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THE ROLE OF SMART PHONES IN OUR LIFE:
PROS AND CONS
Kurmanbek T.,
Senior lecturer of the Department of the Languages Kaldarova A. K.
Kazakhstan, Almaty, the International Information Technologies University
Abstract. The intention of this research is to understand the negative aspects of smart phones. The research will focus on impact of smart phone on education, health area, human psychology and social life. Smart phone addiction is a great concern, and even more concerning is how young people are becoming addicted to their smart phones. As individuals become more involved with this addiction, they spend more time on it and eventually lose touch with the outside world. Human connection is important for both physical and mental well-being, and we lose this when we spend more time on our phone than interacting with those around us.
Keywords: technology, smart phone, health problems, smartphone addiction, applications,
survey.
The main topic of our research is the role of our smart phone in our life. As we know smart phones have become a major part of our everyday life. Most of us use smart phone every day to surf the internet, check emails, manage calendars, listen to music, play games, watch videos, take photos, read the news, write text messages and also, every use it for their original purpose, to make phone calls. The world existing without smart phones is difficult to imagine to users now.
As we know this advanced gadget has many benefits, but there are also some disadvantages which unknown to some users. The main targets of our research are to show to the students the disadvantages of the smart phone and ways that helps to avoid from bad consequences of smart phone. The hypothesis is people never stop using smart phone despite of harmful effects of it. The above hypothesis has been tested by using the method of a simple survey.
Tibi Puiu in "Your smart phone might be making you stupid" (2015) states that people who excessively rely on their smart phones scored lower on tests which gauged cognitive abilities like analytical thinking than those who use their smart phones less frequently. The psychologists at University of Waterloo suggest that using smart phones to find answers to questions - difficult or not - via search engines makes you lazy and less apt at solving problems. Nathaniel Barr, the other lead author of the paper, and a postdoctoral researcher at Waterloo announces that decades of research has revealed that humans are eager to avoid expending effort when problem-solving and it seems likely that people will increasingly use their smart phones as an extended mind. (as cited in Tibi, 2015, para.4) The author have pointed out that our reliance on smart phones and other devices will likely only continue to rise and it's important to understand how smart phones affect and relate to human psychology before these technologies are so fully ingrained that it's hard to recall what life was like without them.
As co-lead author Gordon Pennycook, a doctoral candidate in the psychology department at the University of Waterloo in Canada notes that they may look up information that they actually know or could easily learn, but are unwilling to make the effort to actually think about it. (Robert, 2015, para.2) According to Robert the researchers assessed the thinking styles and smart phone use of 660
people to compare analytical and intuitive thinkers. Intuitive thinkers tend to use gut feelings and instinct when making decisions, while analytical thinkers give much more thought to solve problems. Being too lazy to use your mind to problem-solve could have serious consequences for your brain as you age, the researchers suggested. (para.4)
Health problems
We have to pay attention to the negative impacts of the smart phone. There are many health problems (Aran, 2015).
• Text Neck
Text Neck is a term used by doctors or physicians to describe the spinal disorder arising out of excess usage of smart phones. Normally, if the head is placed upright, there is no stress on the neck part of spine. But to read and text on smart phones, people tend to bend their necks up to 60 degrees. This increases the pressure on the neck. Long term usage of smart phones bring forth neck pain related to spine and hence, can be called spinal disorders. According to a survey published in Washington Post, around 80 percent of adult users suffer from this text neck pain.(as cited in Aran, para. 2)
• Vision Loss
Reading small fonts on a smart phone can disturb your vision permanently. This problem happens as your eyes are strained constantly by looking at the blue light coming out of the smart phone. Reading or using smart phones during absence of external light further boosts the problem. Your vision becomes poor and you might have to go for glasses. (para. 4)
• Wrist Problems
Another problem that comes with over usage of smart phones is the wrist problem. The way we hold smart phones for long durations, strains the wrist. People usually hold their phones using last three fingers and the thumb while using the forefinger for performing actions on the smart phone screens. Retaining the posture for longer durations every day tends to create pain in the wrist. (para. 6)
• Numb Fingers
Similar to the above problem and for the almost same reasons, fingers of smart phone users become numb and produce a tingling sensation. Holding the phone places stress from the elbows to the fingers. The hands above elbow experience slower blood circulation and if not corrected immediately, can have long lasting effects. The forefinger too experiences the same and becomes numb after a while. (para. 8)
Also according to Amanda Hawkins (2015, para. 6) staring at the tiny font in your texts and scrolling through dozens of tweets can lead to eyestrain, blurred vision, dizziness, and dry eyes. And blurred vision plus sore neck muscles can also cause headaches.
Finally, using smart phones for a long time causes health problems. As smart phone users are increasing and they spend more time on their phones, recently many people feel pain and visit the doctor for treatment of overuse related injuries. But there are even more potential risks. Especially, for students who have not reached puberty, concentrating on smart phones and playing games could bring about imbalances in brain development. When the brain develops in youth, the left brain develops first and then right brain develops. But smart phones accelerate the growth of the left brain only, so it can hinder right brain development and causes imbalances. Also, having a stooped posture causes the possibility of having cervical disc injuries. As smart phones have been popularized, the number of patients is increasing.
Smartphone addiction
In Smartphone addiction Mike states that Smartphone addiction has garnered considerable attention as of late, due to its potential to lead to addiction. Smart phones can even more addictive than TV because of its mobile nature. (2015, para.1) Addiction to smart phones can be defined as excessive preoccupations and urges of behavior that can lead to psychological distress and impairments in daily life. For example, someone addicted to their phone may check it constantly and experience separation anxiety when not able to check notifications. Media addiction can lead to depression, decreased well-being, and substance use. Further, the more you become addicted, the more likely you are to lose social ties, thus inducing loneliness. There are several factors that could contribute to smart phone addiction. The first is self-control. As you can probably guess, low self-control is associated with smart phone addiction (para.2).
One of the smart phone addiction's symptoms is a lack of concentration. Most applications are useful and fun, but also have side effects. Before the invention of smart phone, people used text
messages. However, mobile messengers now enable people to send free messages wherever they can get Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) access. Without the burden of cost, people keep sending messages even if they have tasks to do or have no urgent matters to talk about. ( Park Su-Jeong, Ha Sun-Jin, 2012, para.2) Smartphone addiction can also lead to an SNS addiction which is also called 'cyber life obsession.' SNS addiction means that one is obsessed with it and wants to form an ideal SNS image of oneself. It is different from game addiction which makes addicts to escape from reality. SNS addiction comes from the joy of interaction with others( Park Su-jeong, Ha Sun-jin, 2012, para.3).
Materials and Procedures
To prove our hypothesis, we carried out a simple survey among students. The survey respondents are twenty five students ranging in age 18-25 to generate qualitative and quantitative data. The survey procedure consisted of the 5 stages: Survey design: selection of the survey type; Making up the questionnaire and interview sample; Conduct of the survey; Analysis of the survey results; Interpretation of the survey findings.
Results
The findings were processed statistically and are presented graphically in the Diagrams below. As we took survey from students their age was 18-25. Diagram 1 shows: almost all students use smart phones.
Do you use smart phones?
Diagram 2 shows: most users use phone 2-4 hours and above 8 hours.
0 3 4
Diagram 3 shows: 83.3% people use calling for everyday. Others use it rarely.
Diagram 4 presents: only 2 users never use phone for surfing the Internet. 12 users often spend their time in the Internet.
Diagram 5 presents: 61.1% users listen to music every day. However 15% of users don't listen to music from phones.
Diagram 6 shows that about 45% of students feel bad themselves if they don't have phones. About 28% of students don't think about it. It's ok for only 11.1% of people What do you feel when you are without mobile phones?
Most people think the negative impacts of phone are that people can be addicted to it. Other 5 students answered it is bad for our health. And 3 other students think it influences on the interaction between people.
Write about Negative impacts of smart phones
Addiction 6 40%
Harm til for yo ur he allh 5 25^
Ncl real i ntera tiio n will peop le 3 15|::
Decrease your physical a ctiviiy 3
Other 1 6%
Respondents' answers to the interview are:
1) I use my phone almost everywhere, my phone becomes like part of my life, because it should be always with me without my phone I feel myself that I need something. I use my phone to call, to take photo, for chatting, internet, etc
2) I know phone has a lot of disadvantages. First of all for our eyes, I mean all our health Secondly nowadays all people waste their time (games, social network, etc)
3) I exactly know that we need phone definitely in future also but in optimized form I mean without harmful impacts.
Based on the above data it can be concluded that the smart phone is becoming part of our life. Now people tend to use modern gadgets. The results show that almost all students have smart phone which helps to do many tasks such as calling to someone, surfing information etc. People should know about negative impacts on health because health is the most important.
Briefly, smart phones have impacts on people's lives both positively and negatively. From the information provided it can be conclude that smart phones are definitely changing the society in both productive and unproductive ways. On the positive side, smart phones assist on productivity, effective time usage and energy efficiency. On the negative side, they are changing the norms of society in a wrong way. Young people have changed on how they see and value their smart phones that they have become so addicted to their devices plus the features that they offer that they cannot sleep without them. People need to wake up and realize what is going on and need to take control because smart phones as any other technological products, will always have issues, complications, troubles, and challenges that demand to be. More importantly, people need to use smart phone features to their benefit. As long as people are using smart phones constantly, they grant their device to impact their lives both positively and negatively. It mostly comes to an individual's liability to make the best his or her device and take control of the life he or she leads.
REFERENCES
1. Tibi, P. (2015, March 10).Your smart phone might be making you stupid. Retrieved from http://www.zmescience.com/science/psychology-science/smartphone-more-stupid-03432/
2. Preidt, R.(2015, March 5).Could Smart phones Lower Intelligence?. Retrieved from http://consumer.healthday.com/cognitive-health-information-26/brain-health-news-80/could-smartphones-lower-intelligence-697185 .html
3. Arun, K.(2015, January 29).Health problems caused by Smart phones overuse. Retrieved from http://www.thewindowsclub.com/health-problems-smartphones-overuse
4. Hawkins, A. (2014, June 10).5 Seriously Bad Side Effects of Your Smartphone Addiction.
Retrieved from http://www.goodhousekeeping.com/health/wellness/a24269
/smartphonesyndrom
5. Mike(2015, September 10).Smartphone Addiction. Retrieved from https://whypsychologymatters.wordpress.com/2015/09/10/smartphone-addiction/
6. Park Su-jeong, Ha Sun-jin(2012, June 4).Smartphone, Attractive but Dangerous . Retrieved from http://www.dgupost.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=1269
APPLICATION GAME THEORY IN CONSTRUCTING THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THREATS AND COMPLEX SYSTEMS OF INFORMATION SECURITY
PhD, Doctor of Technical Sciences Toliupa Sergii, PhD Lukova-Chuiko Nataliia
Ukraine, Kiev, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
Abstract. Providing the necessary level of security of information systems when the value of its overcoming is bigger than the value of information which is needed to get or when during receiving the information it becomes out-of-date. That's why the task is to define the appropriate level of security: it's important to choose correctly one or another sufficient level of defense on which dispenses, risk and extent of possible damage is not destructive. The solution of this problem is the task of the analysis of risks, huge attention to which is paid while the development of the system of information defense for creation of the strategy of defense. Appropriate decisions in the conditions of the risks and uncertainty requires big amount of calculations. Such conditions are stipulated by the amount and the nomenclature of statistic data which characterize the work of the real systems of information defense within the CSIS. Such disadvantage of information increase the amount of ways of development of situations and which of them must be analyzed which becomes possible applying the theory of games. Creation of the mathematic model of relations of menaces and systems of information defense can be done on the basis of the conventional game of two or more players which can be effectively solved using information technologies.
Keywords: complex system of information security (CSIS), mathematical theory of games, game of two or more players, threats, strategy, matrix, biamatrix game.
