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6THERAPEUTIC MODEL AN EFFECTIVE TREATMENT TO DECREASING DISSOCIATIVE EXPERIENCES CAUSED BY TRAUMATIC EVENTS IN ADULT WITH STUTTERING DISORDER
Dr. Taghizadeh (Iran, Tehran, Mind Enabling center) mec.it.director@gmail.com
Abstract. Stuttering can begin with the experience of traumatic event and the stress it causes. Mind simulation model is one of the promising treatments for stuttering and its associated problems.This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of mind simulation model on decreasing dissociative experiences caused by traumatic events in adult with stuttering disor-der.This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test/ post-test design and a control group. The study population included all stutterers who referred to the mind enabling center in 20202021. Among them, the number of 30 stuttering 18- 45 years old men who had experienced a traumatic event were selected through available sampling method and put randomly into the experimental and control groups. After measuring basic levels of dissociative experiences of all participants using dissociative experiences scale (Bernstein, 1993), the experimental group received mind simulation therapy, while the control group received no intervention. Finally, both groups completed the post-test. Results of MANCOVA analysis showed that mind simulation model could significantly reduce dissociative experiences (including dissociative amne-sia,depersonalization/decreolization, and absorption/imaginative) (p<0.01) in participants who's their stuttering were caused by experiencing traumatic events compared to the control group.Given these findings, it can be claimed that the use of this new method can help the clients in the effective treatment of stuttering and its associated problems by mind enabling of the patients.
Keywords: Dissociative Experiences, Mind Simulation Model, Stuttering, Traumatic Events, Therapeutic Model of Dr. Taghizadeh.
МОДЕЛЬ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ДЛЯ УМЕНЬШЕНИЯ
ПЕРЕЖИВАНИИ ОТ СОБЫТИЙ, ВЫЗВАННЫХ ЗАИКАНИЕМ У ВЗРОСЛЫХ
Д-р Тагизаде М.Э. (Иран, Тегеран, Центрпсихических возможностей)
mec.it.director@gmail.com
Аннотация. Заикание может начаться после переживания травмирующих событий и связанного с этим стресса и может иметь дезинтегрирующие симптомы. Одним из наиболее многообещающих методов лечения заикания и связанных с ним проблем является имитационная модель разума. Было проведено квазиэкспериментальное исследование с дизайном до и после тестирования и контрольной группой. В исследуемую популяцию были включены все люди с заиканием, обратившиеся в клинику по расширению психических возможностей в 2021 году: 30 мужчин 18-45 лет экспериментальная (лечебная) и контрольная группа. После оценки исходного уровня анализа опыта всех субъектов с использованием метода Беренстейн и др. (1993) с людьми из контрольной группы работа не проводились. После занятий с экспериментальной группой степень аналитического опыта всех испытуемых была повторно измерена. Результаты анализа Маньковой показали, что имитационная модель разума по сравнению с контрольной группой была эффективна в снижении диссоциативных переживаний (диссоциативная забывчивость, самоотключение/ отключение от реальности и воображение/ поглощенность) людей с заиканием, которые пережили травматические переживания. события в их жизни (П <0/001). Следовательно, можно признать, что использование нового метода может помочь клиентам в эффектив-
ном и действенном лечении заикания и связанных с ним проблем, расширяя умственные возможности пациентов.
Ключевые слова: аналитический опыт, травматические события, заикание, имитационная модель разума доктора Тагизаде. Introduction.
Language is the most effective tool for communication and in fact is highest common social behavior (Dr. Taghizadeh 2021). Stuttering is a disorder in human speech mechanism that is created due to several factors and gradually improves from mild level to severe level. The entire cognitive and behavioral mechanisms of human including: Language are formed up to 10 years old and mainly stuttering is created during childhood i.e. when the correct record of speech is not completely established and an event like: Shock, fear or any other events may have negative influence on speech. Moreover, due to incomplete growth of mind and speech mechanism in some children, the bad speech habits, repetition, communication with stuttering people may cause stuttering in child (Dr. Taghizadeh 2016). Thus, it is claimed that stuttering is created before age of 12 years old and the climax of stuttering is between 2 to 3.5 years old and 5 to 7 years old (Dr. Taghizadeh, Yarelahi and Bahrami 2018). On the other hand, some researches have shown the relationship between stuttering and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and claim that stuttering may cause due to traumatic events, fear and stress (Henny-Annie Bijleveld 2015, Hashe-mian Moghadam and et al 2016). Methodology.
This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test/ post-test design and a control group. The study population included all stutterers who referred to the mind enabling center in 20202021 in Tehran. Through available sampling method and selecting 15 persons for experimental plan (Delavar 2012) total number of 30 persons referred to mind enabling center with diagnosis of mild to severe stuttering upon considering criterions for entering into research and asking their satisfaction were randomly divided into experimental group (therapy) and control group (each group consisted of 15 persons). It is to be noted that the criterions for entering and leaving group were as follows:
A) Entrance Criterions:
- Male aged 18-45 years old by having mild to severe stuttering (with mental reason)
- Lack of having traumatic and dissociative experiences
- Having minimum required talent for performing practices and skills
- Lack of having significant disorder for oral comprehension
- Lack of having Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), mental disorder or cerebral palsy (CP) except stuttering
B) Leaving Criterions:
- Very mild stuttering or having experience of physical stuttering
- Male or female out of age range of 18-45 years old
- Lack of having traumatic and dissociative experiences
- Lack of having mental retardation or lack of having required consciousness
- Lack of having significant disorder for oral comprehension
- Lack of having Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), dissociative experiences, neurologic disorders except stuttering
Tools. In this research it is benefit from following tools for data collection:
A) Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES-II): This questionnaire consists of 28 questions about daily life experiences that were designed by Bernstein and et al (1993) and level of Cronbach's alpha is 0.93
B) Therapy protocol (Mind simulation method originated from therapy-educational packaging of stuttering designed by Dr. Taghizadeh)
Findings.
Table 1: Average and standard deviation for research variables in experimental and control group before and after intervention
Group Test Variable Average Standard Deviation
Experimental Group Pre-test Dissociative amnesia 3.28 0.62
Depersonalization/decreoli zation 3 0.63
Absorption/imaginative 3.31 0.72
Post-test Dissociative amnesia 2.05 0.27
Depersonalization/decreoli zation 1.73 0.51
Absorption/imaginative 1.95 0.43
Control Group Pre-test Dissociative amnesia 3.80 0.55
Depersonalization/decreoli zation 2.89 0.73
Absorption/imaginative 3.89 0.97
Post-test Dissociative amnesia 3.42 0.41
Depersonalization/decreoli zation 3.07 0.52
Absorption/imaginative 3.49 0.74
Table 2: Results of Multivariable Analyze of Covariance (MANCOVA) for effect of mind simulation model designed by Dr. Taghizadeh on dissociative experiences of people with traumatic event stuttering
Variable/ Index Reference of Changes Sum of Square Degree of Freedom Average Square F SigLevel
Dissociative experiences Dissociative amnesia Group 15.88 1 15.88 220.51 0.0001
Error 1.94 27 0.07
Depersonalization/ decreolization Group 158.45 1 458.45 190.27 0.001
Error 8.96 27 0.34
Absorption/im aginative Group 5.94 1 5.94 160.56 0.0001
Error 6.04 27 0.22
According to aforesaid table, after control the effectiveness of pre-tests by using MANCOVA method between therapy and control group in the post-test level in micro scale grade of Dissociative experiences including: Dissociative amnesia, depersonalization/decreolization, and absorption/imaginative have significant difference. According to average grade (table 2) it is shown that applying mind simulation method in comparison to control group significantly reduces the level of Dissociative amnesia, depersonalization/decreolization, and absorption/imaginative (P<0.0001, P<0.001, P<0.0001 respectively)
Conclusion. One of the most modern and encouraging methods for effective and irrevocable therapy of stuttering is the mind simulation method designed by Dr. Taghizadeh. In fact, mind simulation means simulation of information in mind and turning them into material and physical information; in which, by using this modern knowledge it is possible to obtain more information in mind and most of the times to create quick changes in mind. According to the re-
sults of current research and other similar researches in relation to effectiveness of mind simulation method on stuttering disorder, it is claimed that this modern method through creating complicated environment, improving mental creativity and mind enabling of stuttering people, is able to offer effective and irrevocable therapy method for stuttering and associated problems (Dissociative experiences in persons with traumatic event) in adults.
References
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