CC BY
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Экономика, организация и управление предприятиями, отраслями, комплексами 117
Деятельность предприятий и организаций в области логистики для достижения конкурентных преимуществ складывается из нескольких правил, которые получили название «шесть правил логистики» [3]:
Груз - нужный товар;
Качество - необходимого качества;
Количество - в необходимом количестве;
Время - должен быть доставлен в нужное время;
Место - в нужное место;
Затраты - с минимальными затратами.
Логистическая деятельность должна носить интеграционный характер, иначе достижение этих шести правил невозможно. Необходима интеграция всех субъектов участвующих в логистической цепочке в логистическую систему. Применение данного метода повышения конкурентоспособности предприятия невозможно без высококвалифицированных специалистов, а также базируются на дальновидности и прогрессивности взглядов управляющего.
Таким образом, путей повышения конкурентоспособности предприятия множество, но реализация их возможна только при условии наличия квалифицированных кадров, высоком уровне организации производственного процесса, квалификации и авторитета управляющего звена и др.
Список литературы:
1. Управление производством [Электронный ресурс]. - Режим доступа: up-pro.ru (дата обращения: 19.01.2015).
2. Маркетинг [Электронный ресурс]. - Режим доступа: grandars.ru (дата обращения: 19.01.2015).
3. Логистика [Электронный ресурс]. - Режим доступа: grandars.ru (дата обращения 19.01.2015)
4. Чайникова Л.Н. Конкурентоспособность предприятия: учебное пособие. - Тамбов: ТГТУ 2007.
THE USA EXPERIENCE IN THE FIELD OF ETHICAL REGULATION OF PUBLIC SERVANTS AND THE POSSIBILITY OF ITS USE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
© Dunaeva A.I.*
Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow
For civil servants concept of ethical behavior varies greatly, so to establish the common framework of ethical conduct for civil servants need their regulatory consolidation.
Student of the faculty «Government and municipal management».
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Keywords: public-private partnership, infrastructure, municipal infrastructure the management.
Extensive experience in the preparation of the various codes of ethical regulation of the civil service at all levels of government has allowed the United States to take into account the specifics of the society and the state apparatus to create the most efficient-functioning legislation. Introduction to the Code of Ethics set forth therein standards of ethical conduct for civil servants, as well as the establishment of moral sanctions for their violation allowed the US to significantly improve the corruption perception index (73 out of 100). With this indicator the US occupies 19th place in the list of countries on the perception of corruption, while Russia is on 133 - third place with an index value - 28 [3, 1].
By analogy with the laws of the United States should improve the legal framework on civil service by creating a common code of ethical regulation of the civil service, which determines the conditions for the conduct of lawful and honest officials perform public functions. This code will also be a source of individual codes that are created at the level of ministries, agencies and other bodies of state and municipal government. The basis of the Uniform Code may be approved by the decision of the Presidium of the Presidential Council of the Russian Federation on combating corruption by 23 December 2010 Model Code of ethics and official conduct of civil servants of the Russian Federation and municipal employees [2, 2]. Code will include sanctions for violations of ethics in the public service. This Code will form uniform requirements for public servants in the field of ethics, as well as formulate the basic standards of ethical behavior. Educating moral qualities of civil servants, as well as their regulatory consolidation will reduce corruption component in our country.
It should be noted that the United States is different from other countries, a high level of politicization of the civil service. An example is the creation of a separate body at the federal level, coordinating professional ethics in the United States - Management of professional ethics in government the US (The Office of Government Ethics, hereinafter - USEGO).
The basis for the creation of USEGO became law «On Official Ethics in government», adopted in 1978, according to which USEGO originally was part of the US Office of Personnel Management, and only 11 years later received the status of a separate agency. In 1992 USEGO was published the first comprehensive set of standards of ethical conduct for the federal government, which brought together numerous codes of conduct developed by federal agencies for many years.
Thus, the management of professional ethics in government the United States, in contrast, for example, from the Committee on Standards in the public sphere of Great Britain, it carries out the management of public service ethics. It develops standards of conduct for public servants, and ensure their implementation, including through the coordination of activities in the field of professional
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ethics, carried out by individual authorities. The presence of a coordinating body type manager is typical of the United States, where, in contrast to other countries, regulation of ethical conduct for civil servants is more tightly, namely in accordance with the Bill and various legal acts establishing ethical norms and rules of conduct [4, 3].
At the stage of civil service reform, based on the experience of the United States, Russia should form the management of ethical regulation of professional performance and conduct business in the government of the Russian Federation. Creation of a public authority in the United States helped to optimize the process of preventing and resolving conflicts of interest in the public service, contributed to driving progress on civil servants to high standards of ethical conduct and strengthening public confidence in the fact that the state is working according to the principles of justice and fairness. The need for this control in the Russian Federation due to the lack of state authority in the study area. It is assumed that the management will exercise the functions of policy formulation and implementation of ethical regulation in the field of public administration. We should also highlight the function to monitor compliance with the rules of the Uniform Code of ethical regulation of the civil service.
The Office of ethical regulation of professional performance and conduct business in the government of the Russian Federation may enter 4 departments, coordinated actions that will enable this body proper discharge of their functions.
Consider in more detail the functions of the Office of the departments of ethical regulation of professional performance and conduct business in the government of the Russian Federation.
International Division of ethical regulation coordinates the participation of the Office programs to combat corruption, to develop international ethical standards and provides technical support.
It is expected that the Department of Administration and Information Management will be divided into two sub-division, which will provide the necessary support for all operating in the Office programs. Branch Administrative Officer will be responsible for personnel management, payroll, labor, materials and other publication. Branch Information Management will be responsible for telecommunications, the introduction of new computer technologies and provides the official Web site of the Office.
Department of monitoring and support ethical program is responsible for monitoring and providing support for ethical programs of departments and agencies branch. The department consists of three departmental programs subdivision: Subdivision maintenance programs, subdivision on program monitoring and subdivision on training.
Branch to implement programs will liaise with departments and agencies, and provides the proper discharge of ethical programs. It is planned to appoint special officers, each of whom is responsible for several of certain organs of state
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and municipal management, providing them with necessary information, providing assistance in the implementation of ethics programs. This body will coordinate activities to promote and comply with the requirements of the Uniform Code of ethical regulation of the civil service.
Branch monitoring program will conduct its own monitoring of the implementation by the state and municipal government ethics programs, making conclusions about their effectiveness and matching tasks.
Branch on training will organize the training process for civil servants in terms of public service ethics, and make training courses on ethics and provide them and other materials departments and agencies of the executive authorities.
These bodies will help monitor compliance with provisions of the Code of ethical regulation of the civil service, thereby minimizing the risk of conflicts of interest and breaches of ethical regulation of state and municipal services in Russia.
References
1. Federal Law of 25 December 2008 № 273 -FZ «On Combating Corruption».
2. Model Code of ethics and official conduct of civil servants of the Russian Federation and municipal employees of 23 December 2010 (Minutes № 21).
3. Transparency International: The Corruption Perceptions Index. - 2011.
4. Butova T.V Interaction of civil society with government authorities. Bulletin of the University (State University of Management). - 2013. - № 3. - S. 119-128.
5. Koch R., Dixon J. Public governance and leadership: political and managerial problems in making public governance changes the driver for re-constituting leadership. Gabler Edition Wissenschaft. DUV, 2007. R. 542.
ЗАРУБЕЖНЫЙ опыт реформирования СИСТЕМЫ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ГРАЖДАНСКОЙ СЛУЖБЫ
© Дунаева А.И.*
Финансовый университет при Правительстве Российской Федерации,
г. Москва
На фоне активной интеграции Российской Федерации в глобальную экономику и наличия у нее смежных интересов в решении проблем, касающихся государственного управления, с некоторыми иностранными государствами, перед ней встает объективная необходимость в разработке специальных механизмов сотрудничества, которые с одной стороны
Студент факультета «Государственное и муниципальное управление».
