CC BY
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UDK 004.02:004.5:004.9
Polvonov Kh.N. assistant professor of Karshi branch of TUIT Khamrayev J. assistant professor of Karshi branch of TUIT Jurakulov Sh.B. assistant professor of Karshi branch of TUIT
THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF CLOUD PRODUCTION
Abstract: Very few people imagine that the concept of "cloud technologies" is not at all an unattainable area of IT technologies, but something that many people use on a daily basis. Cloud computing (eng. Cloud computing) is a technology of distributed data processing, in which computer resources and the provision of power to the user as an Internet service. The term "cloud" is used as a metaphor based on the image on the site of a diagram of a computer network, or as an image of a complex infrastructure that hides all the technical details.
Keywords: cloud computing, cloud structure, cloud computing functions, cloud product.
Cloud production is a new interdisciplinary field, involving technologies and concepts such as network production, production networks (MGrid), virtual production, flexible production, the Internet of Things and, in fact, cloud computing. Cloud production reflects both the model of "unity of distributed resources" and the model of "distribution of integral resources."
The concept of "cloud production" can be given the following definition -this is a model of universal, convenient access to the general fund of redeployable production resources (software, equipment, production facilities) at the right time and with the ability to quickly obtain a finished product with minimal management costs and with minimal interaction between the supplier and the customer.
In cloud production, distributed resources are encapsulated in cloud services and managed centrally. The client can use the cloud services at his discretion. The cloud user can receive various services: design training, design, production, testing, management and services related to any other stage of the product life cycle.
Consider the architecture of the cloud production system (Fig. 1).
As shown in the figure, a hypothetical cloud production system consists of many subsystems - "layers". Each of the layers contains software, hardware, technical, organizational, mathematical software separately or their combinations.
Fig. 1 - Cloud Production Architecture.
The functioning of the cloud production system begins at the corporate level (Enterprise cooperation application layer), which addresses the issues of versatile cooperation between industries and enterprises. Various enterprises, divisions and departments work under the general management of the software of the portal level (Portal layer) and the software of the cloud production system (Application layer). Here, the bulk of the tasks of human-machine interaction are carried out.
The most significant and time-consuming layer in this "pie" is the core cloud service layer, which combines all software and organizational and technical tools into a single production cloud (for example, receiving and processing applications, technical control, access rights management, planning, monitoring, capacity deployment, optimization, etc.). The effectiveness and efficiency of the entire production model depends on the functioning of this subsystem.
At the level of the virtual resource layer (Resource virtualization layer), production resources and capacities become "virtual" (more precisely, they create virtual copies through which communication with physical equipment is carried out) and encapsulated in the production cloud. The essence of encapsulation is to hide from "outside interference" the structure of the production site and to reduce the interactions between the cloud and production equipment to the use of strictly predefined methods and commands.
The connection layer (perception layer) provides data exchange between physical objects in the local network.
The resource layer contains all production resources and capacities encapsulated in services and available to the client upon request.
Outside the hierarchy are three subsystems, which simultaneously ensures the functioning of all other systems. This is a knowledge base, security system and a higher-level data exchange network (Internet, regional networks, etc.).
The subjects of the "cloud" production system are: a service provider (provider), which provides its production resources to the client, an operator who manages the platform, its maintenance and maintenance, and, directly, the client
himself who receives the necessary production capacity at the right time for a certain time fee.
Problems and development prospects
The new concept of industrial production is several steps ahead of the current opportunities of both industry and information technology, sets a good vector in the development of these industries.
Cloud production offers a transition from an obsolete production-oriented industry model to a service-oriented model. The key concepts are "production as a service", "design as a service", "management as a service", etc. With the advent of powerful and affordable production services on the market, new opportunities for small businesses appear: the financial threshold for entering the market for newcomers is significantly reduced due to the possibility of obtaining production capacity in the right amount on a temporary basis, "for rent". In addition, there is access to powerful, reliable technologies that are easily scalable and rapidly deployable.
Industrial giants also win: idle equipment does not make a profit, and by placing it at the disposal of the "cloud" it is possible to ensure almost constant loading. In addition, a centralized industrial cloud management system, collaboration with other major market players will allow to achieve peak performance, implement and develop the latest technologies in the shortest possible time and in the most efficient manner.
The prospects for the new approach are very huge, but on the way to implementing such a system, enterprises will have to solve a number of serious problems:
- for the full-scale functioning of the cloud industry, the entire production cycle, from the warehouse of stocks to the warehouse of finished products, should be 100% automated;
- it is necessary to develop schemes for the technical control of projects at each stage of their implementation, starting with the technical specifications, ending with the shipment of finished products. This is due to the fact that potential customers of the system do not have access to detailed information about the production system, in addition, numerous production units encapsulated in the service make up an extremely difficult structure to understand, and customers may simply not have special knowledge in a particular technology field;
The concept of "cloud industrial production" demonstrates the enormous potential of the opportunities that the integration of information technologies in industry reveals, in the future it will be presented in the form of a completely new model, which is based on the synergy of classical industry and high technology.
Each level of the cloud production system poses a number of challenges for industrialists, for the solution of which significant investments, knowledge and experience of large companies in the field of cloud computing will be required, many new jobs will be created for specialists in new industries.
With the transition to a service-oriented industry, humanity receives an impetus in the development of a resource-oriented economy, it gets the opportunity to more rationally distribute production capacities and labor resources, the planning task becomes easier, the means of production themselves become goods that are easily divisible and exploitable.
References:
1. Xun Xu. From Cloud Computing to Cloud Manufacturing // Elsevier. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing. Vol. 28, Issue 1, February 2012, p. 75-86.
2. Tao F., Zhang L. et al. Cloud manufacturing: a computing and service-oriented manufacturing model // Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, Institution of Mechanical Engineers, London, UK, 2011, vol. 225, no. 1
