from plant tissues. The arisen color complex was measured in spectrometer - 46 of420 nm, the quantity of general flavonoids in medicinal plants was defined [4].
We conducted the researches in medicinal plants such like Origanum tytthanthum, Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam., Rheum maximowiczii, Trichodesma incanum, Alhagi pseudalhagi, Mentha asiatica Boriss, Peganum harmala L. in various seasons growing in the southern-western Zarafshan ranges.
Results showed, that the quantity of flavonoids in medicinal plants in spring, summer and autumn seasons was different (table-1). The highest quantity of flavonoids in summer for Rheum maximowiczii was 3600 mkg/g, for Peganum harmala L. was 3525 mkg/g, in spring a quantity of it for Rheum maximowiczii was 2625 mkg/g, in Peganum harmala L. was 1800 mkg/g. As such, it was defined that in medicinal plants such as Peganum harmala L., Origanum tytthanthum and Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. in spring season a quantity of flavonoids was high. We observed the highest quantity of flavonoids in Mentha asiatica Boriss extract in summer season, which is used in medicine as spices.
Table 1. - A general flavonoids' quantity in some medicinal plants (mkg/g):
№ The name of medicinal plants Spring Summer Autumn
1 Alhagi pseudalhagi 487.5±0.480 637.5±0.638 1950.2±1.99
2 Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. 900±0.428 675±0.675
3 Mentha asiatica Boriss 2250±2.25 3000±3 2550±2.55
4 Melissa 1838.5±1.838 1987.5±1.987 1275±0.758
5 Origanum tytthanthum 2925±2.93 1400±1.4 1950±1.95
6 Trichodesma incanum 2100±2.1 1150±1.150
7 Rumex 1875±1.875 2026±2.025 1764±1.763
8 Peganum harmala L. 1800±1.8 3525±3.53 1875±1.875
9 Rheum maximowiczii 2625±0.263 3600±3.6
Its quantity was 2250 mkg/g in spring season, 3000 mkg/g in summer, 2550 mkg/g in autumn. The highest concentration of flavonoids in Origanum tytthanthum was in spring season, it was 2925 mkg/g, in summer it was 1400 mkg/g, in autumn it involved 1950 mkg/g, for Alhagi pseudalhagi it was 1975,2 mkg/g and this quantity was much more than spring and summer seasons. The
high quantity of flavonoids was defined in sorrel plant in summer that it included about 2026 mkg/g. The flavonoids' quantitywas high in spring and summer seasons in lemon herbs, but in autumn its quantity was low level.
The received results showed, that general flavonoids, having antioxidant influence, encounter in the composition of medicinal
plants such as Alhagi pseudalhagi, Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam., Mentha asiatica Boriss, Origanum tytthanthum, Peganum harmala L., Rheum maximowiczii, Trichodesma incanum and its high quan-
tity will be in summer for Peganum harmala L. and Rheum maxi-mowiczii.
References:
1. Alimbabaeva N. T., Khalitova R. A., Mirkhamidova P. and others. An action of karate on the peroxide oxidation of lipids in mitochondrion and micro soma of rat level. Uzbek biological journal. - T. - 2005.6. - P. 34-37.
2. Kurkin V. A. A modern aspects of chemical classification of biological active combinations//Pharmacy, - 2002. - Volume. 50, - No. 2, - P. 8-16.
3. Kurkina A. V. Flavonoids of pharmacopoeia plants: Monography. Samara: OOO «Ofort», GBOU VPO SamSMU, - 2012. - 290 p.
4. Rogojin V. V. Practicum on biological chemistry. - Sankt - Petersburg. - Moscow - Krasnodar, - 2006. - 255 p.
5. Seydalieva L. T., Mirchamidova P., Ishmuminov B., Khudayberganova G. K. An influence of pesticides to activity of some ferment of rat level and their correction ways. Scientific almanac. - 2015. - No. 11-4 (13) 238-241 p.
6. Kholmatov H.Kh., Akhmedov U. A. Farmacognosy. T. Ibn Sino. - 1995. - P. 452.
