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THE USE OF INNOVATIVE METHODS AND TOOLS IN THE ORGANIZATION OF INDEPENDENT EDUCATION IN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AS A PEDAGOGICAL PROBLEM
Oynisa Rashidova
Master's student at the Pedagogical Department of the Uzbekistan-Finland
Pedagogical University. +998932616422, e-mail: aoynisa@gmail.com
It should also be said that at present, the main part of the educational process in higher educational institutions is allocated to independent education, and this is considered as the main indicator of the assessment of student knowledge. Therefore, this article is devoted to the topic of innovative methods and means of organizing the independent education process in higher education institutions. In this article, first of all, what is independent education, and then the forms and means of organizing independent education are described. Students' independent works are discussed separately according to their characteristics. The importance of independent education in the educational process is scientifically and practically based. Formed on the basis of existing materials on ways to organize independent education. It is known that many innovations have been made in independent education today, and modern, innovative methods and tools are being introduced to make it more useful for students. But despite this, the urgent issue of the present time in the higher education system is the proper organization of independent education and systematic work in its implementation, teaching students to work independently, creatively and socially active, socially - is to form a new generation of personnel who have the skills to find their place independently in political life. Therefore, in this article, the pedagogical problems of modern forms used in the organization of independent work of students, the low workload of independent education for students, the convenience of the task (that is, preparing a simple outline or summary in a manual notebook and preparing it by purchasing a ready-made one from computer services) problems are mentioned. Then, they will be tried to find ways to solve them using innovative methods and tools.
Key words: independent education, forms and types of independent education, shortcomings in modern independent education, innovative solutions to solve them,
ABSTRACT
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requirements that students should follow in the implementation of independent education.
INTRODUCTION
According to the current requirements, one of the most important tasks facing higher educational institutions is to train knowledgeable, intelligent and competitive specialists who can meet the world educational standards. In order to fulfill this task, the proper organization of independent education in the activities of students in higher education institutions is an important factor. Therefore, many opinions have been expressed about the systematic and proper organization of independent education in the higher education system. In this matter, Chapter 3 of the Concept of the Development of the Higher Education System of the Republic of Uzbekistan until 2030 entitled "Strategic Goals and Priority Areas of the Development of the Higher Education System" entitled "Expanding coverage with higher education, highly educated specialists" "Increasing the share of independent education hours, students' independent education, critical and creative thinking, systematic analysis" is mentioned in § 1, entitled "increasing the quality of training". ( The concept of development of the higher education system of the Republic of Uzbekistan until 2030 (2019).). In this paragraph, special attention is paid to the development of the necessary competencies of specialists, creative creativity, inquisitiveness, and logical thinking through continuous improvement of independent education and independent work skills of learners.
Taking into account the above, the proper organization of independent education in the activities of students today is an urgent issue of education. We can see the relevance of independent education from the following definition. "The student's independent work is a systematic activity aimed at mastering by the student a certain part of the knowledge, skills and qualifications indicated in the curriculum for a specific subject based on the advice and recommendations of the subject teacher outside the classroom." (Kurbanova B.N. (2023)
It is known that teaching students to work independently will help them to become mature specialists who can solve life problems not only in their specialty. In addition, if independent education is systematically and correctly organized, if sufficient conditions are created for the student to work independently, if the opportunity to use modern techniques and technologies is created, then the student's independent mastery of science is the fundamental basis of student learning. and can help the student's professional development, creative approach and intellectual development.
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During the academic year, lectures, practical and various laboratory classes are systematically conducted in higher educational institutions under the guidance of the teacher in order to increase the knowledge of students. In this process, students try to get the necessary level of knowledge from each lesson. But these activities cannot make future students sufficiently educated. Therefore, the role of independent education in the development of students as mature individuals is incomparable. Its systematic and correct organization depends on the level of professionalism of the higher education institution and subject teachers. Improper organization of independent education in students' activities can lead to poor development of creativity, ability to solve problems in any situation, free speech, and creativity.
Experiments and many observations show that only when a student works independently, he learns deeply and accurately, and they develop the ability to work independently and develop an interest in creative work. Therefore, one of the main tasks of the higher education institution is to create all the educational and methodological support necessary for the proper organization of the independent education process of my student. In addition, although independent education in the higher education system is organized through modern pedagogical technologies, we can clearly observe many problems in them:
a) Lack of systematic organization of independent education (Teacher gives students tasks prepared in the same form from the 1st to the 4th year, i.e. writing abstracts and summaries. As a result, the student remains an ordinary robot, and the student lacks creativity in general ability is disappearing. A student entering the first year does not have enough skills of independent study and independent work, and it is correct to give him the task of independent education in this form. However, 2-3-4 - the students of the course have developed a lot of skills and competences during these periods. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically organize their independent work from simple to complex).
b) The goal of forming creativity is not provided for in the independent education of students. That is, the lack of creativity in the student by doing the task given by the teacher. This problem is directly related to the science teacher. In order to solve this problem, the teacher should give students tasks that make them think, solve a certain problem, think critically, and compare information based on their level. Through this, the student increases his knowledge, gains self-confidence, and develops the ability to get out of any situation in the course of his future work.
c) Failure to apply the completed independent education in practice (verbal evaluation by the teacher and failure to test it in practice). As a result, the students' ability to speak freely is not formed, and the student cannot get rid of his excitement.
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Therefore, it is appropriate for teachers to evaluate independent education after testing it in practice.
d) The fact that independent education is not directed to a certain problem, that is, its individuality. As a result, the student considers independent education as a simple task. In order to solve this problem, the teacher should have a creative approach to the student's independent work, focus the topics of independent education on solving some problem, give him enough motivation to interest the student, and teach him how to find the necessary resources. In addition, the teacher must always manage independent work, not allow arbitrariness in their organization, establish a control system defined in the educational standard, and objectively help students at all stages of their studies. Through this, every student strives to learn independently, and they develop the skills of problem solving, critical thinking, and a responsible approach.
Literature analysis
According to B.N. Kurbanova, "Independent education is a type of learning from subjects in educational institutions, in which students consciously set one or other tasks and goals based on different educational methods based on a creative approach to themselves, z is determined by the ability to plan and implement activities and self-evaluation".( Kurbanova B.N. (2023)) It is clear from this definition that it is important that planning of independent education is based on a creative approach and that it is done consciously by the student. That is, creativity (lat., ing. "create" - creation, "creative" creator) means the creation of innovation by a person, as well as the creative ability that is part of talent as an independent factor. A person's creativity is reflected in his thinking, communication, feelings, and specific activities. Therefore, the concept of being creative is inextricably linked with independent learning activities, and this is one of the main goals of the process of independent learning.
According to O.A. Koysinov, "Setting the goal of independent education and its ability to acquire independent knowledge, independent work, creativity, practical application of acquired knowledge, self-control skills and opportunities in students" formation is the basis for ensuring general professional development". (Muslimov N.A. (2007))
According to professors R.Kh.Djurayev and S.T.Turgunov, "independent education is a process of personal actions aimed at learning the experience of ancestors, scientific and technical achievements with the help of tools and literature
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chosen by a person. A person's inner world, emotions, and ability to think independently play a key role in this". ( Turgunov S.T., Maksudova L.A. (2009))
Methodology
The student's independent work serves to develop the thinking of any future professional. In general, it can be said that it is a type of training that increases the cognitive activity of students and encourages them to think independently. Independent education plays an important role in student activity. For this reason, each University determines the forms of independent education based on the specific characteristics of the studied subject. First of all, the professor-teacher teaching the subject should instill confidence in the student's abilities and mental capabilities, and patiently, step by step, teach him how to properly organize independent learning. Taking into account the expansion and growth of the knowledge and skills acquired by each student during the course, it is necessary to complicate their future forms of independent education and increase their initiative and role. Only then, a student who performs independent education understands that he should not only do the work given by the professor, but also that he can do it independently based on his interest and ability. Independent education in higher education institutions has the following goals:
1) Deepening and expansion of knowledge;
2) Formation of interest in creative activity;
3) Acquisition of educational methods;
4) Development of creative abilities of conscious understanding and independent, creative, critical thinking;
5) Formation of skills of making independent conclusions;
6) Creating a basis for engaging in research or methodological activities;
7) Speech development;
8) Forming a connection between theory and practice;
9) Formation of independence in educational activities;
10) Formation of creativity;
11) Ability to analyze literature;
12) Work with electronic educational literature and data bank;
13) purposeful use of the Internet;
14) Searching for necessary information, identifying convenient methods and means of learning.
In the effective implementation of these goals, it would be appropriate to define the topics of independent work based on the following innovative methods in the development of the subject science program in higher educational institutions:
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- Independent work topics are created based on problems with a solution based on the information covered in one or more of the main topics of the educational subject;
- Raising of one or several small-to-small problems, solution and preventive measures;
- Of course, it is based on experience, laboratory testing or other practice;
- Briefly describe the knowledge acquired for oneself in the conclusion;
- The introduction of small inventions or discoveries (for example: create a new method that develops the student's logical thinking), the introduction of a number of interesting activities, examples, problems, etc.;
- When giving independent education to a student, the teacher mentions the names of three or four literatures related to that topic (Because the student compares the books by reading them and becomes interested in what he is doing) ;
- Creation and improvement of the mechanism of organization and control of students' independent work;
- Evaluation of the independent studies prepared by the students by the teacher in the standard evaluation system of the educational system;
- The amount of independent education should be determined not by the
teachers, but by the student, depending on whether the subject is complex or easy;
- Depending on the level of students' ability to work independently, increase the volume of independent work by semester starting from the 1 st semester, move from simple tasks to more complex tasks, expand the forms of independent work ( Mahmudova O.Y. (2023));
Independent education organized through these innovative methods helps to adequately form independent educational goals in any student.
Independent education of students in institutions of higher education is manifested in the following forms:
• Independent learning of subjects with the help of regulatory and legal documents and educational literature, comparison of literature and discussion of differences;
• Preparation of abstracts on topics (mainly in the 1st year);
• Preparing for seminars and practical training;
• Preparation of scientific articles and thesis (with the help of the teacher);
• Preparation of projects covering current problems of science;
• Application of theoretical knowledge in practice, experiments;
• Finding solutions to existing problems in practice, studying them;
• Writing comments to the main scientific literature on the studied topic;
Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences
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Creating various methods, games, methods based on the scope of science;
In the form of comprehension-search
Reproductive form
In the form of creative work
Fig. 1. Forms of independent work.
Table 1.
№ Forms of independent work Types of independent work
1 Independent work in reproductive form - independent assimilation of some thames of science with the help of educational literature, working with educational resources and summarizing; - Independent study and synopsis of Laws of the Republic of Uzbekistan, works and reports of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Presidential decrees, decrees, Cabinet of Ministers and other regulatory documents; - watching, listening and summarizing lectures via video and audio; - viewing, hearing and mastering slides, video materials through multimedia tools; - returning educational materials, memorizing, etc
2 Independent works in the form of comprehension-search (search). - independently prepare information, visual aids, study lectures and other materials; - performing calculation and analytical work, solving tests; - delivering lectures at seminars, practical and other trainings; - doing homework, control work, presentations, abstracts, case studies, etc.
3 Independent work in the - preparation and defense of essays, term papers and graduation
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qualification papers;
- participation in research and preparation of scientific reports;
- participation in scientific circles of students;
- participation in scientific and practical conferences, preparation and publication of scientific articles.
Forms and types of independent education. (Toshkent,
http://reia.tdpu.uz/shaxsiyreia/views/openlesson/download.php/?id=22462)
Students' independent work is usually carried out in the following processes:
1. In the process of the lesson - that is, in the process of giving tasks related to lecture, practical, seminar, laboratory training.
2. Together with the professor-teacher, in addition to classroom training, giving advice during direct communication, performing individual tasks, etc.
3. At home, in the library, in the student dormitory, in the department, the student is in the process of completing educational and creative assignments.
It is known from the above that independent work can be done by students not only outside the auditorium, but also during class.
Organization of independent education of professors and teachers in the higher education system continues in the following stages:
□ Involving students in independent work;
□ Control them;
□ Evaluation according to students' actions;
□ Give a clear, short summary based on the tasks performed by the students;
Students should follow the following when preparing and completing
independent assignments:
• when choosing independent educational tasks related to lectures, ensure their consistency with the topics studied in the auditorium;
• achieving a clear description of the topics to be studied independently at home and the main questions that should be studied;
• taking into account the proportionality of practical training tasks with the studied theoretical educational materials;
• taking into account the creation of existing methodical developments related to practical work, independent work;
• making a clear list of examples and issues that need to be solved independently;
• information support of independent work assignments, including the list of literature, pages, electronic training manuals and Internet addresses, etc. ( Toshkent, http://reja.tdpu.uz/shaxsiyreja/views/openlesson/download.php/?id=22462)
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In the process of independent education, each student learns new educational literature, learns theoretical material, develops knowledge-giving activities through practice, forms a system of knowledge by forming practical skills and experiences. In this case, educational literature serves as the main source of knowledge. In the process of reading textbooks and educational literature, the student performs various thinking activities, searches for the information he needs, compares them to each other, classifies and receives the necessary information. As a result of this, the most important feature of students' educational activities independence is formed .
In many developed countries, the development of society is inextricably linked with the development of higher education, and the development of science and technology based on modern information technologies increases the need for independent education in society. This means raising the student's independent education in educational institutions to a new level. Therefore, in all the world's top 100 higher education institutions, independent study sessions are the main and most part of the educational process. For example: Oxford University, one of the most prestigious universities in the world, allows its master's students to study 2 days a week, and the remaining 4 days to study independently. And this independent education is provided by sufficient sources of information resources, a large, convenient library, laboratory, experimental areas, and most importantly, a peaceful and relaxing environment for students to carry out. In addition, when choosing the subject of independent education, its scientificity, systematicity, relevance to current needs, interrelationship of disciplines, as well as the creative nature of independent work are of great importance. The main thing is that students' aspirations and interests are taken into account by organizing independent educational activities.
CONCLUSION
In short, the role of independent education is incomparable in the current world education system in the implementation of the goal of increasing the effectiveness of education. For this reason, many studies and innovations are being done on this process. But there are some shortcomings. Therefore, the problems observed and their innovative solutions were mentioned in this article. In addition, more specific information about independent education and understanding of its types, forms, and importance on this day were given. These ideas will help students to acquire knowledge more deeply, to have the ability to think independently and freely.
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