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TO CONCERN COMPUTER VISION PROFESSIONAL DOMAIN
Lavrova A.
Nizhny Novgorod Technical University
Abstract
The concept of the suggested paper deals with peculiarities of the computer vision language, the language of computers able to understand or interact with their surroundings. The analysis of the paper is concerned with the running standard the length of which comes to 15 pages (A size sheet), and that is about 45.000 printed signs to be regarded as a representative standard to be examined and analyzed. The analysis of the specialized vocabulary demanded various techniques to be used while studying it: the lexical and compositional, statistical, math and comparison approaches. Several protocols are composed during the investigation: the standard representation, the availability and statistics of specialized many component word combinations, and the conclusive one to proclaim the peculiarities of the studied vocabulary.
Keywords: computer, vision, semantic, environment, analysis, specialized, vocabulary, protocols etc.
The analysis procedure includes the goal of the studies to be presented like computer vision specialized vocabulary analysis to consist of the following task -analysis of the composition of the most frequent word combinations. The hypothesis suggested deals with the advanced idea to organize specialized computer vision vocabulary like a systematic list of many component word combinations, and professional verbs (of the Latin origin) to realize the phenomenon of computer vision vocabulary to be manifested like a specific organization of vocabulary units to be able to interpret a highly organized smart systems to be manifested as "computer vision". The corresponding scientific and engineering knowledge demands an advanced modern specialized and sufficient smart vocabulary to be adequate to the corresponding science. The experimental program is developed like a staged process to skylight many components words combinations, prognosis to further evolution of the adopted represented vocabulary. The scientific novelty is dictated by the notion of the corresponding science sphere like computer vision. This modernized sphere of our time should be interpreted by the adequate modern vocabulary. The theory and significance of the suggested paper is based on the idea to use some specific vocabulary components (see above). New modern IT problems of American science and technology languages are presented through the specialized word combinations like the shortest and smart way to manifest the corresponding science and to fix the investigators' attention over to the perspectives of such investigations within the boarder lines of the established theory. We can say about the formulated theory of specialized lexemes, and lexical units to be regarded as sufficient components of the modern IT specialized smart vocabulary. The experience to have
analyzed such vocabularies is rather rich, and sufficient to formulate such specialized vocabularies theory. Such a theory is based on the experimental data to reveal the reasons of such types vocabularies formation.
The procedure The computer vision vocabulary consists of many subdivisions to concern the design of modern deep detectors, object detection, major challenges, extending object detection etc. Each subtitle division is confirmed by its own mini vocabulary to realize the notion suggested by the subdivisions themselves. That is the running standard to display the following vocabulary lexemes peculiarities. The history of such peculiarities is defined by the science and engineering notions of the corresponding science. This vocabulary is complex, and the most of lexemes are specialized, and of the Latin origin. As for Germanic words they are not numerous; they are prepositions, conjunctions, irregular verbs, and not numerous lexemes of the common register like good, better, enough, all etc. as for the vocabulary composition it consists of many components word combinations. First let us present the shortest two components word combinations: location objects, primary tasks, usual intelligence, object detection, all the challenges, a major precursor, semantic understanding, the surrounding environment, industry researches, autonomous driving, rescue operations, brand recognition, visual effects, digitalizing texts, aerial images, a major challenge, the semantic gap, visual data, object detection, natural extension, classification problem etc. The above examples are only one small part of the standard chosen. The above two component word combinations carry very important science and engineering information. Despite the fact the very word combina-
tions are very short in length but the science and engineering notions programmed inside are very deep and sufficient. These word combinations are terminology word combinations, they are highly specified. They represent the nucleus of the notion to correspond to the science notion adequately. Such specialized word combinations are free over their composition. Each of them represent a matrix notion but they give the perspectives to further evolution. For ex., digitalizing texts is considered like a very learned and specialized word combination of the Latin origin (from L digitalis), it means making calculations with data represented by digits or in a similar discrete form. So the lexeme text - the original word of the author esp. op. to paraphrase of or commentary on them about this in the text; the text is hopelessly corrupt). {ME f. ONE tixte,texte f. L textus tissue, literary style ( in med. L= Gospel) f. L texere text -weave
{COD, 1980)}. Such a compact word combination carries concrete exact and reliable information. It is represented by a part of the model №1. The part 1 used in the very model strengthens the notion to be evolved. This specialized word combination gives the detailed information to concern the text to be under the process of being digitalized. The two component word combination substitutes for. ex., the whole subordinate clause. It occupies less space, it saves the space but enlarges the semantic space by using only two specialized lexemes. By using the only one attribute the word combination gives the information to concern the text to be not just a simple text but gives some new attributive coloring and adds a new additional shade of meaning to be added to the word "text". The added meaning to the notion of the lexeme gives an extra attribute function to change completely the notion denoted by the lexeme "text." After such a change a two component word combination has transformed its notion up to a new dig-italized one.
The computer vision professional language is characterized by the usage of many components (three-,four-,five etc ) word combinations such as handcrafted engineered visual features processed (the longest word combinations), hand-crafted features, linear binary patterns, deep convolutional challenging neural networks, feed-forward artificial neural networks, human visual cortex, multi-character strings , challenging image net data set, a fixed-length feature vector, domain specific fine-turning etc. The question is to be put why such a specialized vocabulary uses many component word combinations. This vocabulary keeps such word combinations, for ex., hand-crafted engineered features processed uses six components without prepositions. The very word combination substitutes the whole passage to be used. The main component "features" uses one right, and four left attributes. The level of specialized lexemes should be adequate to realize and forecast specialized lexemes language evolution, and the approaches and trends to regulate specialized vocabulary developing. Applied engineering linguistics should realize terminology vocabulary to be developed to use a systematic approach to be based on the deep knowledge of specialized vocabulary features. And such an approach is regarded like a part of linguistic
policy, and language planning. Such a terminology trend is considered to be like a perspective and useful one. So many component words combinations without prepositions are considered to be free over their composition; it means that many word combinations can be organized for any purpose to dispose the necessary specialized lexemes. They should be in wide choice to arrange them in a regular systematic order. So the problem is concerned with specialized vocabulary to display the necessary professional lexemes. The very example is provided with a set of learned lexemes of the Latin origin as well as Greek's. Let's address the analyses of the lexemes used: hand (n) - terminal part of human arm beyond wrist; hand [OE hand, hond=OS hand, OHG hant, ON hond, GOTH. OE handus] the lexeme hand is of the Germanic origin; craft(ed ) skill [OE craft=OS,OHG kraft, ON kraptr strength] Craft is also of the Germanic origin. Engineer(ed)- one who designs and constructs military works; works in a branch of engineering asp. As qualified professional Civil -one who designes or maintains works of public utility etc. One who works in a branch of engineering asp. as qualified professional [ME f. OF engigneor f. med. L ingeniator-oris(ingeniare as engine; see-or); ending later assim. to -eer]. The lexeme "engineer" is of the Latin origin concerned with or used in, seeing (visual nerve, organ) [ME, f. LL visualis (virsus (sigit f. videre see; see-al)]. The lexeme visual is considered to be of the Latin origin. Feature (n) and v (usu. in pl.). Part of face 2)dis-tinctive or characteristic part of a thing, part that arrests attention etc . [ME,+ OF felure,failure form f .L facture, formation]. The lexeme is of the Latin origin. Process n., & v.t. 1.Progress, course in construction etc, being constructed etc, by particular process [ME f. OF process f. L processus (a) proceed)]. The lexeme process comes to the Latin origin.
A many components word combination handcrafted engineered visual features processed has got six components, and the first two of them are presented like Germanic units, and the other belong to the Latin origin. The word combination is highly scientific but two first lexemes hand and crafted being German words over their origin among the above learned & scientific to undergo the process of term formation under the cognition control to occur inside the unique group to correspond to their science and engineering notion. As for the cognition process it influences the choice of the lexemes to be chosen and used, and the combination of components is also dictated and controlled by it. Every process inside a specialized vocabulary is concerned with the cognition process to govern, and build it out. The problem to regulate specialized vocabulary is concerned with cognition processes too. Specialized vocabularies aren't systematically studied yet, its typology isn't realized yet too. The cognition process occurred is changing with the time, and ideas, and new sciences to appear. The cognition process follows specialized vocabularies formation as science interests changing with new problems to be risen. The problem of the corresponding science is responsible for each specialized vocabulary unit. All these operations are being realized under the cognition control processes. The fact is that new sciences appear to depend upon the
science developing and the corresponding specialized vocabularies are demanded by them and by societies changing conditions to exist and live under these conditions. So social conditions changes are concerned with science progress expecting new smart vocabularies to come to meet the demands of new science branches. Specialized vocabularies, and new specialized lexemes are to be regulated, and put into order. Such are the conditions for specialized vocabularies to be adequate for science developing. The cognition processes control specialized vocabularies evolution. Cognitive terminology is responsible for such vocabularies evolution to answer the standards of newly born sciences.
The analyzed computer vision specialized language demands a unique specialized vocabulary to be studied, and stimulate to further evolution to correspond the changes of computer vision vocabulary. The very vocabulary consists of such divisions as the design of modern deep detectors, object detection, extending object detection etc. to be subdivided into very delicate layers to demand the peculiarities of the studied specialized vocabularies like backbone networks, single stage detectors, cascades, parts-based models, model training data augmentation, complementary new ideas object detection, detecting small objects, weakly super visual detection and many others.
Now let's get down to the architecture of the net works unit. A number of many components specialized units is used by the very delicate vocabulary division of the architecture networks vocabulary: a lego-like construction pattern, chaining different building blocks, the additional difficulties encounted, popular double stage detectors, the object detection performance, the most popular architecture, state-of the-art performences, large down-sampling factors etc. The above many component word combinations are free word combinations, and asyndetic. Now come to the analysis of such free word combinations with conjunctions: backbones in object, large down-sampling factors in classification networks, information for networks focusing on speed, multi-sale nature of object detection, the lower layers with finer resolution, final feature maps of the net works, sizable objects in large images, the context pixels of the object, different feature maps with different receptive fields, standard bottom-up network connected through lateral connections etc. The etymology analysis (the Oxford dictionary data) of free word combinations with prepositions, for ex., large down-sampling factors in classification networks: it consists of six components with a conjunction link , we should reveal Germanic or Latin origin; large (a) of wide range, comprehensive, (large powers, discretion). [ME f. OF, f. fem.. of L largus copious]; -(adv.)denoting motion from above, to lower place, to ground etc(knock), fall, down; [OE dun=OS duna, perh. Of OCelt.* dunom]. The third lexeme ot the analyzed word combination is sampling; that is from sample, take or give samples, get a representative experience, an illustrative or typical examples [ME.,f. AF as sample, OF essample, example]. The next lexeme to be analyzed is factor(s) -(n)-merchant buying and selling on commission [f. F.
facteur or f. L factor]. the preposition "in" expr. inclusion or position within limits of space, time, circumstances etc. [OE=OS, OHG, Goth. ,in f. IE (e)n]. The lexeme classification-classi/fication- arrangement in classes, assignment in classes,assignment to a class [back form f. L classification f. F. (as class). Net [OE -net(t),= OS net(ti), OHG nezzi, ONnet, Goth.nati, fab-rikor twine, coard, hair, etc.; joined at interval, to form a set of mashes, piece of this used for catching fish, birds etc. works (n) in pl. Operations in building etc. klerk of (the) works; public works; in pl. often treated as sing.-place where manufacture etc. is carried on ironworks, gasworks; the works is or are closed next week[OE wyrcan (Gmc*wurkjan,wircan (Gmc* werkjan, & we can (f.we(o)rc n); see prec.
So there are seven lexemes and large is OF, L of the Latin origin perh. of the Celt. Origin, and the lexeme down has come from OF; the lexemes factors has come to gothic, and even to Greek; the modern lexeme networks consists of two units: net(s) and works. The first lexeme comes to Gothic, and work(s) pl. -OE and comes to Gmc* wurkjan. So the three lexemes large, factor(s) and classification come to the Latin origin, and the preposition in, and the lexeme networks(s) come from Celtic, and Gothic. Upon the whole the above seven components word combination is pure scientific despite the fact that two units aren't of the Latin origin but judging by the origin of "in", and "down" are assumed to be service words; the word combination is of many components but is considered to be a unique one., and that means both the unit "in', and "down' are taken like the necessary to organize a very scientific, and a learned word combination like an integral unit. And that means that separate lexemes to be interspersed among learned pure scientific lexemes of the Latin origin undergo the term process of the term formation, that's why "in", and "down" aren't grasped like fallen out of a very set of the specialized lexemes.
Let address the analysis of "the context pixels of the object"; this is a many component word combination with a conjunction link. Every lexeme underwent the Oxford dictionary analysis to check the learned lexemes of the Latin origin. The preposition of says about the Germanic origin as for the remainder units context, pixel(s) and object. The etymology analysis shows the belongings of the above units to learned words of the Latin origin. Context (n)- parts that precede or follow a passage, and fix its meaning (out of, without these and hence misleading; ambient conditions etc., [ME, f.7 engine L contextus fr. texere text - weave]. Pixel(s) - pix, var. of pyx[17th c.; origin unkn.]
Pix n, pl., (colloq.) pictures (addr.), pixie, pixy,n, sypernatural being akin to fairy; hat, hood (with pointed crown). Pixil (1)ated (a) bewildered; craze; drunk [var. of pixes led (precooled)]+ -ate+ - ed. Object (n) 1) Thing placed before eyes or presented to one of the senses; material thing; thing observed with optical instrument or represented in picture. [ME, f. med.L objec-tum thing presented to the mind, p.p. of L. ob (jicere, ject-throw]. And- conjunction (and, an,or, when stressed, connecting words, clauses, or sentences [OE and=OS and endi, OHG anti, enti-[- f. IE* atha].
No doubt the above many component word combination is a very learned one, and is concentrated round the lexeme pixels to be a very modern engineering and science unit; as for the lexemes context and object they confirm the word combinations belonging to the learned sphere, and they are bookish. As for the conjunction "and" and all the other components they are connected to each other by this service element.
Conclusions
The depicted specialized system of "Computer vision" represents a learned science & engineering vocabulary. The peculiarity of this vocabulary consists in using many components word combinations (two-three-and- four etc.). This innovation engineering language uses them easily, and the word combinations are very compact, simple in their organization to substitute long chained sentences. Such formations are easy to be learned and understood. Most of the components are of the Latin origin. As for some service words to realize the conjunction link between them these Germanic lexemes are observed like the necessary elements inside these specialized words combinations. The last ones are considered to be a typical characteristic of new science & technology American Languages. It's engineering achievement to organize new components free words combinations, and it gives the possibility not to study separate lexemes but to realize them in sentences. The word combinations are the product of the corresponding IT science as the product of our millennium.
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