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12ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ
THE ROLE OF TOURISM IN SHAPING THE QUALITY AND STANDARD OF LIVING OF THE POPULATION Urinbayeva YuJ.
Urinbayeva Yulduz Pirnazarovna - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Senior Teacher, DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMIC THEORY, SAMARKAND INSTITUTE OF ECONOMICS AND SERVICE, SAMARKAND, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the article emphasizes that improving living standards through the development of tourism services in the country is a key factor in the socio-economic development of the country. Keywords: tourism services, level being of population, quality of being, the high quality level of being, factors, prosperity, depositions of population, population incomes, minimum wage, faxes.
The main goal of any progressive system is its development strategy, improving the well-being of the population, ensuring the abundance of material goods and services, bringing people's consumption in line with their growing needs in terms of volume and content. Uzbekistan is no exception. Currently, the country has developed a GDP per capita through reforms aimed at improving the quality and standard of living of the population, implementation of large-scale and large-scale results in all socio-economic programs and plans for its implementation. the policy of bringing the country closer to the level. This is the ultimate goal of every industry and sector. including the role and importance of tourism.
In international practice, the Human Development Index - the Human Development Index - is used as a general indicator in assessing the standard of living of the population. In its calculation, the high-reform indicator represents the average of three key indicators: life expectancy, per capita GDP, which represent three key aspects of education quality (the development of the country, all three indicators over 25 years and older). Healthy life lengthens life expectancy, enhances the workforce in social production, leads to a dramatic increase in productivity across all sectors and sectors. Gross domestic product per capita reflects economic reforms in the well-being of the population, reflecting the positive changes taking place in meeting the physiological needs of human beings. The level of education determines the quality of the workforce, intellectual potential, cultural level, maturity and other socio-psychological aspects.
The highest HDI is equal to the HDI-1. To achieve this, the average life expectancy in the country is 85 years, and the GDP per capita should not be less than $ 40,000, and 100% of the population (over 25 years) should be educated.
According to 2017, Norway (0.953), Switzerland (0.944), Ireland (0.939), Germany (0.934) are among the countries in the world with this integral index (189 countries ranked). Currently, Nigeria (0.354), Central African Republic (0.367), South Sudan (0.388), Chad (90,464) are in last place in this ranking. In a simpler language, a Norwegian-born child can live 82 years and study for 18 years, whereas a Nigerian-born child can live 60 years and study only 5 years.
In Uzbekistan, the HDI is 0.710, which ranks 105th in the world. The GDP per capita in the country (according to foreign power) is US $ 6470, with a life expectancy of 71.4 years and a length of study of 12.0 years.
In the integral indicator of living standards and quality of Uzbekistan, the average life expectancy of the population is not much different from that of the leading world countries, but the GDP per capita differs greatly. While in some countries this figure is between $ 80$ 90,000, its level in Uzbekistan does not quite match the existing potential and real opportunities in the country.
In international practice, all three indices included in the calculation of the HDI are equally important. However, the role and significance of all three factors are not the same in shaping the quality and standard of living of the population. In our view, this is one of the serious deficiencies inherent in the global practice of determining the quality and standard of living of the population, and cannot fully address the problem of objective assessment of quality. In our view, the GDP per capita in these three factors should be crucial in shaping the standard of living and quality of life of the population. This factor strongly influences the real incomes of the population, its life expectancy, and the opportunities for education and training. Taking into account this aspect of the problem, the importance and necessity of increasing the GDP per capita in the improvement of living standards and the quality of life of the population in Uzbekistan will be even greater.
For the last two years the volume of scientific researches on the analysis of the theoretical and practical problems of development of tourism in the country has significantly expanded, the number of dissertations, monographs and scientific articles devoted to it is increasing.
The main focus of these studies is on the role of tourism in economic development of the country, strengthening its position in the national economy. However, the main role of our research in the field of tourism is its special role in improving the quality and standard of living of the population. Tourism affects the quality and standard of living of the population in several ways. In general, the following areas can be distinguished by the impact of the tourism industry on the living standards and quality of life.
First, the real income of the employed population. The tourism industry, as a particular type of human economic activity, generates significant income for tourism service providers, providing them with a share of national income. The number of tourists visiting Uzbekistan in 2017 was 1.5 million, while in 2018 their number increased to 4.8 million, more than tripled in the same period. Domestic tourism was also developing at a faster pace. Naturally, such major changes taking place in the flow of tourists will increase the incomes of the population by providing labor services to the tourists.
Secondly, those who are in all sectors and areas that meet the diverse needs of tourists outside the tourism sector, such as banking, finance, insurance, health care, cultural arts, and tourist security, will increase the workforce and increase the incomes of the population. Currently, the expansion of tourism in our country, the provision of new tourist services to tourists is considered to be the main focus of the tourism industry, the rapid development of domestic and foreign tourism. The President of Uzbekistan Sh.Mirzieyov emphasized this issue in his address to the Oliy Majlis (2018): "Tourism is often confined to our ancient cities, historical and cultural monuments. However, there is a great potential for the development of tourism in the unique nature of our country, national nature reserves, and mountainous areas. " At the same time, the development of eco-tourism and agrarian tourism will inevitably be one of the key factors in increasing the levels of the rural population.
Third, the creation of new jobs in tourism and tourism and in industries and sectors related to the production and reconstruction of goods and services to meet the needs of tourists. The development of tourism refers to the tourism industry (travel agencies, tourist accommodation companies) hotels, hotels, sanatoriums, organizations, etc. It allows creating new jobs in catering establishments (restaurants, canteens, cafes, bars, etc.), as well as in leisure and entertainment facilities. In addition, the industries and industries directly related to this sector include tourism, catering, transportation, and communications. In addition, new jobs have been created in industries and industries that are directly related to tourism. These are: airport, train station, embassy, insurance organizations, medical institutions, security and law enforcement services.
Fourth, the development of tourism leads to an increase in state budget revenues. In all spheres and spheres of cooperation in tourism and in meeting the needs of tourists, the volume of activity will increase, the revenues will be increased and the state budget
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revenues will increase accordingly. The Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh.Mirzieyov "On Additional Action Plan for Accelerated Tourism Development" envisages the approval of the concept of tourism development in Uzbekistan for 2019-2025. In accordance with the plan, the share of tourism in GDP will reach 5% by 2025, increasing the number of foreign tourists by 9-10 million, including the number of foreign tourists in our country to 2 million. It is planned to increase revenues from tourism services from $ 950 million to $ 212 billion, or by 2.3 times. According to experts, the volume of services provided to tourists exceeds the volume of production in industries and industries that are directly and indirectly connected with their goods and livelihoods. As a result of a sharp increase in tourism and related industries and industries, tax and other revenues to the state budget will also increase dramatically. The bulk of the state budget revenues are used to improve the quality of life for the broader population.
Fifth, the rapid development of tourism in the country will result in the development of social infrastructure, changes in cities and villages, which will attract tourists, and their modernization. One of the main conditions for attracting tourists in the country and development of tourism in general, is to provide them with a place to stay, to travel, to create great amenities to achieve their goals, to live in their own destinations, to travel and to achieve their goals. providing services that have a positive impact on the landscape and mood. That is why the hotel restaurants have the opportunity to rest, to meet the best world standards, to have the best quality equipment. Required to fit guests. All this will have a positive impact on the quality and standard of living of both tourists and locals.
Sixth, communication and relationships between tourists and locals are established. During the tour, the tourists will get acquainted with the customs and traditions of the local population, their historical heritage and culture, and will be able to communicate with them. In turn, the locals will have the opportunity to learn about the life of tourists, their history and culture, and to learn interesting facts about it. All of this will have a great positive impact on the quality of life not only of tourists, but also of the local population.
In addition to the above, tourism has a significant positive impact on the quality and standard of living of the population through the establishment of friendly relations between the peoples of different countries, as well as through education, new knowledge, experience exchange, life expectancy and more.
References
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