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Актуальные проблемы авиации и космонавтики - 2021. Том 3
УДК 339.9
СТАТУС-КВО И КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ МЕРЫ МАЛЫХ И СРЕДНИХ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ КИТАЯ, ИСПОЛЬЗУЮЩИХ ИНОСТРАННЫЕ ИНВЕСТИЦИИ
Хуан Чэнь, А. В. Аникин Научный руководитель - Е. В. Сумина
Сибирский государственный университет науки и технологий имени академика М. Ф. Решетнева Российская Федерация, 660037, г. Красноярск, просп. им. газ. «Красноярский рабочий», 31
E-mail: 1479560770@qq.com
Новаторские малые и средние технологические компании стали основными объектами иностранных инвестиций в МСП моей страны. Однако в целом малые и средние предприятия моей страны по-прежнему не получают достаточного привлечения иностранного капитала и недостаточной поддержки иностранных инвестиций.
Ключевые слова: иностранные инвестиции, МСП, статус-кво, стратегия
THE STATUS QUO AND COUNTERMEASURES OF CHINA'S SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES UTILIZING FOREIGN INVESTMENT
Huang Chen, A. V. Anikin Scientific supervisor - E. V. Sumina
Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology 31, Krasnoyarskii rabochii prospekt, Krasnoyarsk, 660037, Russian Federation E-mail: 1479560770@qq.com
Innovative small and medium-sized technology companies have become the main targets of foreign investment in SMEs in my country. Overall, however, small and medium-sized enterprises in my country still do not receive sufficient foreign capital attraction and insufficient support for foreign investment.
Keywords: foreign investment, SMEs, status quo, strategy
Small and medium-sized enterprises are relative to large enterprises. A large enterprise in the general sense refers to an enterprise with a large scale of assets, strong financial strength, at a mature stage of enterprise development, and a relatively monopolistic position in a certain industry. Small and medium-sized enterprises refer to enterprises that are in the initial stage of entrepreneurship, are far weaker than large enterprises in terms of scale and profitability, and mainly rely on technological innovation to compete with large enterprises and seek development. Due to the uncertainty of profitability, small and medium-sized enterprises are full of risks in the investment process. Therefore, the most prominent feature of small and medium-sized enterprises is high risk.
In terms of function, in a sense, small and medium-sized enterprises are more important than large-scale enterprises, because small and medium-sized enterprises are the leaders of technological innovation and the backbone of the continuous advancement of the market economy. Although the role of foreign investment in promoting the development of my country's small and medium-sized enterprises is very obvious, overall, my country's small and medium-sized enterprises still have insufficient foreign investment and insufficient foreign investment support.
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First of all, various types of credit guarantee companies cannot fundamentally solve the problem of non-collateralized assets of enterprises.[1] Small and medium-sized enterprises often need to provide easy-to-monetize collateral with room for appreciation in attracting foreign investment. However, if a company does not have enough collateral, it needs to be guaranteed by a guarantee company, but the guarantee fund of the guarantee company is also limited. Since many small and medium-sized enterprises did not have collateral in the initial stage of their establishment, and they could not obtain effective guarantees, they could not get foreign investment and missed the best opportunity for development. This will cause many potential projects to be stranded. Second, SMEs lack long-term foreign investment. Many foreign capitals have attached strict capital use and return conditions, making it impossible for small and medium-sized enterprises that already lack funds to make full use of foreign capital. Changes in the domestic economic situation have made it possible for foreign capital to withdraw funds at any time. Therefore, it is difficult for small and medium-sized enterprises to obtain large amounts of long-term funds. , Development is hampered. Finally, foreign businessmen and small and medium-sized enterprises do not fit well in capital investment, which makes it easy for companies to miss investment opportunities [5]. Due to the differences in culture and understanding between the two parties, foreign businessmen and small and medium-sized enterprises may have different views on the same project and the same investment. At this time, good communication is required. Due to the lack of understanding of the information of Chinese SMEs by foreign businessmen, and cultural differences in communication, this requires a high degree of patience of Chinese SMEs to be able to clearly state the development plan of the company to foreign businessmen [5]. In addition, although financing methods such as credit financing and intangible asset financing are expected by enterprises, they are not acceptable to foreign investors. Therefore, the two parties cannot reach a consensus. This depends on the state setting up a special SME credit guarantee agency to help SMEs with non-physical financing. Foreign businessmen use technology to exchange equity when investing, thereby controlling my country's small and medium-sized enterprises, and thus the industry, so that other small and medium-sized enterprises in the same industry have no strength to compete with them, either prematurely died or weakened. As a result of foreign monopoly, some Chinese companies rely too much on foreign technology and lose their motivation for independent innovation. As my country has become the world's largest emerging market, foreign investment continues to flow in, but they have not brought the most advanced technology, but only provide second-rate or even third-rate technology, and many small and medium-sized enterprises in my country have become cheap processing plants and product outsourcing workshops. According to the current situation, once foreign investors withdraw their capital or block technology, many small and medium-sized enterprises will lose their competitiveness and face the danger of bankruptcy.
Based on the above analysis, in order to promote my country's SMEs to use foreign capital more efficiently and healthily, the following countermeasures can be taken: Establishing a sound credit rating system is a key step in promoting SMEs to effectively use foreign capital. A sound credit rating system enables foreign businessmen to obtain the background information and development status of different enterprises, identify the credit rating of each enterprise, and invest funds in the most promising and creditworthy enterprises, so as to obtain expected investment returns in the future [2]. Transform technological spillovers into independent innovation. The technology spillover of foreign capital can supplement and promote the technological R&D and innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises, but it also has a substitute effect. This kind of substitution effect is not conducive to the independent innovation of small and medium-sized enterprises in the long run. Therefore, small and medium-sized enterprises should obtain advanced foreign technology at the same time. Efforts to realize the transformation of technology, transform and upgrade the technology that has flowed in with foreign capital into its own technology through redevelopment, improve its own competitiveness, and prevent foreign businessmen from economic control and technology monopoly of my country's small and medium-sized enterprises. Establish a
Актуальные проблемы авиации и космонавтики - 2021. Тома 3
policy-based small and medium-sized enterprise credit guarantee company. Improve various policy-based financial institutions to help SMEs obtain more foreign investment; at the same time, establish policy-based SME credit guarantee companies to reduce investment risks in SMEs and attract more foreign investment. Policy-based credit guarantee companies need to be established with the support of the government to provide non-pledged guarantees for small and medium-sized enterprises [3]. Control the competitive impact of foreign capital on my country's SMEs and create a healthy development environment. Various means should be used to control the impact of foreign companies on my country's SMEs, so as to provide domestic SMEs with a room for healthy competition. In this regard, it is possible to impose access restrictions on foreign-funded enterprises with monopolistic technology, set higher thresholds, control the share of equity held by foreign investors, and relax the conditions for foreign investment after domestic small and medium-sized enterprises enter the expansion period. In this way, it is possible to avoid a certain industry from bein monopolized by foreign investors, to ensure the economic safety of my country's small and medium-sized enterprises, and to create a healthy development space for small and medium-sized enterprises, which is conducive to their maturity and growth [4]. Create a relaxed environment for small and medium-sized enterprises to gather foreign capital. Relevant policies should be formulated to encourage the development of innovative small and medium-sized technology companies, establish a cluster development platform for small and medium-sized enterprises, increase investment attraction, and encourage and guide foreign investment in small and medium-sized enterprises.
References
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2. Yang, Danhui. The impact of the entry of multinational companies on the changes in China's market structure. /J. Yang. 2013. - P.11-17. - direct text.
3. Sang, Baichuan.. Utilizing foreign investment to promote my country' s independent innovation./J.Sang. 2015. - P.58-60. - direct text.
4. Fan, Chengze. Theoretical and empirical research on the impact of FDI on technological innovation of domestic enterprises./J.Fan, 2016 - P.32-35. - direct text.
5. Li, Zhaohui. The impact of foreign investment on China's economic construction./J. Li.2018. - P.68-70. - direct text.
© Huang Chen, Anikin A. V., 2021
