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56МИРОВАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА
TNCS IN RUSSIA AND ABROAD
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Savina A.B. , Tkachenko A.E. , Khusainova E.N. (Russian Federation) Email: Savina244@scientifictext.ru
1Savina Anastasia Borisovna - Graduate Student, 2Tkachenko Anastasia Evgenievna - Associate Professor; 3Khusainova Eugene Nikolaevna - Associate Professor, DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES FOR THE HUMANITIES AND NATURAL SCIENCES, NORTH CAUCASUS FEDERAL UNIVERSITY, STAVROPOL
Abstract: the article analyzes the influence of multinational companies on the economies of countries, their positive and negative sides, provides examples of multinational companies. It also considers the list of the largest companies in the field of computer and software production. The analysis of modern features of the activities of leading multinational corporations is carried out, and on its basis the main trends at the present stage of their development will be highlighted.
Keywords: multinational corporations, transnational corporations, the world economy, world production regulators.
ТНК В РОССИИ И ЗА РУБЕЖОМ
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Савина А.Б. , Ткаченко А.Е. , Хусаинова Е.Н. (Российская Федерация)
1Савина Анастасия Борисовна - студент магистратуры; 2Ткаченко Анастасия Евгеньевна - доцент; 3Хусаинова Евгения Николаевна - доцент, кафедра иностранных языков для гуманитарных и естественнонаучных специальностей, Северо-Кавказский федеральный университет, г. Cтаврополь
Аннотация: в статье анализируется влияние транснациональных компаний на экономику стран, их положительные и отрицательные стороны, приводятся примеры транснациональных компаний. Так же рассматривается список крупнейших компаний в области производства компьютеров и программного обеспечения. Проводится анализ современных особенностей деятельности ведущих транснациональных корпораций, и на его основе выделяются основные тенденции на современном этапе их развития.
Ключевые слова: транснациональные корпорации, ТНК, мировая экономика, регуляторы мирового производства.
In the current economic situation in the world transnational corporations (TNCs) are of considerable interest. This is a fairly large and complex structure that can span different industries. One cannot fail to note the enormous influence of such structures on the economy of both a single state and the world as a whole. TNCs are regulators of world production and distributors of goods. The high degree and rapid process of production internationalization among the largest transnational corporations influenced their establishment of leadership in international markets.
Transnational corporations are firms that operate internationally in two or more countries, and these units are managed from one or more centers [1].
TNCs of the 21st century include a large number of companies in the areas of computer and software production (Apple, Microsoft, IBM, Google and others), engineering (Toyota motor, Volkswagen, BMW, Nissan motor and others), oil and gas production (Exxon Mobil, Chevron , Gazprom), metallurgy (Norilsk Nikel, Vale), pharmaceutical products (Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer, Roche), food industry (Nestle, Unilever, Coca-Cola) and others.
TNCs show a large growth dynamics. At the beginning of the 90s there were 37 thousand of them with a turnover of $7 billion, and in 2018 there were already about 95 thousand transnational corporations in the world and their turnover amounted to more than $40 trillion. Today, there are more than 70 thousand parent companies and more than 500 thousand foreign branches. According to some estimates, TNCs carry out more than half of the foreign trade turnover. The center of the entire world economic system is formed by about 2 thousand of the largest TNCs from around the world, their annual sales before the financial crisis exceeded $1 billion, and capitalization, as a rule, amounted to more than $2 billion [2].
In Russia, transnational companies in most cases belong to the natural resource sector [3]. Examples of such companies are Gazprom, Lukoil, but there are companies in the food industry that have entered the international market, for example, Wimm-Bill-Dann.
TNCs, as defined by the UN, are companies that:
- work in two or more countries;
- have a center through which control takes place;
- every branch is connected with the rest and influences them.
A transnational corporation affects the global economy through competition. Since TNCs are a large association, large assets turn around in it. Because of this, it is easier to master the new direction of such a large company than to enter the new market. Due to the existing activities that generate revenue, the corporation is able to make a new product competitive. It can reduce prices and thus crowd out competitors in the form of new companies.
The main disadvantageof TNCs in the country is the possibility of monopolizing a certain industry due to its enormous scale. If this tendency isn't prevented, the company will expand more and more, master new technologies and move to other industries. And this can lead to an ideal situation for the company to the fact that most of the industries will belong to only one player.
To prevent such processes, the regulation of TNCs must exist. But the regulatory issue remains very complex, as the corporation has both a center and branches. Typically, the activities of TNCs are controlled by the country in which the parent company is located, through the legislation of corporations. Moreover, there are attempts to apply the same legislation of a certain country to branches located in other countries. For example, the United States has created the doctrine of so-called "effective communication" and the theory of "transnational law", which are used to explain the legitimacy of national laws in other countries.
The analysis of the present features activities of leading transnational corporations allows us to single out the following main trends in the current stage of their development:
1. The expansion of the economic, political and social dimensions of the functioning of modern multinationals.
2. In the specifics of the activities of TNCs, the main classical trends associated with the desire of TNCs to concentrate and centralize capital are preserved.
3. A new strategic goal appears - profit growth, which gradually replaces the previous strategy - cost reduction in the policy of multinational companies of the latest generation.
4. There is an increase in the number of corporations seeking to reorient their activities to the service sector.
5. The main area ofTNCs activityhas been associated with the creation and use of high technologies, and at present, above all, new information technologies.
In general, the activities of foreign assets of Russian companies are still characterized by low efficiency and weak feedback from the national economy. Domestic corporations are still significantly behind the world's largest TNCs in terms of capitalization and turnover, as well as in the scale of international activity, although the general growth rate in the second half of the past decade was higher.
References / Список литературы
1. Desyatnichenko D.Yu., Fedorkov A.I. Analysis of the activities of EU TNCs in the context of globalization of the world economy, 2017. P. 18-26.
2. Progunova L.V. EU and US economic relations: the role of multinational corporations // Almanac of world science, 2017. P. 124-127.
3. Desyatnichenko D.Yu., Desyatnichenko O.Yu. Factors and conditions for transatlantic integration: economics, politics, culture, 2018. P. 7-16.
