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Section 2. Preschool Education
https://doi.org/10.29013/EJEAP-20-1-8-10
Tran Thi Hai Yen, Master, Ba Ria Vung Tau College of Education E-mail: [email protected] vn
THE USE OF FITNESS TECHNOLOGIES IN THE WORK WITH CHILDREN OF PRESCHOOL AGE
Abstract. The article deals with the issues of the modern approach of versatile education and physical development of preschool children, by introducing them to a healthy lifestyle and using fitness technologies in organizing classes. Today, "fitness" can be considered as an innovative system of physical exercises related to the recovery of a person, the improvement of his physical and mental development, social adaptation and integration.
Keywords: modern approach, the organization of classes, fitness technology.
Currently, teachers, psychologists and physiolo- achieving the tolerance to social and environmental
conditions, and in enhancing adaptive properties. Zh. Kh. Kholodov and V. S. Kuznetsov state that it is during this period that the most intensive growth and development of the most important body systems and their functions takes place, the foundation is laid for the comprehensive development of physical and mental abilities [5, P. 157].
Based on the results of the analysis and compilation of literature data, our own pedagogical experience, as well the study of regulatory documents governing activities in the field of physical education, an issue was identified: decreased motor activity of children and loss of interest in traditional forms of physical education. The necessity of searching for effective innovative technologies, methods, means and forms of organization ofphysical education was determined.
The main objective of our work is to create a system of recommendations for preschool children classes using fitness technologies. It is assumed that the use of non-traditional methods in work will help lay the
gists focus their attention on preschool age, since there is an urgent need in society to create conditions for the all-around education and physical development of children. The issue ofhealth improvement of the younger generation through the use ofvarious physical education means in modern conditions has high priority.
The various environmental factors leave negative impact on the children that lead to a deterioration in health, a decrease in mental and physical activity. Motor activity is the foundation for individual development and health of the child [6, P. 7]. The number of children suffering from cardiovascular, musculoskeletal diseases, vegetovascular dysfunction, etc. is growing every year. An important factor that determines the health is the level of development of basic physical abilities, which is considered low in 20-40% of preschool children [2, P. 55]. However, this factor is the one that determines vitality of the preschool child, plays a large role in the comprehensive and balanced development of the individual, in
THE USE OF FITNESS TECHNOLOGIES IN THE WORK WITH CHILDREN OF PRESCHOOL AGE
solid foundations ofgood health and the balanced development of the child. The use of fitness technologies in preschool children classes will help in all-around education and physical development of children.
The following research methods were used in the work: theoretical (analysis and study of the literature, regulatory documents on the research topic); empirical (study and analysis of work programs, generalization of work experience).
Early in life, children cannot develop correctly without sufficient activity. Their attention span at this age is still unstable, children cannot concentrate on one thing for a long time and get tired quickly [5, P. 161]. Organization is crucial for the effectiveness of issue solving of the directed use of physical education in early and preschool age. Therefore, preschool institutions develop unconventional approaches to the structure and content of classes allowing maintenance ofthe constant interest ofchildren in them, an individual approach to each child, reasonable distribution of the academic load and taking into account the level of physical activity. The basis of an appropriate motor regimen is made up of daily physical exercises and games in various forms under the guidance of parents (in the family), the educator (in preschool institutions) and in the process of independent motor activity of children.
Any physical education lesson and fitness training consists of three parts: preparatory, basic, and final. Duration depends on the age of the child and individual physical fitness (from 20 to 40 minutes). The preparatory part of the fitness lesson is aimed at organizing those involved, preparing the central nervous system and vegetative functions; ensuring the readiness of the musculoskeletal system for actions requiring significant muscular effort from those involved; the formation of skills to perform motor actions with various given parameters (pressure, amplitude, direction, rhythm, pace). This is achieved with the help of special exercises: various types of walking, running, jumping, general developmental exercises, as well as previously studied and mastered aerobic exercises or musical rhythmic gymnastics. The aim of the main
part is to educate the volitional and physical qualities of those involved and development of vital motor skills. Exercises that build muscle are performed during this part. Strength training includes exercises with objects (dumbbells, expanders, harnesses), exercises on a step platform, with athletic balls, push-ups, press swing, pull-ups, etc. The main part includes elements of acrobatics, sports, rhythmic gymnastics, as well as non-traditional types of gymnastics (wushu, yoga, natha yoga, singing, soccer, aerobics, finger gymnastics, psycho gymnastics, creative gymnastics, stretching, rhythmic games, gymnastics games, dance games). Outdoor games are one of the components of the main part of the lesson. They are selected taking into account the complexity of motor actions and the interest of children. The goal of the final part of the lesson is the recreation after physical exertion and the transition to other activities. In this part of the lesson, it is better to use calming exercises: walking with moderate speed, massaging exercises (shaking, relaxing, massaging), breathing exercises, game stretching, relaxation exercises, attention exercises, calm games, musical tasks, etc. It's hard to make the children purposefully engage physical exercises. They should be interested in doing this. Children should like fitness classes, they should be accompanied by music, poetry, which contributes to an emotional recovery. Children will be happy to do the proposed exercises that they are interested in, even if they are difficult. If the aforementioned is done, the success of the teacher (development of the psychophysical qualities of children) and the child (mastering the motor skills) will be ensured [4, P. 12].
Unconventional training presupposes a difference from the classical structure of the lesson due to the use of new ways of organizing children, nonstandard equipment, making some changes to the traditional form of the structure of lesson, leaving the key parts unchanged:
- at each physical education lesson the tasks of training, education and development of the child should be implemented;
- training in basic movements should be carried out in three stages: training, consolidation, improvement;
- the content and methodology of the lesson should contribute to the achievement of the training effect, sufficient motor density and the development of physical qualities [3, P. 32].
The following conclusions can be drawn based on the results of research. Fitness technologies in education increase the quality level of traditional physical education classes, introduce positive emotions into lesson, satisfy the need to improve
health, form a positive and active attitude towards a healthy lifestyle, and help identify the abilities of students, their physical development and physical fitness [1, P. 5].
In summary, the system of physical activities for preschool children should include both traditional and innovative features as a great addition to government programs. Today, specialists in the field of physical education are in search of new form of lesson organization that would incorporate all that is new that has been created by science and practice in the field of health-improving physical education.
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