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МЕДИЧН1 ПЕРСПЕКТИВЕ / MEDICNIPERSPEKTIVI
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CraTM Haimmna AO pe^aKuii 01.10.2019
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147-057.87:159.955 https://doi.Org/10.26641/2307-0404.2020.2.206342
THE ROLE OF STUDENTS' INDIVIDUAL WORK IN THE FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCES OF FUTURE DOCTORS
SE «Dnipropetrovsk medical academy of Health Ministry of Ukraine» Department of internal medicine 2 andphthisiology V. Vernadsky str., 9, Dnipro, 49044, Ukraine
ДЗ «Дн1пропетровська медична академ1яМОЗ Украти»
кафедра внутрШнъог медицины 2 i фтиз1атрй
(зав. - д. мед. н., проф. О. В. Курята)
вул. В. Вернадського, 9, Днтро, 49044, Укра'та
e-mail: dr.frolova81@gmail.com
Цитування: Медичт перспективы. 2020. Т. 25, № 2. С. 25-29 Cited: Medicniperspektivi 2020;25(2):25-29
Key words: professional competences, students' individual work, higher medical education
Ключов! слова: профестн1 компетенцИ, самостшна робота, вища медична oceima
Ключевые слова: профессиональные компетенции, самостоятельная работа, высшее медицинское
образование
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8. [Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. The concept of development of the pharmaceutical sector of the healthcare sector of Ukraine for 2011-2020]. 2013 March 27. No. 242. Available from: www.apteka.ua/article/225241
9. Reva TD. [Actual problems of training specialists in the pharmaceutical sector of health care in Ukraine]. Humanitarny Visnyk Pereyaslav-Hmelnytskogo Der-zhavnogo Pedagogichnogo Universytetu imeni Hryhoriya Skovorody. Gnozis. Kyiv. 2016;37:358-66. Ukrainian.
10. [75th International Congress of the International Pharmaceutical Federation (IPF) in Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2015]. Russian. Available from: http://www.mospharma.org/ru/novosti-fip/75-mezhdunarodnyy-kongress/
UDC 614.253.1/4:378.
O.V. Kuryta, K.H. Karapetian, Ye.O. Frolova, Yu.S. Kushnir
Abstract. The role of students' individual work in the formation of professional competences of future doctors. Kuryta O.V., Karapetian K.H., Frolova Ye.O., Kushnir Yu.S. Modern requirements for training of high-skilled specialists require the implementation of international medical and educational standards in the educational and integrative process. Formation of cognitive activity, pursuance ofprofessional development, the necessity to correspond to world standards medical students' of gained knowledge. Medical students' individual work is very important for medical students' education because it helps to systematize and use knowledge that was gained in practical classes. The aim of the work - to analyze the forms of students' individual work, used at in the Department of Internal Medicine 2 and Phthisiology, in order to improve the educational process and to form the future doctor's medical judgment, their ability to self-improvement and self-education. The recommended hours attempted for students' individual work is 90 out of the total of 240 hours assigned to the discipline in teaching the module "internal diseases" for the 5th year students at the Depertment of Internal Medicine 2 and Phthisiology. In studying the discipline of "internal diseases" in the 5th year one of the main tasks of medical student's occupation training is mastering ability of assimilation on his own, of knowledge and refresh it, and then to use knowledge effectively in the future career. The difference of the individual work lies in the fact that students can study individually choosing the necessary kind of extracurricular activity according to their interests. In addition, the lack of strict grading by the teacher has more advantages compared to practical classes. The curriculum, the teacher's tasks and methodological materials determine the content of the individual work. The article presents the three main directions of students' individual work in teaching discipline of "internal diseases" for students of the 5th year as: students' individual work in classroom learning, students' individual work individual work under the teacher's supervision. When discussing the results of individual work, students learn to think critically, communicate with each other, and make their own well-thought-out (educated) decision. Well-structured process of the individual work encourages medical students to its qualitative fulfillment and it is a significant motivation for further professional growth. Significant reserves to increase its efficiency inherent in the use of modern computer technology. Medical students' individual work should be considered as one of the necessary stages of a modern doctor training. The latest information technologies and individual scientific projects adoption into the educational process leads to efficiency improvement and it forms new future doctor's professional competences.
Реферат. Роль самостшноТ роботи студенев у формуванш професшних компетенцш у майбутшх . likapiit. Курята О.В., Карапетян К.Г., Фролова С.О., Кушшр Ю.С. Сучаст вимоги до тдготовки еисококеал1ф1-кованих спещалжт1в потребуютъ впровадження в освтнъо-ттегративний процес м1жнародних медичних та oceimuix cmaudapmie. Формування п1знавально'1 aKmueuocmi, прагнення до професшного розвитку, Heo6xidHicmb eidnoeidnocmi отриманих знанъ ceimoeuM стандартам у cmydenmie-MeduKie е надзвичайно актуальными. Самостшна робота cmydeumie мае особливе значения в навчант cmydenmie-MeduKie, допомагае системати-зуеати та еикористоеуеати знания, отримат на практичних заняттях. Мета роботи - проанал1зуеати форми caMocmiüHoi роботи cmydeumie, яю використовуються на кафедр1 euympirnuboi медицини 2 i фти-3iampi'i, для вдосконалення навчального процесу та формування у майбуттх лжар1в кл1тчного мислення, 3ÓamHocmi до самовдосконалення i caMooceimu. Рекомендоеаний обсяг СРС при викладанн1 модулю «Buympimui хвороби» для cmydeumie 5-го курсу на кафедр1 euympirnuboi медицини 2 i фтиз1атрй становить 90 годин Í3 загальних 240 годин, видшених на дисциплту. Одним з головних завдань професшного навчання cmydeumie-MeduKie при вивчент дисциплти «Buympimui хвороби» на 5-му Kypci е формування 3damuocmi самостшио засвоювати, знаходити та оновлювати знания та надал1 ефективно ix еикористоеуеати в майбутиш професшнт di^buocmi. BidMiuuicmb СРС полягае в тому, що студенти можуть працюеати на добровтъних засадах, обираючи ueo6xiduuü вид позааудиторноi роботи 3ziduo 3i ceoi'MU ттересами. Окр1м цъого, eidcymuicmb суворого ощнювання з боку викладача е бшьш виграшною пор1вняно з практичними аудиторними заняттями, проте не менш е1дпое1далъною. 3Micm СРС визначаеться навчальною програмою, заеданиями викладача i методичними матер1алами. У cmammi представлено три основт напрямки iudueidycrnbuoi роботи cmydeumie з викладання дисциплти "Buympimui хвороби " для cmydeumie 5 курсу: caMocmiuua робота cmydeumie на аудиторних заняттях, позааудиторна самостшна робота cmydeumie, самостшна no3aaydumopua робота nid контролем euKnada4a. При обгоеорент результат1е caMocmiuuoi роботи cmydeumu наечаються критично мислити, спшкуватися м1ж собою та приймати власт npodyMaui ршення. Правильно оргатзований процес caMocmiüHoi роботи заохочуе cmydenmie-MeduKie do Пяюсного виконання та е вагомим мотивуючим фактором do nodaлbшoгo професшного розвитку. Самосттну роботу cmydeumie-MeduKie ueo6xiduo poзгляdamu як oduu з ueo6xiduux emanie nidzomoeKU сучасного лкаря. Bnpoвadжeння в oceimuiu процес uoeimuix iнформацшних технологш та самостшних наукових npoeKmie npueodumb do покращення результативност1 та формуе uoei професшн1 компетенцИ в маибутн1х лжар1в.
In Ukraine, higher education undergoes permanent changes, which are connected with the search and review of both procedural and substantive training aspects of future specialists with higher medical education. Modern requirements for training
of high-skilled specialists require the implementation of international medical and educational standards in the educational and integrative process [12]. It also requires the professional, academic and intellectual development of future doctors, providing
MEffHHHI nEPCnEKTHBH / MEDICNIPERSPEKTIVI
them with modern innovative and informative medical technologies [4, 6]. The Strategy of Medical Education In Ukraine [9] was presented to the medical community in 2018 and approved by the government in 2019. It gives an idea about the prospects of higher medical education in Ukraine. In the coming years we expect further reduction of state orders, the decline in domestic training students for a payment, high competition for foreign student domestically and internationally.
There are different ways to increase the educational process efficiency in modern medical education [7]. One of these ways is the organization of medical students' individual work, is type of learning activity that provides planning and performing of defined tasks under the teacher's methodological supervision and control but without his or her direct participation [3]. Today there are extremely important the following points for medical students: the formation of cognitive activity, the pursuit of professional development, the necessity of gained knowledge to correspond to world standards of the future specialist. Ability and desire to study scientific-medical information, to analyze it basing on the evidence-based medicine principles, to work with the Internet resources, to have chances to apply the modern information technologies for solving professional problems, all of these set medical graduates' professional competency that promote their competitiveness in further professional activity [7].
Students' individual work is very important for medical students' education because it helps to systematize and use knowledge that was gained in classroom setings. And individual work is an important tool in improving clinicaljudgment of the future doctoraswell [11].
The aim of the work - to analyze the forms of students' individual work, which are used at the Internal Medicine 2 and Phthisiology Department, in order to improve the educational process and to form the future doctor's medical judgment, their ability to self-improvement and self-education.
MATERIALS AND METHODS OF RESEARCH
In the process of the work, we analyzed and systematized a lot of information material. We used a literary synthesis, structural and logical analysis, personal experience and abstract thinking taking into account the principles of systemic analysis and approaches.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
According to the new standards of higher medical education in Ukraine, a large part of the curriculum is devoted to students' individual work. It is due to the reducing number of lecture course hours
and because of the reduction of academic load. The recommended volume of students' individual work is 90 hours out of the total of discipline 240 hours in teaching the module "internal diseases" for the 5th year students at the Internal Medicine 2 and Phthisiology Department. Individual work is a special form of learning activity, which is aimed at the student's gained knowledge mastering, student's learning skills and training to work individually [5]. In studying the discipline of "internal diseases" in the 5th year one of the main tasks of medical student's occupation training is the mastering ability formation on one's own, grope for knowledge and refresh it, and then to use knowledge effectively in the future career. The content of the individual work is determined by the curriculum, the teacher's tasks and methodological materials.
The difference of the individual work lies in the fact that students can study individually choosing the necessary kind of extracurricular activity according to their interests. In addition, the lack of strict grading by the teacher has more advantages than practical classes [1]. This type of work allows the medical student to be more initiative and creative, and the teacher is in a role of assistant in this work organizing. As a rule, the results of individual work are performed by means of the following class presentations: section meetings, conferences, subject olympiads etc.
The main tasks of student's individual work are [7]:
1. Consolidation, improving and systematization of knowledge that was gained in practical classes; individual mastering of new learning material.
2. Formation of the professional competences within the educational and qualification requirements; the development of cognitive and research skills [11] and the development of skills of search and analysis of the obtained information; the formation of medical judgment and communication skills with patients, colleagues and management.
In this work the staff of the department uses such kinds of individual work in teaching the discipline of "internal diseases" for students of the 5th year as:
I. Students' individual work in classroom hours. According to the topic of practical classes students work with thematic patients, collect patient's complaints, medical and life history by themselves. Students also examine the patient, make provisional diagnosis and make a plan of examination and treatment; use communication skills with the patient as well. During the learning course every student receives a patient and follows him up with. The student observes the dynamics of clinical and laboratory values, dynamics of instrumental methods of diagnosis that allows assessing the efficacy of
prescribed research methods and treatment, fills in case history presents it to the teacher and defends.
II. Students' individual work (self-stydy with) the received data includes: making of lecture notes and drafts; additional familiarization with the clinical guidelines and the clinical protocol for the patients' follow-up in accordance with leading world medical societies in internal medicine. Individual work also includes individual preparation for the final lessons, practical skills, pre-examination testing based on Step 2 tasks and the final exam.
III. Students' individual work under the teacher's supervision (work in a students' scientific circle or individual studies with a teacher [2]) includes preparation of an informational oral report message or in multimedia form; making educational films; in-depth study of learning material with followed by further participation in the subject olympiad in the "internal diseases" discipline; research work under teacher's supervision which is realized during working in a students' scientific circle [11] and the presentation of obtained results as publications and/or speaking at conferences and at the annual All-Ukrainian competition in clinical medicine for students and young scientists [10].
When discussing the results of individual work, students learn to do critical thinking, communicate with each other, and make their own well-thought-out (educated) decision.
Students' individual work is the most complex form of organization of the educational process, which requires a modern material and technical facilities, appropriate scientific, methodological and pedagogical support, taking into account the students' needs for self-realization. Well-structured process of the individual work encourages medical students to its qualitative fulfillment and it is a significant motivation for further professional growth. Significant reserves to increase its efficiency inherent in the use of modern computer technologies [8].
CONCLUSIONS
Students' individual work is an important and effective organizational method of the teaching and learning process in the modern higher medical school. Introduction of the latest information technologies and individual scientific projects into the educational process leads to efficiency improvement and forms new professional competences of future doctors. By providing an opportunity for individual study many-sided man future specialist is formed, self-confidence and ability to make decisions are developed. Medical students' individual work should be considered as one of the necessary stages of a modern doctor training.
Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Стаття надшшла до редакцп 20.01.2020
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