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28ФИЛОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
THE TRANSLATOR'S ROLE IN TRANSLATING OF THE TECHNICAL TEXTS
12 3
Izyumova T.S. , Kakzhanova Sh.A. , Tugambekova M.A.
1Izyumova Tatyana Spartakovna - Senior Teacher; 2Kakzhanova Sholpan Aidarkhanovna - Senior Teacher;
3Tugambekova Marksiana Alpysbaevna - Teacher, RUSSIAN AND FOREIGN LANGUAGES DEPARTMENT, ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTION FACULTY,
KARAGANDA STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, KARAGANDA, REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Abstract: the article deals with some peculiarities of the English language technical texts terminology.
Keywords: investigation, terminology.
The profession of the translator is highly appreciated around the world and the translator's work acts as the integral link between the people living in the different corners of our planet.
In everyday life we see that the translation activity has an enormous value and today's life is inconceivable without it. Thanks to the translators, people have an opportunity to get acquainted with the masterpieces of the world culture or with the achievements of the science and technology. Without the translators we should read the scientific literature and watch the telecasts of the other countries only in the original that is not always possible, and therefore, a lot of news, especially the scientific and technical news would pass by us [1].
So the translator is not only the one who learned a foreign language, the customs, mentality and traditions of its carriers, but also the one who understands if not everything, but in many respects. It is known that the movement of the informational streams does not know either borders, or space presently, and the translation communications cover almost all the spheres of human activity. The professional translator will execute the function of the so-called intermediary, providing the cross-cultural communication in the various professional spheres. There are such cases when the engineer created the intricate, tremendous project, but unfortunately, cannot demonstrate and explain the principle of its action to the other engineers from the other country. The translator of this engineer is faced by the complex challenge - the translated text has to be very close to the original [2].
It means, the translator is obliged to investigate thoroughly a subject about which there is a speech. Apparently here the precise transfer of the language material which the errors in transfers are accompanied by the subsequent difficulties in the work with technique is the most important. There are many specific branches of the technical translation - for example the translations in the sphere of informational technologies, the oil and gas industry, the medical translation, etc. So it is the reason that the larger need for the translators is observed in the technical areas therefore it is difficult to overestimate value and a role of the technical translation [3]. Thanks to this type of the translation there is an exchange of knowledge and technologies, and the scientists, engineers, researchers and designers have an opportunity to work on the joint projects. The role of the translator as the person is significant as only he is able correctly issue and can favorably present a technical product at the world market, being in this case a technical communicator. The translation process of the scientific texts can be presented as a reciprocal process of an interaction of the text and the person who translates it. Therefore stages of the ideational activity of the author in the translation process find a reflection in the structure of the translated scientific text. So, it is possible to claim that the translation of the scientific and technical texts in some sense is the process of the scientific
knowledge when some opening is recreated by the translator thanks to his activity by a judgment of the process reflected in the text of the original.
Unlike the literary translation, the technical translation must precisely convey the meaning of the text. It should not contain any emotional-expressive elements. The main feature of the translation of technical and scientific texts is informative and short, which provides the objective accuracy of the translation. It should not be distorted concepts and terms, such translations are necessary to completely eliminate the dual meaning. We can highlight the main difficulties of scientific and technical translation. First of all, we must understand the terms. Some of them have several meanings depending on the subject. This requires the translator to have a comprehensive knowledge, to know which texts to use one of the meanings of words [4]. The slightest inaccuracy in the transmission of meaning may lead to unpredictable consequences, both at the workplace and in everyday life while using household appliances. In addition, it's authenticity. As in the texts a lot of the special terminology, the transfer must be logical accurate, reliable and, so the translator need to understand the meaning of the text and good knowledge of the described processes. Thanks to the constant development of scientific and technological process, there are unknown features of scientific and technical translation due to the appearance of new terms. If the translator does not know all these subtleties, accurate and correct translation of scientific or technical text with accurate fact set out to perform the impossible. Despite all these difficulties technical translations should consist of properly formed sentences with correct use of terminology and individual words. Almost always it is required to make a written translation of the text, so the translator should be well versed in the rules of writing. Therefore, the translation should be done by a professional in a certain field, who has a good knowledge of the target foreign languages. Typically, in order to evaluate the translated text uses the following criteria.
I. High precision.
II. Consistency of terminology, the meaning of the original should be preserved necessarily, all the words, abbreviations must be translated.
III. Adherence to linguistic norms, the translation must be free of errors in syntax, in sequence of tenses and any grammatical errors, all the words should be used in the correct order, spelling errors and typos should not be tolerated.
IV. Style. The style of the theme should correspond to the scope of the transfer. Must be excluded the words-parasites, repetitions, and the text should be easily perceived. The translation should be preserved syntactic structure of the original [5].
The use of special technical vocabularies is a necessary condition. Even if the translator knows many words, there may be unknown or unfamiliar term or known term in a completely different value.
If the word has many meaning, it is necessary to take its value, which belongs to the respective field of technology. Sometimes it happens that some word meanings are not fixed in the dictionary. In this case, the translator needs to refer to the related branch of technology benefits, or get advice from a specialist.
Sometimes out of the difficulty can have a good sense of language or language guess. In case if no language matches, and the word difficult, in such cases the translators resorted to the calques, i.e. the translation of a word or phrase in parts. The lack of a term in one language, partial coincidence of the values of some words in English and Russian languages, the ambiguity of many words and terms a complete mismatch of similar-sounding words are the cause of all sorts of difficulties. In order to make a translation, one should carefully read the entire original text. In the process of familiarization with the text to mark unknown places, unknown or not recorded in dictionaries of terms. If there is any doubts, clarifications should be referred to a specialist, take advantage of special literature, relevant references, and technical dictionaries. In some cases there is a need to think about the meaning of the term. Then it is necessary to read carefully the translation. To correct inaccuracies, mistakes, typographical errors. Terms may have one meaning and many
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meanings. The term does not exist in isolation but represents a link in the system of scientific and technical concepts. One must remember that the majority of English technical terms when translated into Russian language can have different meanings or shades of meaning, depending on which field of technology they belong to. For example the sentence in English: "The procedure facilitated by this method became more useful", after retranslated from Russian it may looks like this: The procedure simplified thanks to this method has become more effective. Here there is a slight change in the content of the sentence. The word 'ductility' can be translated as viscosity or as malleability; it all depends on the context. Here is another example 'dirty oil for new engines' after retranslation from Russian into English may look like this 'the use of the waste oil for the running-in of engine' In the technical literature a significant place words borrowed from other languages, mainly from Latin and Greek. These words have become international and have penetrated into many languages. They are mostly similar in sound and meaning with the Russians. Example: reactor, acceleration, titanium structure, the ton - Some of them fully correspond to the value of the Russian words, and belong to the same grammatical kind as English. But when translating international terms it is necessary to bear in mind the following: among these terms there are a small number of words similar to Russian words in sound but totally different in meaning. The term 'voltaic battery', both words are understandable without a dictionary, can be translated into Russian as 'source of current". The translation would be closer in meaning. There are words whose values are converging or diverging, but qualitatively remain the same, and sometimes acquire a different meaning. For example, in the sentence, 'In mechanics, force does not mean strength'. It is impossible to translate the word 'strength and force' the same word, then it is necessary to distract from the words, but to express the idea [6]. Furthermore difficulties in translation also arise from a mismatch of word order in Russian and English languages. So is the rearrangement of words or phrases. Sometimes to ease the translation the conversion of complex sentences to simple is permitted. This technique allows you to express the idea clearly express the idea of the original and it is called compression. Difficulties also appear because of inconsistencies in the methods and means of expression, and grammatical phenomena not having analogues in the target language, i.e. in Russian language [7]. Therefore, when evaluating a translation is to consider not only how correctly found the equivalents of the words but also how accurate the interpreter found the private decisions. The only overall effect will lead to adaptation, which in no way corresponds to the proper translation.
References
1. Robinson Doug. Becoming a Translator // London & New York: Routledge, 2003. P. 20-25.
2. Pinchuck Isadore. Scientific and technical translation // London: A. Deutsch, 1977. P. 165.
3. Sykes John Bradbury. Technical Translator's Manual // London: Aslib. ed., 1971.
4. Kingscott Geoffrey. "Technical Translation and Related Disciplines" // Perspectives: Studies in Translatology, 2002. P. 70-71.
5. Martin Charles. "Specialization in Translation: myths and realities." // Translation Journal. Accessed November 16, 2014. P. 90-92.
6. Byrne Jody. "Are technical translators writing themselves out of existence?" // In the Translator as Writer, ed. by Ian Kemble, Portsmouth: University of Portsmouth, 2000. P. 80
7. Toury Gideon. Descriptive Translation Studies - and Beyond // Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamin, 1995.
