CC BY
4
ОСНОВНОЙ РАЗДЕЛ
UDC 81-13
Aripova Nasiba teacher
Tashkent Architecture and Construction Institute
Uzbekistan, Tashkent city THE USE OF THE INTERACTIVE METHODS AND TECHNIQUES DURING THE ENGLISH LESSON
Annotation: The article deals with the essential characteristics of the interactive education. The authors describe the possible ways of using the several innovative interactive techniques while teaching a lesson.
Keywords: Modern methods and techniques, innovation, English lesson.
At the present stage of development of the national methodical thought the main structural unit of the educational process in a foreign language-occupation is considered as "a complex act of communication, the main purpose and content of which is the practice in solving problems of interaction between the subjects of the pedagogical process, and the main way to achieve the goal and master the content are motivated communicative tasks of varying degrees of complexity" [1, p.146].
It is believed that communication in the process of learning a foreign language can be "one-sided" and "multilateral". In the first case it is meant the organization of educational process with prevalence of frontal forms of work when the teacher asks the pupil to speech activity-the pupil answers. As for the "multilateral" communication, it is a typical form of work are group and collective, in which each student has the opportunity to Express themselves as an independent and full member of a certainactivities [3, p. 117].
It is in the organization of "multilateral" communication in a foreign language lesson is the interaction of all participants in the educational process, creating opportunities for the disclosure of the personal potential of each student. In the practical methodology today has accumulated considerable experience in the organization of speech interaction in a foreign language lesson. According to R.P.Milrud, mutual Express-polls and interviews in the training group, information exchange, search for a couple, group decision-making, coordination of joint actions, discussion "by the rules" and other tasks allow to teach owls to practically use a foreign language. [4, p. 9]. As both our own experience of foreign language teaching and experience of many teachers, to organize verbal interaction in the classroomit is not always possible using traditional methods and forms of work. The main methodological innovations today are associated with the use of interactive methods and methods of teaching a foreign language.
Interactive method-methods that allow learning to interact with each other; and interactive learning-learning, built on the interaction of all students, including the teacher. However, in the latter case, changing the nature of the interaction: the
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activity of the teacher gives way to the activity of trains. As noted in their writings, the meat-Eater, Suvorov, the essence of interactive learning is the special organization of the educational process, when all students are involved in the process of learning. Joint activity students in the process of development of educational material means that everyone makes a special individual contribution, there is an exchange of knowledge, ideas, ways of activity. Rover, this happens in an atmosphere of goodwill and mutual support that allows not only to gain new knowledge, but also translates cognitive activity into higher forms of cooperation and cooperation.
The purpose of using interactive methods and techniques in teaching foreign languages is the social interaction of students, interpersonal communication, the most important feature of which is the ability of a person to" take the role of another", to imagine how he is perceived by a partner in communication, to interpret the situation and to construct his own actions [1, p.5].83].
As part of a foreign language lesson, teachers use the following interactive methods andtechniques: - work in small groups, in pairs, rotary threes, "two, four, together"; - carousel method / "ideological" carousel; - aquarium; - "brainstorming"; - "openwork saw"; - Brownian motion; -"the decision tree"; - compiling a mental (intellectual) maps; conference / discussion; - role playing / business game; - debate. This list can be supplemented, because each teacher is able to come up with and implement in the educational process effective techniques and methods of organizationspeech interaction of students in a foreign language lesson.
We reveal the essence of those interactive methods and techniques that are innovative in the practice of teaching foreign languages." Carousel" is an interactive method of work, during which two rings are formed: internal and external. The inner ring is formed by the students sitting motionless, and in the outer ring the students change every 30 seconds. Thus, they have time to talk for a few minutes a few topics and try to convince his innocence interlocutor. The use of this method makes it possible to effectively practice etiquette dialogues. Implementation of the reception "ideological carousel" involves the following algorithm:
1. Each member of the microgroup (4-5 people) is given a blank sheet of paper and everyone is asked the same question. Without a verbal exchange of views, all participants write down on their sheets of paper spontaneous language responses to it.
2. Sheets with records in the time deficit mode are transmitted in a circle clockwise to the neighbors in the microgroup. Upon receipt of a sheet of notes, each participant must make a new entry without repeating the existing ones. The work ends when each returns to his paper. At this stage, records are not analyzed or evaluated.
3.In microgroups there is a discussion of the answers, offers formulated by participants and allocation in the final list of the most important, actual of them.
4.Sharing the results of developments of micro-group. All small groupoffer in turn the formulations from the final list. If the language is not opposed by other groups, it is included in the final General list.
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The "Aquarium" reception is a "performance" where the audience acts as observers, experts, critics and analysts. Several students act out the situation in the circle, while the rest observe and analyze it. So, for example, studying in the topic " How do Teens Express Their Individuality?" you can offer "aquarium dialogue": the text of the dialogue can be any, for example, the conversation of representatives of several youth subcultures. The task of the actors is to convey the relevant features, features of a different subculture, and the task of the audience is to determine which subculture was presented by the speakers. The role can offer as a teacher myself, of course in secret from the audience, or the students themselves can choose the subculture whose views they share and want to submit.
The method of "brainstorming" is an operational method of solving the problem on the basis of stimulating creative activity. Participants in the discussion are invited to Express as many possible solutions, from the total number of ideas expressed are selected the most successful, which can be used in practice. Options for using this method in a foreign language lesson can be as follows:
1.Start the lesson with brainstorming as a voice charging -WarmingUp ("warming up") by asking students questions: What are you rassociations with ...? What do you associate with ...? What immediately comes into your mind when you hear ... ?
2.Invite students to relax, tune in to the topic of reflection, take a pen and write the thoughts that come into their head that particular topic /problem.
3.Brainstorming as an interactive method of group organization discussions at the pre-text stage. Using this technique involves a step-by-step implementation. Step 1-warm up (lasts 3 minutes). Over several lessons we study t he topic "Is It Easy To Be Young?". The teacher proposes to brainstorming with the participation of all the students of the group and to name as many ideas that they associate with this topic.
In conclusion, it should be noted that all interactive methods and techniques develop communication skills, help to establish emotional contacts between students, teach to work in a team, listen to the opinion of their comrades, establish closer contact between students and the teacher.
Practice shows that the use of interactive methods and techniques in a foreign language lesson relieves nervous tension in students, makes it possible to change the form of activity, switch attention to key issues topic of the lesson. In the end, the quality of presentation of the material and the effectiveness of its assimilation, and, consequently, the motivation to learn a foreign language from schoolchildren, significantly increases.
References:
1.Asimov, E. G., New dictionary of methodical terms and concepts (theory and practice of language teaching) [Text] : proc. manual / E. G. Azimov, A. N. Shukin. - Moscow : IKAR, 2009. -P.448.
2. Arian, M. A. the oriented approach to Teaching a foreign language in classes with a heterogeneous composition of students. - 2007.- P. 3-11.
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3. Galikova, N. D. Modern methods of foreign language teaching : a Handbook forteacher / N. D. Halskov. - Moscow: ARKTI, 2003. -P.192.
4. Milrud R.P. Modern methodological standard of teaching foreign languages at school- 1996. - P.5-12.
5. Фарходжонова Н. Ф. ПРОБЛЕМЫ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ИННОВАЦИОННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ В ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОМ ПРОЦЕССЕ НА МЕЖДУНАРОДНОМ УРОВНЕ //Инновационные тенденции, социально-экономические и правовые проблемы взаимодействия в международном пространстве. - 2016. - С. 58-61.
UDC 00456
Askarhajayeva K. U.
Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor Department
"Informatics and Management" National Institute of Art and Design Uzbekistan, Tashkent CULTURAL RELATION TO ECOLOGY
Annotation: This article discusses the problem of cultural relations with the environment. The causes of environmental problems and the methods of their optimal analysis are analyzed.
Keywords: ecology, culture, biosphere, science, nature
Аскархаджаева К. У. к.б.н. доцент кафедры «Информатики и менеджмента» Национальный Институт Художества и Дизайна
Узбекитан, Ташкент КУЛЬТУРНОЕ ОТНОШЕНИЕ К ЭКОЛОГИИ
Аннотация: В данной статье обсуждается проблема культурных связей с экологией. Анализируются причины возникновения экологических проблем и способы их оптимального анализа.
Ключевые слова: экология, культура, биосфера, наука, природа
At the end of the 20th century people's effect on the processes of the biosphere reached its own highest level. Today's young generation witnesses the occasions of local and municipal ecologic collapse. In this complicated phase, the scientific-theoretical, practical, educational and cultural significance of ecology is boosting rapidly. Assessing the state of environment, providing that necessary measures should be organized on time depends on how much the level of ecological knowledge has been developed.
As the nature is a unique habitat for a person, it provides all people with different food products, clothing, estate, water, fresh air, soil and a family of plants which produce oxygen. A person is born and lives in nature and uses all the benefits inside it. That's why, every person should be kind to the environment, should use all the benefits that suffice to his or her own needs, should prevent the environment
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