9Chirchik State Pedagogical University Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics
Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik
THE SECOND WORLD WAR IN AMERICAN LITERATURE
Gavhar Misliddin qizi Tursunaliyeva
Student, Chirchik state pedagogical university tursunaliyevagavhar@ gmail. com Scientific adviser: Akmalxonov Said-Fozil Akmalxonovich Teacher,Chirchik state pedagogical university s. [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Post-World War II American literature was marked by a number of significant developments and changes. The war had a profound impact on American society and culture, and this was reflected in the literature of the time. Post-World War II American literature is characterized by a variety of themes and styles. One of the most significant developments of this period was the emergence of the Beat Generation, a group of writers who rejected mainstream American culture and sought to explore new forms of expression. The Beat writers, such as Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg, often wrote about experiences of drugs, sexuality, and spirituality, and their work had a significant influence on later writers and artists. Another important trend in post-World War II American literature was the rise of the Civil Rights Movement, which inspired a wave of African American writers who sought to explore themes of identity, oppression, and resistance. Toni Morrison, James Baldwin, and Ralph Ellison are some of the most notable writers of this period, and their work remains influential today. Post-World War II American literature was also marked by a growing sense of disillusionment with the American Dream, as writers began to question the values and ideals of mainstream society. This trend can be seen in the work of authors such as J.D. Salinger and Kurt Vonnegut, who portrayed characters who were alienated from mainstream society and struggled to find meaning in their lives.
Keywords: Post-world war II, American literature, beat generation, modernist writers
ANNOTATSIYA
Ikkinchi jahon urushidan keyingi Amerika adabiyoti qator muhim o'zgarishlar va o'zgarishlar bilan ajralib turdi. Urush Amerika jamiyati va madaniyatiga katta ta'sir ko'rsatdi va bu o'sha davr adabiyotida o'z aksini topdi. Ikkinchi jahon urushidan keyingi Amerika adabiyoti turli mavzular va uslublar bilan ajralib turadi.
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Chirchik State Pedagogical University Staatliche Pädagogische Universität Chirchik Chirchiq davlat pedagogika universiteti
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Current Issues of Modern Philology and Linguodidactics Aktuelle Fragen der modernen Philologie und Linguodidaktik Zamonaviy filologiya va lingvodidaktikaning dolzarb masalalari
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Bu dawning eng muhim voqealaridan biri Amerikaning asosiy madaniyatini rad etgan va ifodaning yangi shakllarini o'rganishga intilgan yozuvchilar guruhining Beat avlodining paydo bo'lishi edi. Jek Kerouak va Allen Ginsberg kabi Beat yozuvchilari ko'pincha giyohvandlik, jinsiylik va ma'naviyat tajribasi haqida yozganlar va ularning asarlari keyingi yozuvchilar va rassomlarga sezilarli ta'sir ko'rsatgan. Ikkinchi jahon urushidan keyingi Amerika adabiyotidagi yana bir muhim tendentsiya fuqarolik huquqlari harakatining kuchayishi bo'lib, u o'zlik, zulm va qarshilik mavzularini o'rganishga intilgan afro-amerikalik yozuvchilar to'lqinini ilhomlantirdi. Toni Morrison, Jeyms Bolduin va Ralf Ellison bu davrning eng ko'zga ko'ringan yozuvchilari bo'lib, ularning ijodi bugungi kunda ham ta'sirchanligicha qolmoqda. Ikkinchi jahon urushidan keyingi Amerika adabiyoti ham Amerika orzusidan umidsizlik hissi kuchayishi bilan ajralib turdi, chunki yozuvchilar asosiy jamiyatning qadriyatlari va ideallariga shubha qila boshladilar. Bu tendentsiyani J.D.Selinjer va Kurt Vonnegut kabi mualliflar ijodida ham ko'rish mumkin, ular asosiy jamiyatdan yiroqlashgan va o'z hayotida ma'no topishga qiynalgan personajlarni aks ettirgan.
Kalit so'zlar: Ikkinchi jahon urushidan keyingi, Amerika adabiyoti, mag'lub avlod, modernist yozuvchilar
INTRODUCTION
Writers have long drawn on the experiences of war to examine themes such as race, power, democracy, and human behavior under conditions of stress. Partly through addressing these and similar issues with unprecedented candor and realism, U.S. war literature matured during and after World War II. Hundreds of war novels eventually appeared, some of outstanding craftsmanship. Many American poets did impressive work, and wartime journalism and postwar memoirs often exhibited a new subtlety and clarity. Only the most popular or original works and writers can be described here.
LITERARY ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
The Second World War had a profound impact on American literature, both during the conflict itself and in the decades following its conclusion. Here are some key points and themes related to the representation of World War II in American literature:
War Experience Many American authors who served in the war, such as Joseph Heller, Norman Mailer, Kurt Vonnegut, and J.D. Salinger, drew upon their own experiences in their literary works. Their writings often provided gritty and realistic portrayals of combat, the camaraderie among soldiers, and the psychological toll of war.
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Home Front While some authors focused on the experiences of soldiers on the front lines, others explored the impact of the war on civilians back home. This included themes such as rationing, women entering the workforce in large numbers, the internment of Japanese Americans, and the anxieties of waiting for loved ones to return.
Propaganda and Patriotism During the war, literature was used as a tool for propaganda, both to boost morale among troops and to promote support for the war effort among civilians. Writers like Dr. Seuss and Theodore Geisel created works that supported the war effort and demonized the enemy.
Diversity and Identity World War II also prompted discussions about race, ethnicity, and national identity in American literature. African American writers like Richard Wright and Ralph Ellison addressed issues of segregation and discrimination within the military and society at large. Japanese American authors such as John Okada and Monica Sone wrote about the experiences of Japanese Americans during the internment.
Post-war Reflections In the years following World War II, many American authors continued to grapple with its legacy and impact on society. Some, like Norman Mailer in "The Naked and the Dead" and Joseph Heller in "Catch-22," critiqued the absurdity and brutality of war. Others, such as Herman Wouk in "The Winds of War" and "War and Remembrance," sought to understand the broader historical context and consequences of the conflict.
Memory and Trauma World War II left a lasting imprint on the American psyche, and many literary works explore the themes of memory and trauma. Writers like Tim O'Brien in "The Things They Carried" and Art Spiegelman in "Maus" use fiction and graphic novels, respectively, to grapple with the lingering effects of war on individuals and society.
Key Authors of Post-World War II American Literature. Post-World War II American literature is a rich and diverse field, with many influential authors who have made significant contributions to the literary world. 1. Jack Kerouac: Kerouac was a novelist and poet who is often associated with the Beat Generation. His most famous work is "On the Road," which is considered a classic of post-World War II American literature. 2. J.D. Salinger: Salinger was a novelist and short story writer who is best known for his novel "The Catcher in the Rye." His works often deal with themes of alienation and disillusionment. 3. Toni Morrison: Morrison was a novelist and essayist who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1993. Her works often deal with themes of race, identity, and the African American experience. 4. Philip Roth: Roth was a novelist who is often associated with the Jewish American literary
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tradition. His works often deal with themes of identity, sexuality, and the human condition. 5. Sylvia Plath: Plath was a poet and novelist who is best known for her semi-autobiographical novel "The Bell Jar." Her works often deal with themes of mental illness, gender roles, and the search for identity. 6. Allen Ginsberg: Ginsberg was a poet and leading figure of the Beat Generation. His most famous work is the poem "Howl," which is considered a classic of postworld War II American literature. 7. Flannery O'Connor: O'Connor was a novelist and short story writer who is best known for her works that explore themes of morality, religion, and the human condition. 8. James Baldwin: Baldwin was a writer, essayist, and social critic who explored themes of race, sexuality, and identity in his work. His novels, such as "Go Tell It on the Mountain" and "Another Country," are considered classics of American literature. 9. Maya Angelou: Angelou was a poet, memoirist, and civil rights activist who explored themes of race, gender, and identity in her work. Her memoir "I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings" is considered a classic of American literature. 10. Kurt Vonnegut: Vonnegut was a satirical writer who explored themes of war, technology, and human nature in his work. His novel "Slaughterhouse-Five" is considered a classic of American literature.
Realism and "Metafiction" in Post War American Literature Realism and metafiction are two literary modes that have played significant roles in post-war American literature. Realism, as a literary mode, emphasizes the accurate and objective representation of the world, often through detailed descriptions of characters, settings, and events. In post-war American literature, many writers, such as John Updike, Raymond Carver, and Richard Yates, employed realism to explore themes of social and cultural change, as well as individual identity and relationships. On the other hand, metafiction is a literary mode that blurs the line between fiction and reality, often by drawing attention to the act of storytelling itself. Metafiction can be self-referential and self-conscious, and it often challenges the reader's assumptions about the nature of truth and fiction. In post-war American literature, many writers, such as John Barth, Thomas Pynchon, and Don DeLillo, used metafiction to explore themes of the fragility of identity, the power of language, and the nature of reality. The use of metafiction in post-war American literature was often a response to the changing cultural landscape of the time, which was marked by the rise of mass media, the Cold War, and the rapid changes in technology and society. Metafiction allowed writers to explore the limits of language and the construction of reality, as well as to question the nature of truth and authority.
Culture Change in Post-War American Literature. Postwar American literature also saw significant changes in ethnic, regional, and social character, as
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writers sought to reflect the diversity of American society and explore the complexities of identity. Post-war American literature reflected the growing diversity and complexity of American society, as writers from diverse backgrounds sought to explore issues of identity, culture, and social change. These changes have continued to shape American literature and culture in the decades since the postwar period.
Ethnic Character Change. The postwar years saw a rise in ethnic literature, as writers from diverse backgrounds sought to tell their own stories and challenge the dominant narratives of mainstream American literature. African American writers such as Toni Morrison and James Baldwin, Chicano writers such as Rudolfo Anaya and Sandra Cisneros, and Asian American writers such as Maxine Hong Kingston and Amy Tan all emerged as significant figures in postwar American literature.
Regional Character Change. The postwar years also saw a renewed interest in regionalism, as writers sought to explore the unique cultures and landscapes of different regions of the country. Writers such as William Faulkner and Flannery O'Connor were concerned with exploring the complexities of the American South, while Jack Kerouac and other Beat writers were interested in exploring the landscapes of the American West.
Social Character Change. The post-war years saw significant changes in American society, including the growth of the middle class and the rise of consumer culture. Writers such as John Updike and Richard Yates were interested in exploring the lives of ordinary Americans and the impact of social change on individual identity.
Conclusion
Post-World War II American literature was characterized by a diversity of styles and genres, from the experimental fiction of William S. Burroughs to the darkly humorous stories of Flannery O'Connor. Many writers of this period were also concerned with exploring the human psyche and the complexities of the human experience, as seen in the work of Sylvia Plath and John Cheever. Overall, post-World War II American literature was a period of great creativity and innovation, marked by a diverse range of themes, styles, and voices. It remains an important period in the history of American literature and continues to inspire and influence writers today. Overall, the literature of World War II in America encompasses a wide range of themes and perspectives, reflecting the complexity and significance of the conflict in both historical and cultural terms.
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Chirchiq davlat pedagogika universiteti Zamonaviy filologiya va lingvodidaktikaning dolzarb masalalari
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