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DOI:i0.i4526/2070-4798-202i-i6-2-ii3-i2i
Theoretical and practical aspects of traditional games as a pedagogical means of physical potential formation in students
LiliyaF. Ismagilova'*, Ilsiyar Sh. Mutaeva', ZinaidaM. Kuznetsova2
Yelabuga Institute (branch) of Kazan (Volga region) Federal University
Yelabuga, Russia ORCID:oooo-ooo3- 0392-0534 Nastia2014ism@yandex.ru* ORCID0000-0002-9387-7033, mutaeva-i@mail.ru 2Naberezhnye Chelny branch of University of Management "TISBI", Naberezhnye Chelny, Russia ORCID: 0000-0002-5558-474X, kzm diss@mail.ru
Abstract: The article is about theoretical and practical aspects of using traditional games as a pedagogical means of physical potential formation in students of higher educational establishments. During the work we analyzed traditional outdoor games and their influence on physical potential formation in students of higher educational establishments. Materials. The results received after scientific-methodical sources and special literature analysis concerning the questions of traditional games realization in the system of students' physical upbringing; the results of a questionnaire survey among the students of foreign languages faculty of Yelabuga Institute of Kazan Federal University, Russia. Research methods. We analyzed scientific-methodical literature and systematized the received by the authors' results. There was preparation for the criteria creation of students' motivation level determination for a healthy life style by means of traditional games. Results. We offered a logic scheme of traditional games classification taking into account their influence on physical qualities. We presented a block-scheme of the criteria of positive motivation formation for a healthy life style. Conclusion. The carried out research works form the stage of searching for the ideas for further research works. We define the necessity to realize traditional games in physical educatiom of students as the condition of the following mindsets: traditional games introduction into life style; health significance formation; the principles of nature-congruity realization; ethnic traditions; maximal inclusion of regulatory mechanisms therapy; high level of communication. Keywords: higher educational establishment, students, traditional games, physical education, physical potential.
For citation: Liliya F. Ismagilova, Ilsiyar Sh. Mutaeva, Zinaida M. Kuznetsova. Theoretical and practical aspects of traditional games as a pedagogical means of physical potential formation in students. Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2021; 16(2): 93-100. DOI:10.14526/2070-4798-2021-16-2-113-121
INTRODUCTION
One of the main objectives of physical education in students of higher educational establishments is their physical qualities development (strength, endurance, speed, flexibility and coordination) [1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]. However, the level of physical fitness decrease among students of higher educational establishments was discussed in many works. N.P. Gorbunov (2005), G.A. Gavronina (2006) underline the level of students with health problems increase and mention inefficiency of the lessons during differently directed physical exercises and game complexes realization [4,5].
The same situation was in Transdniestria State University named after T.G. Shevchenko,
where in accordance with the obligatory test in the dynamics from the 1st till the 5th courses the level of physical fitness decreased in the average by 5% among boys and 6% among girls. Nowadays traditional games are used as an effective means of physical potential formation in students [1,3,11,12]. Many higher educational establishments pay attention to the necessity to structure the level of students' health formation from the 1st till the 5th courses as the condition of physical and mental working capacity increase [6, p. 101-108].
Tatar traditional games at physical education lessons can realize physical culture-educational problems, including the objectives directed toward physical qualities development in
students of higher educational establishments.
Nowadays sports competitions directed toward culture-historical experience of the nation realization are especially popular. Festivals and holidays are actively held. These holidays are based on sports competitions and games in national traditions. On the territory of Tatarstan the most popular festivity is Sabantuy. The program of this festivity includes a lot of different competition. They demand different levels of fitness.
Outdoor traditional games use during lessons and extracurricular activity can solve the following problems: physical fitness development and involvement into national traditions, it means students' culture of awareness formation.
As A.M. Gorkiy said: "Game is the way children study the world in which they live and which they are encouraged to change". With society development the role of the game in society changes. Games reflect the traditions of nationalities, their manner of behavior, life style [11,12].
One of the main problems is time reduction, which is paid to games at higher educational establishments. One more important problem is the prestige of traditional games decrease. Traditional games lose their unique character. It is demonstrated in traditional terminology, symbolism, special objects for a game and etc.. These elements form unique character of traditional games.
Another important problem is the problem of traditional games revival as the unit of physical upbringing in students in terms of "Physical culture" educational discipline.
The aim of the research is theoretical and practical aspects study, which are connected with traditional games application as the means of physical potential formation in the students of higher educational establishments.
Objectives of the research:
1. To study the opinion of specialists concerning the questions of traditional games means realization as the condition for physical potential formation.
2. To determine the significance of traditional games in the system of a healthy life style formation.
3. To organize a questionnaire survey among students of foreign languages faculty of Yelabuga Institute of Kazan Federal University.
4. To form a logic scheme of ftraditional games classification according to the direction of influence on students' physical potential.
Materials and methods
We analyzed about 200 traditional games. We analyzed scientific-methodical and special literature concerning the questions of traditional games realization in the system of students' physical education. There was preparation for the criteria creation of students' motivation level determination for a healthy life style by means of traditional games. We formed traditional games file and revealed the attitude of foreign languages faculty students at Yelabuga Institute of Kazan Federal University to traditional games means use at physical education lessons. Russian speaking students (n=22) and foreign students (n=25) went through the questionnaire survey.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
During scientific-methodical sources analysis we mentioned that outdoor traditional games use during elective physical education lessons helps to solve a lot of upbringing, health-improving and educational problems. During play activity students would be able to develop their physical qualities effectively, and also study the culture of own nation and its traditions.
Many specialists-practitioners studied the questions of traditional games influence on physical abilities. M. Grigorev defined the range of games, which are directed toward the definite qualities development.
Fig. 1 presents the direction of traditional games influence, where central place is given to physical qualities development. We define the significance of traditional games in a healthy life style formation.
Fig. 1. Traditional games, directed toward the definite
We revealed the following structural components, which underline the peculiarities of traditional outdoor games:
1) labor activity elements presence in
traditional games; collectivism formation; creative abilities development; leadership potential formation; physical qualities development and etc..
All traditional games have centuries-old history. They include traditions of the nation, directed toward physically fit, curious and cheerful
qualities development
person upbringing. That is why traditional games can be divided into outdoor, cognitive, role and ritual ones.
Fig. 2 presents traditional games division into 4 big blocks for logic scheme of games classification creation. It would help to divide them according to orientation, significance and content. The presented scheme proves the necessity to create the file of traditional games classification not only according to the content, but also according to evolutional features.
Each kind of traditional games can be considered according to the direction of influence on people and it is possible to define the main objectives. They are realized with traditional games introduction at physical education lessons:
1. Physical health improvement and high sickness rate in students prevention.
2. Students' interest intraditional art formation.
3. Students' significant knowledge, abilities and skills formation in the sphere of physical education.
4. Students' motivation formation to realize everyday physical culture and sports activity.
5. Physical qualities improvement during play activity.
6. Students' communicative skills formation.
7. Preparing students for successful RLD (ready for labor and defense) complex norms fulfillment.
8. Students' positive psychological state formation.
9. The risk of dangerous for health diseases prediction.
The set objectives realization would provide students' physical health complex development.
Each objective helps to estimate the separate health indices and define the reserves of an organism for their further development.
During traditional games selection it is necessary to take into account some components, which would be the leading ones. It is necessary to have the notion of the result, which should be achieved at the end of the lesson.
Traditional outdoor game selection depends on the following factors:
- the objectives, which should be realized during play activity;
- age-related characteristics of people, who
play;
- students' health state;
- physical fitness level;
- climatic conditions;
- territorial and national traditions of students.
An important role for physical health state stabilization plays physical, psychic and social health preservation, stress resistance owing to physical culture and sport means use.
Fig. 3 presents a logic scheme of the positive motivation formation criteria in students for healthy life style, where all kinds of health are included [4, 6].
At the level of physical health: desire far physical ideal, attitude to own health, a rational day regimen realization,
Criteria of positive motivation formation for a healthy life
style
At the level of psychic health: correspondence with cognitive activity, self-regulation, an adequate self-evaluation formation.
At the level of spiritual health: correspondence of general human and national moral-spiritual values.
At the level of social health: students' notion of the consequences of not healthy life style, ability to realize self-regulation and self-upbringing should be formed,
Fig. 3. Block-scheme of the positive motivation formation criteria for a healthy life style
Tatar traditional outdoor games include national culture. They present physical, moral, labor and aesthetic upbringing means among young people. Tatar traditional games have competitive character, that is why they are used in the programs of different level festivals.
On the basis of the studied information sources, having analyzed physical education curriculum using observation method and the method of survey among teachers and students, having analyzed Tatar ftraditional games file we created an experimental program of Tatar traditional games use at physical education lessons at higher educational establishments. At the first stage of our research we analyzed the content of Tatar traditional games, which would be used in the experimental program. Tatar traditional games were classified taking into account physical qualities
they influence and develop [5].
Fig. 4 presents traditional outdoor games classification taking into account physical qualities they influence and develop. This was the first stage of our work in traditional games classification, taking into account the features of their influence on physical abilities of students. This classification would be broadened and added not only with the help of traditional games, but also owing to the content and methodical conditions of their realization in the system of students' physical upbringing. For more effective use of traditional games at elective physical education lessons of students at higher educational establishments we offered to classify them not only taking into account physical qualities they influence, but also physical qualities they develop. We also classified the games according to fulfilled by students' intensity and volume during the game.
Fig. 4. Traditional outdoor games classification taking into account physical qualities they influence and help to develop
Tatar traditional games can be divided into the following categories:
1. Low intensity Tatar traditional games -traditional games of this kind can be used during the preparatory and final parts of the lesson. For example, Correctional games: "Comrades commanders" (Tovarishchi komandiry), 'Two signals" (Dva signala), "Musical snake" (Muzykalnaya zmeyka).
2. Average intensity Tatar traditional games -traditional games of this kind can be used during the main part of the lesson taking into account the objectives that should be realized during the lesson. For example, games with the elements of running: "White bears", "Over hillocks and stumps", "Towards own flags".
3. High intensity Tatar traditional games -traditional games of this kind can be used during the main part of the lesson taking into account the definite objective, which should be realized during the lesson. For example, "Attack" - this game is directed toward the technique of low and high start development.
On the basis of the traditional outdoor
games:
1. Ethnographic orientation.
2. Methodical orientation.
For ethnographic orientation it is typical to describe a traditional game taking into account roles analysis, which exists in a traditional game; taking into account age-related and gender peculiarities of students and social-cultural meanings of a traditional game analysis. One of vivid examples can be "traditional amusements" description. For example, the description of the game "Kuma" accompanied by ethnographic comments (by I.P. Sakharov). Exactly the provinces, where this game was held and with which festivities it was connected [7].
The distinctive feature of this direction is involvement into national traditions, which help to form ethnocultural identity. During such kinds of games students are attached to national traditions and their values mastering.
For methodical direction it is typical to introduce traditional outdoor games into pedagogical practice. Traditional games are used
at physical culture lessons. Nowadays great work is fulfilled in order to introduce traditional outdoor games into the program of physical education from pre-school children to students. One of the vivid examples is the work by N.V. Anushkevich and I.S. Nikolaev, where necessary demands are shown, imposed on a teaching staff during traditional outdoor games use at the lessons [2].
At physical education lessontraditional games can be used in physical education of students. They would have a positive influence on the level of physical qualities development, on emotional state of students. By means of traditional games we can strengthen and develop students' physical health at higher educational establishments. For pedagogical substantiation of our suppositions we organized a questionnaire survey among students of foreign languages faculty.
The held questionnaire survey helped to define the attitude of students to traditional games means realization.
Answering the question "What is your attitude to traditional games inclusion into educational process?" 55% of Russian-speaking students gave a positive answer, 15% abstained and 30% of students underlined the necessity to include ftraditional games after their thorough study in order to achieve effectiveness. Foreign students gave the following answers: 67% of students answered: "Yes, it is necessary to include traditional games into educational process", 33% of students abstained and said they didn't know the traditions and the content of the games. It means that in order to realize traditional games means at physical education lessons it is necessary to define the content of this module.
Answering the question "Which traditional games do you know?" Russian-speaking students could enumerate about 10 games. 12% of foreign students were able to name only the games included into the program of national festivity Sabantuy. Other 88% of foreign students couldn't name any Tatar national games, but they perfectly know their national games. Such situation helped us to create the content of "Traditional games" module for higher educational establishment students.
CONCLUSION
Theoretical aspect and potential of traditional outdoor games can be realized and substantiated by means of getting acquainted with the traditions of the nation, its cultural values.
Tatar traditional games use at physical education lessons can have a positive influence on the level of lessons attendance by students and would provide strength, flexibility, quickness and endurance control tests indices increase among students. Traditional games are the factor of general basis of health formation among students.
The carried out research form the stage of searching for further research works ideas. We define the necessity to realize traditional games in physical education of students as the condition of the following mindsets: traditional games introduction into life style; health significance formation; the principles of nature-congruity realization; ethnic traditions; maximal inclusion of regulatory mechanisms therapy; high level of communication.
The presented research work shows the prospect of further Tatar traditional games effectiveness study in the program of physical education in students of higher educational establishment.
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Submitted: 20.05.2021 Author's information:
Liliya F. Ismagilova - Assistant Lecturer, Yelabuga Institute (branch) of Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, 423600, Russia, Yelabuga, Kazanskaya str., House 89, e-mail: Nastia2014ism@yandex.ru Ilsiyar Sh. Mutaeva - Candidate of Biological Sciences, Professor, Yelabuga Institute (branch) of Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, 423600, Russia, Yelabuga, Kazanskaya str., House 89, e-mail: mutaeva-i@mail.ru
Zinaida M. Kuznetsova - Doctor of Pedagogics, Professor, Naberezhnye Chelny branch of University of Management "TISBI", 423806, Russia, Naberezhnye Chelny, Komsomolskaya naberezhnaya str., House 6, e-mail: kzm diss@mail.ru
