CC BY
17
УДК 140.8
Mirzaxolov N. T. department of social sciences Namangan State University
THE ROLE OF THE PHILOSOPHICAL WORLDVIEW IN THE CULTURAL AND SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIETY
Abstract: This article discusses the role of the philosophical worldview in the cultural and spiritual development of society.
Key words: society, cultural and spiritual development, philosophical worldview, personality, thinking
Worldview - a system of views, assessments and figurative ideas about the world and a person's place in it, the general attitude of a person to the surrounding reality and to himself, as well as the main life positions of people, their beliefs, ideals, principles of knowledge and activity, value orientations due to these views. The worldview gives human activity an organized, meaningful and purposeful character. What is the position of "I", such is the perception of the world, notes J.-P. Sartre.
Philosophy is a theoretically meaningful worldview. The word "theoretically" is used here broadly and implies the intellectual (logical, conceptual) elaboration of the entire complex of problems of worldview. Such understanding can be manifested not only in the wording, but also in the nature (method) of solving various problems. Philosophy is a system of the most general theoretical views on the world, the place of man in it, the understanding of various forms of man's relationship to the world. If we compare this definition with the definition of worldview given earlier, it becomes clear that they are similar. And this is not accidental: philosophy differs from other forms of worldview not so much in its subject matter, but in the way it is comprehended, the degree of intellectual development of problems and methods of approach to them. That is why, when defining philosophy, we used such concepts as a theoretical worldview, a system of views.
The term "worldview" is of German origin. Immanuel Kant (German: Weltanschauung) was the first to mention it, but he does not distinguish it from world outlook. Georg Friedrich Wilhelm Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit contains the notion of "moral worldview" (German: Die moralische Weltanschauung) in the title. The term acquires its modern meaning from Wilhelm Schellin. Dilthey singles out worldview as a special topic. Eduard von Hartmann introduces the worldview into the title of his work "The worldview of modern physics" ("Die Weltanschauung der modernen Physik", Lpz., 1902). The term came into the Russian language as a tracing paper (no later than 1902 [4]). At the same time, in Soviet times, the concept of worldview became the
main one for understanding philosophy. V. I. Lenin writes about the "monistic worldview" in his "Philosophical Notebooks". Already in 1923, A. M. Deborin (Ludwig Feuerbach. Personality and worldview) uses it.
Allocate ordinary worldview, scientific, philosophical, religious. From the point of view of the historical process, the following leading historical types of worldview are distinguished: mythological, religious and philosophical. [source not specified 91 days.
The mythological type of worldview is defined as a set of ideas that were formed in the conditions of primitive society on the basis of a figurative perception of the world. Mythology is related to paganism and is a collection of myths, which is characterized by the spiritualization and anthropomorphization of material objects and phenomena.
The mythological worldview combines the sacred (secret, magical) with the profane (public). Based on faith. Myths - translated from Greek -"narratives", "tales". It was the first attempt to explain the world, various phenomena of nature and society. The mythological worldview was formed on the basis of emotional-associative imagination. The myth combined: the rudiments of knowledge, religious beliefs, moral, aesthetic assessments. The myth linked the past with the future, served as a spiritual link between generations.
The religious worldview is based on belief in supernatural forces. Religion, in contrast to the more flexible myth, is characterized by rigid dogmatism and a well-developed system of moral precepts. Religion spreads and supports images of correct, moral behavior. Religion is also of great importance in uniting people, but here its role is dual: uniting people of the same confession, it often separates people of different faiths. Philosophical worldview is defined as system-theoretical. The main difference between the philosophical worldview and mythology is the high role of reason: if the myth is based on emotions and feelings, then philosophy is primarily on logic and evidence.
Philosophy one of the forms of worldview, as well as one of the forms of human activity and a special way of knowing, theory or science. Philosophy as a discipline studies the most general essential characteristics and fundamental principles of reality (being) and cognition, human being, the relationship between man and the world.
Philosophy (as a special type of social consciousness, or worldview) arose in parallel in ancient Greece, ancient India and ancient China in the so-called "Axial time", from where it subsequently spread throughout the world.
A philosophical worldview as a love of wisdom is formed when a person wants to understand what the world is like, who he is, how to live, what principles to follow in understanding the surrounding reality, in the structure of society and his life. The philosophical worldview has some common features with the religious one. But if, within the framework of religion, its statements are accepted on the basis of faith, they are not subject to any criticism, then in
philosophy, as a rule, they try in a consistently logical form to answer worldview questions, to substantiate their statements, while appealing not to the feelings of a person, not to faith but to his mind.
The philosophical worldview is a synthesis of the most general views on nature, society, and man. At the same time, philosophy does not stop there. Philosophy, as a rule, historically was not understood as a totality of knowledge once and for all, but as a striving for all deeper truth. With each new era, new approaches and solutions to "eternal questions" open up and new problems are posed. Philosophy reflects not only on what is, but also on what should be, how a person should live, how society should be organized, etc. All of the above shows the complexity of philosophical knowledge, explains the existence of various philosophical teachings (which often contradict each other).
Although mythological, religious and philosophical worldviews differ from each other, in the minds of individuals they can be combined in the most bizarre way. Practice shows that there are peculiar "border zones" between different types of worldviews, where they can come into contact with each other. In particular, there is a close relationship between certain philosophical concepts and religion.
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