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THERAPEUTIC MUDS AS BIORESOURCES OF ALTAI KRAI
Altai State Medical University, Barnaul Center of medico-biological research, Barnaul
O.G. Makarova, O.N. Mazko, Yu.V. Golubenko, A.V. Latertseva
As a result of the conducted studies, it is proved that the therapeutic mud of Altai Krai in terms of organoleptic and physicochemical parameters fully meets the requirements of normative documentation and can be used in pelo-therapeutic practice.
Key words: therapeutic mud, therapeutic and prophylactic agents, irritating effect.
Mud therapy problems have always been relevant, both in the era of their initial application, and especially in recent times, due to the wide possibilities of modern research methods. The reason for the inexhaustible interest in curative mud is their high efficiency in many diseases and the constantly opening new possibilities of use. It would seem that the properties of therapeutic mud for many decades of application are thoroughly studied, its physical and chemical properties and biological effect are known. However, being a living, constantly regenerating biosystem, therapeutic mud opens up new opportunities for use. At present, a large number of mud deposits have been studied and used in Russia. Lakes of Altai Krai in the majority contain silt sulphide muds of various mineralization, the most widespread are highly mineralized muds with salinity of 35-150g/l [1,2].
The purpose of this work is to study the possibility of using mud in Altai Krai to create therapeutic and prophylactic means.
Materials and methods
The object of study was mud from two saline lakes of Altai Krai: Gorkoye Lake (Zavyalovsky District) and Gorkoye Lake (Yegoryevsky District).
The study of organoleptic properties and phys-icochemical parameters (humidity, pH, weediness, dry residue of the aqueous phase) was carried out according to the Methodical Instructions No. 1011/40 of 11.03.87 "Criteria for assessing the quality of therapeutic mud in their exploration, use and protection" .
Determination of water-soluble forms of inorganic anions and cations in therapeutic muds was performed by capillary electrophoresis using the Kapel-105M system. The test samples were dried and the mass of the air-dry sample was counted for the mass of the absolutely dry sample, while determining the mass fraction of hygroscopic moisture in the samples. Sample preparation consisted in the following: in a flat-bottomed conical flask with a capacity of 100 ml, 5.0 ± 0.1 g of air-dry samples were placed, 25 ml of purified water were added. The samples were mixed, capped and shaken for 30 minutes on a stirring device.
Immediately after shaking, approximately 10 ml of the obtained aqueous extract was centrifuged at 5000 r/min within 5 minutes. The aqueous extract was then filtered through a membrane filter (0.2 |jm pore size), while discarding the first 0.5 ml of the filtrate and then centrifuging again at 5000 r/ min within 5 minutes. Separation conditions: background electrolyte in the determination of cations - benzimidazole (BIA), tartaric acid, 18-crown-6, chromate for anions, with additions of diethanol-amine (DEA) and hexadecyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (CTA-OH) 0.01 mol/l; capillary - Leff/ Ltot = 50/60 cm, ID = 75 ^m; input samples for anions - 150 mbar * s, for cations - 300 mbar * s; voltage for cations +25 kV, for anions -25 kV; detection for cations at 267 nm, for anions - 374 nm.
The study of the irritating effect was carried out in the winter-spring period in 30 certified animals of both sexes weighing 200 to 220 g (rats of the Wistar line), provided by the Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the SB RAS. Animals were in standard conditions of detention under natural light conditions, with free access to water and food. The experiments were carried out in accordance with the "Rules of Laboratory Practice in the Russian Federation" (Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 708n of August 23, 2010). Laboratory animals were divided into three groups (two experiment and one control). In experimental groups on the lateral part of the body, there were applied gauze tampons moistened with an aqueous extract, and in the control group of animals, there were applied tampons moistened with purified water. The duration of exposure in the test and control was 30 minutes. Observations were carried out for three weeks. Criteria for assessing changes were redness, swelling, rash and other manifestations of the reaction of stimulation [4].
The statistical processing of physicochemical parameters (P = 95%) was carried out using the Student's test with the calculation of the boundary values of the confidence interval of the mean result and the determination of the relative error of the mean for different values of n (the number of results) according to the standard formulas of the GF XIII ed. using Microsoft Excel [3].
Results and discussion
According to the organoleptic properties, the therapeutic mud of Lake Gorkoe of Za-vyalovsky District is a viscoplastic homogeneous mass, soft to the touch, greasy, brownish green with a strong smell of hydrogen sulfide. The therapeutic mud of Lake Gorkoye of Yegoryevsky District is a visco-plastic oily, homogeneous mass,
soft to the touch, greasy, black-brown, also with a strong hydrogen sulphide smell.
The results of the study of the physico-chemical indices of therapeutic mud are presented in Table 1 and meet the requirements of the normative documentation.
Determination of water-soluble forms of inorganic anions and cations in therapeutic muds was performed by capillary electrophoresis (Table 2).
Lake, district
Indices Humidity, % pH of mud
Weediness, %
Dry residue of the aqueous phase, %
Physico-chemical indices of therapeutic mud
Lake Gorkoe of Zavyalovsky District
67,7±1,9 7,0±0,2 1,10±0,04
12,5±0,9
Lake Gorkoye of Yegor-yevsky District
69,8±2,1 8,0±0,3 1,80±0,06
15,6±1,1
Table 1
Normative document requirements
25-75 %
7,0-9,0
not more than 3%
Cation- anionic composition of therapeutic mud lauie z.
Cations, mg/kg
Name Potassium Sodium Magnesium Calcium
Lake Gorkoe of Zavyalovsky District 127,3±8,3 6534,1±10,8 193,2±7,4 144,5±6,8
Lake Gorkoye of Yegoryevsky District 31,9±2,7 957,8±9,2 23,7±1,9 119,8±6,6
Anions, mg/kg
Name Sulphates Chlorides
Lake Gorkoe of Zavyalovsky District 982,3±9,7 109,5±5,2
Lake Gorkoye of Yegoryevsky District 725,4±8,9 81,2±4,1
The chemical composition of the investigated mud, as can be seen from Table 2, is represented by the basic macrocomponents: from cations it is sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium; from anions - sulphate and chloride.
As is known, the main principle of obtaining peloid preparations is the isolation of biologically active compounds from therapeutic mud by extraction. Therefore, it became necessary to obtain an aqueous extract from the mud-silt mass of the lakes of the Zavyalovsky and Yegoryevsky districts.
The preparation process consisted of the following stages: mud-silt mass was mixed with water purified in a ratio of 1:2 with continuous mechanical stirring and heating to 45 °C. The extraction time was 10 hours. The resulting mixture was then centrifuged for 20 minutes at 5000 rpm. Then, after separating the liquid phase of the mud, the same amount of purified water was added to the solid phase, and secondary extraction was carried out for 6 hours at the same temperature. The first and second extracts were combined and filtered [5]. The preparation obtained in this way in a mac-
rochemical basis is an analog of the activated mud solution, that is, the same therapeutic substrate when it comes into contact with the patient's body surface, during mud treatment procedures. Such aqueous extracts are a clear, slightly opalescent liquid. Their chemical composition in comparison with native mud solution is presented in Table 3.
It is known that alkali metal ions make up the bulk of cations. All sodium salts have a high solubility in water. Most of the sodium ions in the preparations are equilibrated with sulfate ions, the smaller part migrates in the form of chlorides. In comparison with sodium, potassium ions are contained in a small amount, which is due to the high degree of their biological activity. Potassium is extracted from solutions by animals and plant organisms. Calcium and magnesium are similar in their chemical properties, but the weakly expressed activity of magnesium causes its small concentrations in the preparations [5].
Since the obtained aqueous extracts refer to medicinal forms for external use in the form of compresses, lotions and washes, it was expe-
dient to determine the irritant effect of the preparations obtained. In the course of the experiment, no changes in the skin were detected in both test
Conclusion
The results of the conducted studies confirm that the therapeutic muds of Altai Krai in terms of organoleptic and physicochemical parameters correspond to the requirements and are a promising source for obtaining therapeutic and prophylactic means.
References
1. Kazantseva A.S., Mazko O.N. The study of the physicochemical parameters of the therapeutic mud of lake Karatal and lake Gorkoye. Actual problems of pharmacology and pharmacy. Barnaul; 2016; 11: 78-80.
2. Magalyas O.L. Features of the distribution of mineral groundwater and deposits of therapeutic mud in Altai Krai. Geography and Nature Management of Siberia. Barnaul; 2007; 9: 113-124.
3. Rebrova O.Yu. Statistical analysis of medical data. Application of the Statistica software package. Moscow: MediaSphera; 2002: 312.
4. Khabriev R.U., ed. Manual on experimental (preclinical) study of new pharmacological substances. 2nd ed. Moscow: 2005.
5. Stupnikova N.A. Preparations of therapeutic mud. Bulletin of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2006; 5: 95-100.
groups compared to the control. Thus, it was found that there is no irritating effect in aqueous extracts of the therapeutic mud being studied.
Contacts:
Corresponding author: Makarova Olesya Gennad-yevna, Candidate of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Senior Scientific Researcher of the Biomedical Laboratory of the Center of medico-biological research of ASMU, Barnaul. Tel.: (3852) 669927. E-mail: [email protected]
Mazko Olesya Nikolayevna, Candidate of Biological Sciences, Senior Scientific Researcher of the Biomedical Laboratory of the Center of medico-biological research of ASMU, Barnaul. Tel.: (3852) 669927. E-mail: [email protected]
Golubenko Julia Vladimirovna, 4th year student of the pharmaceutical faculty of group 451 of the Altai State Medical University, Barnaul. Tel.: (3852) 669927. E-mail: [email protected]
Latertsova Anastasia Viktorovna, 4th year student of the pharmaceutical faculty of group 451 of the Altai State Medical University, Barnaul. Tel.: (3852) 669927. E-mail: [email protected]
Table 3
Comparative cation-anionic composition of aqueous extracts and native mud solution
aqueous extract native mud solution
Index Lake Gorkoe of Zavyalovsky District Lake Gorkoye of Yegoryevsky District Lake Gorkoe of Zavyalovsky District Lake Gorkoye of Yegoryevsky District
Cations, mg/kg
Potassium 109,3±6,1 26,9±1,8 127,3±8,3 31,9±2,7
Sodium 6428,1±9,3 932,1±8,6 6534,1±10,8 957,8±9,2
Magnesium 175,2±6,7 19,2±1,2 193,2±7,4 23,7±1,9
Calcium 129,7±5,1 101,5±4,7 144,5±6,8 119,8±6,6
Anions, mg/kg
Sulphates 965,8±8,3 701,2±7,3 982,3±9,7 725,4±8,9
Chlorides 98,6±4,5 71,2±3,6 109,5±5,2 81,2±4,1
