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5THE TRADITIONAL AND THE INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGICAL METHODS OF TEACHING STUDENTS IN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF UKRAINE
Yasynska E.
Department of Social Medicine and Health Organization Higher State Educational Institution of Ukraine «Bukovina State Medical University», Chernovtsy.
Abstract
The article analyzes modern methods of teaching students in the humanities in higher educational institutions of Ukraine. The characteristic differences of traditional and innovative learning are determined, the classification of innovative teaching methods is given and the main approaches to the selection of innovative teaching methods are highlighted.
Keywords: interactive teaching methods, educational process, higher education institution, traditional and innovative education.
Modern higher education in Ukraine requires scientific teaching staff to master and introduce innovative teaching methods. Effective for the modernization of higher technical education is the introduction of innovative teaching methods into the educational process of higher fast-moving institutions. In accordance with the Law of Ukraine "On Innovative Activities", innovations are again and improved competitive technologies, products or services, as well as organizational and technical decisions of a production, administrative, commercial or other nature, which significantly improve the structure and quality of production and the social sphere. Education traditional for the past as a system aimed at passively acquiring and reproducing knowledge lags behind the real requirements of the labor market today. The demand for a transition to innovative education, in particular in higher education, is determined by the challenges of our time and relates to priority areas of state policy in Ukraine in the context of integrating national education into European and world educational space. Now, higher education institutions are faced with the task of constantly improving the quality of education, modernizing its content, developing and implementing educational innovations and information technologies, and creating conditions for the training of specialists. The state documents on education declare significant changes to improve higher education: focus on the best world models of education, new intensive educational technologies, differentiation and integration of educational content, introduction of modern educational technologies. In the conditions of formation of an innovative society, the functional features of education are not only providing students with the amount of knowledge and skills accumulated in previous years, but also developing the ability to perceive and use in practice new scientific ideas, tools and methods. The formation of Ukraine as an independent state, its national revival and the transition to market relations have a profound effect on the role of specialists with higher education. A special place among them is occupied by future teachers as highly competent and comprehensively educated specialists, whose level of training should meet the socio-pedagog-ical needs of society in the implementation of the "National Doctrine of Education in Ukraine in the XXI century." Building a national education system in Ukraine
provides a new approach to training of future personnel, aimed at overcoming the crisis in education, which is manifested primarily in the inconsistency of students' knowledge to personal needs, social needs and international standards. The main criterion of the university is the level of preparation of graduates, a rational combination of their theoretical knowledge with the ability to apply them in practice, which means the need to search for effective forms and methods of teaching, improving programs, curricula, developing new teaching methods, manuals and the like. Innovations in education are the process of creating, implementing and disseminating in educational activities new approaches, ideas, methods and techniques, technologies aimed at updating, modernizing, transforming the educational process in accordance with the requirements of the time. In particular, for higher education institutions the decisive factor should be the formation of students' systematic approach to the analysis of professional tasks, strategic thinking, ability to social mobility, the pursuit of self-education, self-education and self-improvement throughout active life.
The purpose of the article: to analyze the basic traditional and innovative methods of teaching the humanities in higher education.
There are many modern teaching methods in higher educational institutions of Ukraine. After analyzing the pedagogical experience of teaching theoretical disciplines, we have classified the interactive methods of preparing students in theoretical departments in higher educational institutions:
1. The imitation methods. Dialogue interaction of participants in the educational process in order to exchange material and spiritual values.
2. The cognitive methods.
3. The motivational methods. Dialogue interaction of participants in the educational process. Each determines his position in relation to the methods of activity of the student group, individual participants, the teacher and himself ("Self-promotion", "My professional growth", etc.).
4. The regulatory methods. The rules of dialogue interaction between the participants of the educational process are established and adopted. A method of creating a feeling of success in learning. For the atmosphere of creativity during classes, it is important for
each student to experience success in a particular activity. During the execution of a specific task or before the lesson, it is possible to form a presentation of students' work in the form of posters, embroideries, weaving, layouts, videos, etc.). Demonstration of work in the classroom and discussion of these presentations contributes to the updating of the content, forms and teaching methods in higher education institutions.
The project method by which we develop a research spirit, the ability to independently acquire knowledge, analyze and synthesize material, independently think critically and express our own opinions; creative approach to the task, initiative and perseverance, tolerance and ability to work in a team. In addition, applying this method during classes, we create the opportunity to develop communication skills, speech. According to our research, the ability to use the project method is an indicator of the high qualification of a scientific and pedagogical worker. Interactive methods (business role-playing games, joint problem solving, modeling of life situations, etc.), in our opinion, best contribute to the formation of skills and values, create a situation of interaction, help the teacher become a leader, not an administrator.
Currently, the following pedagogical technologies are most often used in educational practice:
• structural and logical technologies: the phased organization of the training system, provides a logical sequence for the formulation and solution of didactic tasks based on the phased selection of their content, forms, methods and means, taking into account the diagnosis of results;
• integration technologies: didactic systems that ensure the integration of interdisciplinary knowledge and skills, various activities at the level of integrated courses
• the professional and business gaming technologies: didactic systems for using various "games", during which skills are formed to solve problems based on compromise choices (business and role-playing games, simulation exercises, individual training, computer programs, etc.);
• the training tools: a system of activities for working out certain algorithms for solving typical practical problems using a computer (psychological trainings of intellectual development, communication, solving managerial problems, etc.);
• the information and computer technologies implemented in didactic systems of computer training based on the human-machine dialogue using various training programs (training, monitoring, information, etc.);
• the dialogue and communication technologies: a set of forms and teaching methods based on dialogue thinking in interacting didactic systems of the subject-subject level.
In educational practice, the diversification of educational technologies makes it possible to actively and
efficiently combine them through the modernization of traditional teaching and its reorientation to effective, purposeful. With this approach, emphasis is placed on the personal development of future specialists, the ability to master new experiences of creative and critical thinking, role-playing and simulation modeling of finding solutions to educational problems, etc.
In the educational environment of innovative communication technologies, the basis of learning should be holistic models of the educational process, based on the dialectical unity of methodology and means of their implementation. In today's market of educational services such are innovative active and interactive teaching methods. As the creative component of education significantly increases, the role of all participants in the educational process is activated, the creative and exploratory independence of students is strengthened, the concepts of problem-based and interactive learning related to the use of computer systems have become especially relevant. During such an educational process, the student can contact the teacher online, solve creative, problem-solving tasks, model situations, including analytical and critical thinking, knowledge, search skills.
Conclusions:
The introduction of innovative learning technologies in higher education will contribute to the use of effective forms, methods and techniques of teaching, increase motivation to learn, the emergence of students' sense of control over the learning process.
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