Ինստիտուտների դերը դրանց ազդեցությունը ձեռնարկատիրության վրա

Թարփոշյան Հակոբ Վ.

Регион и мир, 2021, № 6

ЬЬиш^шпьшЬЬр^ цЪрр U. цршЬд mqqbgnLpjnLbp 5bnbmp^mrn^pnLpjmb 4РШ

^S^: 334.06 Фш^фпушЬ ^шЦпр ^.

щЪшшЦшй Цшпш^шрйшй шЦшцЪй^ш]^, шищ^ршЬт,

hakobtarposhyan@paara.am

^шЬqnLgшpшnhp" bburn^rnnLrnbhp, ¿hnbmp^mrn^pnLpjnLb, rnbrnhum^mb шб, ^bum^rnnLrnbhp^ uщhйщfrnLй, фпрйш^ к п фпрйш^ ^bum^rnnLrnbhp

Роль институтов и их влияние на предпринимательство

Тарпошян Акоб В.

Аспирант кафедры Академии государственного управления Республики Армения (Ереван, РА)

hakobtarposhyan@paara.am

Аннотация: Институты являются ключевой отправной точкой для выявления различий между странами, которые существенно влияют на экономический рост и развитие. Тем не менее, ряд вопросов в этой области все еще требует выявления и решения.

В рамках данного исследования, в первую очередь, была изучена и проанализирована сущность институтов. Мы также сравнили результаты различных литератур о важности, влияние и двусторонние отношения на формальные и неформальные институты, что может служить методологией для дальнейших научных исследований и статистических анализ. Кроме того, представлен аналитический обзор избранных вкладов в изучение институтов, экономического роста и предпринимательства. Последнее может стать новой перспективой для дальнейших исследований в сфере предпринимательства в Армении.

Ключевие слова: Институты, предпринимательство, экономический рост, определение институтов, формальные и неформальные институты.

The role of institutions and its' impact on entrepreneurship

Tarposhyan Hakob V.

Ph.D. Student at the Public Administration Academy of the Republic of Armenia (Yerevan, RA)

hakobtarposhyan@paara.am

Abstract: Institutions are the key starting point for the differences between countries, which significantly affects economic growth and development. However, a number of issues in the field still need to be identified and resolved. In the framework of this research, first, the the essence of institutes were studied and analyzed. Further, we compared the findings in different strands of the literature on the importance, impact and bidirectional relationship on formal and informal institutions, which can serve as a methodology for further scientific research and statistical analysis. This paper provides also an analytic review of selected contributions to the study of institutions, economic growth and entrepreneurship, which can become a new perspective for further research in the field of entrepreneurship in Armenia. Key words: Institutes, Entrepreneurship, Economic Growth, Definition of Institutions, Formal and Informal Institutions

bburn^rnnLrnbhpp ^-nLq^u Ъпррр ишк йшЬ^й tp прщЬи «йшрцкшЬд Цпрй^д ^шЩшй ишМшЬшфшЦпЫЬЬр, прпЬр ЦшппгдпЫ ЬЬ шЬшЬишЦшЬ, ршршршЦшЬ к ипд^ш]шЦшЬ фп^шршрЬр^р^ЬЬЬрр»: Ъпррр щЬцпЫ tp, пр ^Ьит^т^тЬЬрр <«ишр^ ЦшЬпЬЬЬрЬ» ЬЬ к цршЬр ^йрш^пр^^й ЬЬ &кшЦшpq4ш& (щ|ип^Ьт" фпрйш|) к ^&кшЦшpq4ш& (ш|ип^Ьт" п фпрйшО ^Ьит^тпгтЬЬр^ [26, t?bp 3, 36]: Uju ишМшЬпЫр hшЬq^uшЬnLй t шпш^Ь рЬцтЬЬф qшuшкшpqnLйp тЬтЬиш-qbmbbpfr 2Р2шЬпЫ [3, t? 492; 6, t? 3; 34, t? 4]:

Ъпррр иЦипЫ t ш|Ь йтр^д, пр шртшцрпг-р]шЬ q^febbbp^ ЦпгтшЦпЫр й^ш|Ь й^?шЬ^ш! цштйшп t тЬтЬишЦшЬ qшpqшдйшЬ hшйшp: Ъш шпш? t рш2^й шбр ^ршЬпр Цшппгд^ш&р^

шпЦшпр^Ь qшpшфшpp (ор^Ьшк рЬтшЬ^рр, щЬтт.р_]^Ьр, hшuшpшЦшЦшЬ ЦшqйшЦЬpщnL-р_)т.ЬЬЬрр к шцЬ) к Ь2пЫ, пр йшрцкшЬд ?шЬрЬрк йшрцкшфЬ к ф^ф^ш^шЬ Цшщ^тшф, ^Ь^щЬи Ьшк Ьпршршрт^шЬ nL Ьпр тЬ^Ьп-до^шЬЬр^ йЬ? ЬЬрцр^йЬЬр^ 2шт кшй фЬЬщ щш]йшЬш4пр4ш& t hЬЬg ш|и Цшп^д-^ш&рпф прр ршркшдшй t ^Ьит^т^тЬЬр^д к цршЬд кЬршп^йр шщшhn4np й^?пдЬЬр^д [26, t?Ьp 3, 4, 134]:

Сшр^ЬшкЬп^ й^трр, Ъпрр фшит^й t, пр йшрцкшЬд Цпрй^д ^qtok^^^fr рп!пр qnp&nLЬhnLpJnLЬЬЬpp" тЬтЬит.р^Ь^д й^к ищпрт, mjq кшп^д^ш&р^ шпЦш^р^Ь шрщ^Ьр ЬЬ [27, t? 48]:

"Unph]jmt tfpgmtmk

"Unp |tum|mnLg|ntmi mtmhumq|mnL-pjrntp hmtq|umtnLtf t mtmhumq|mm^mt pm^m^mt|t pmptf nLqqnLpjnLt, pmt| np mjt u^uhi t Skm^np^hi tf|mjt tmfanpq qmp| 60-m^mt p^m^mtthp|t [22, t? 19]: Wp |tum|-mnLg|ntmi mtmhuq|mnLpjmt nLunLtftmu|-pmpjmt mnmtgpmj|t fatq|pthp|t k mjq nLqqnLpjnLtthp| ^mpknp thp^mjmgnLg|^thp|t ^mph|| t 6mtnpmtm]_ Q-ftm^mm^hp 1-mtf:

1. bnp frhumfrmnLgfrnhui mhmhuq^mmpjmh niumihmu^pnLpjmh unuhgpujfrh fahqfip&hpp k uyq nujijiiLjctjiniihh/iji l/iu/ilui/i fihfilfiuiiugnigfi^iihfifi [30, ts> 15]

3 J

e tT 5

f n

J3

5 11

Lnp uitiinbuiul)iuti u|uiuiiJnLpjnLli (Irnpp, vbnqb), H-ujiT.tipi|>npr|.)

<iuUpmj|iU QUuiprufajrutj Ll

j3uiqnij)wl|uAi inbinbunL|aj!uti (PjnLfibtlbll, Q-UJ[nl), 0[unll, Pbjpu)

Tjnp ung[nu[Lul(uuU uitiinbumq.[iinnLp-jnLti

(PM»p)

Ung[iw[wl|ujti l|iuLi|fiiniiiL (^lnLUltlLUJ, -Pn[ljLull)

S-np&uipgfi Siufuubpfi in ti in buwq.fi in nL|ajmti (■PnLq, Lnpp, DL|-||JLULSuntl)

UblflUll|lutinLpjUit4 [ipWl|ruUg[l q_p iuL| mil mpj lull (U^jLiiti, O-bJubg)

LintbLjinfiil q.np6nr[nL|3jnLljljbpfi

uiburiLfajriLb

(Ouinpnd, 0[unli, Ciupr).|nlj)

S b r\b Lj uu in ijn Lja-j uj b in ti in b u uu qji in n l[aj n lIi (QL(bpLn^), Umfic(.Lbp, Cin|iq[}ig)

hpiui[nLtip Li intiinbuLuq.[iLnni[ajnLtj (Tlnqlibn)

^hmg t t^mmh]_, np m^m&qm^mt mtmhum-q^mnLpjnLtp t^mqmqnLjt qhp t mmi^u ^tum^-mnLmthp^t (^t^^hu op^tm^" uh^m^mtnLpjmt ^pm^nLtg^ ^tum^mnLm^ mthpmdh2mnLpjnLtp 2nL^mjm^mt mtmhunLpjmt qnpfth^nL hmtfmp) [32, t? 2]: ^pmt hm^mnmk HL^ym^untp ^tum^-mnLmthp^t m^hg mnmtgpmj^t t2mtm^nLpjnLt" mnm? gm2hin4 mju^hu ^n^mft «qnpftmpp^ 6m^-uhp^» («cost of transacting») qmqm^mpp [35, t? 233]: Gum tpm mhumpjmt qnpftmpg^ ftmfauhpp npn2^nL^ ht ^tum^mnLmthp^g ^m^^mft k hm&q^um&nL^ ht mtmhum^mt qmpqmg^mt pmtmj^t [35, t? 233]: U^hl^t, fanpmgthp^ HL^um^unt^ qmqm^mpp, tp^^ Uph^p, hht^h-in^ ^npu^ ^mg^ ^pm1, hmpgm^mt^ mm^ t qtnL^

mnmtg ^tum^mrnmthp^ mpmmqpnLpjmt, pm2^^mt k uqmnJmt qnjnLpjnLt

nLthtmip [32, t? 11]:

frrnu hmjmt^ ^tum^mnLg^ntmi mtmhum-qhm Uihpum&qp Uihpum&qpn^^^ UnLqmtp ^tqnL^ t, np ^tum^mnLmthpp nLtht npn2nL^-thp^ hm^m^mpq^mt qnpftmnnijp [36, t? 15]:

"Unph]jmt ^h^ mj]_ ^pgmtm^m^^p, hmjmt^ mtmhumqhm ^mjh^p ^tum^mnLm-

thp^ ^mu^t munL^ tp, np qpmtf hmfim^ &km^np^nL^ ht n^ ph tfmpq^mtg npkt ^^p^ ^nq^^g ^mt^m^mmft^mft qnpftnqnLpjnLtthp^2, mj]_ pmqmpm^mt mjt^^u^ qnp&ptpmgthp^

1 ^npup ^tqmp tp np" «hmumpm^nipjnLfrfr mnmtg ^tum^mnLmthp^ pmnu^ tfh? ^hmjmt^^»

2 Op^tm^" tm qmfrnLtf tp np ^tum^mnLmthp^ ^n^n^nLpmbp mhq^ t nLbhtrntf ptm^mt qnpdptpmgthp^ mpqjnLfrprntf. tm mi]|iu tp «JifrpfrmpnL^ ^mpq»

("spontaneous order") mt^mtnL^p

Регион и мир, 2Q2Î, M б

шpцJnLÜ£nLÚ, npnüg pш4шpшpnLÚ hü 2шhш-qpqpn Inpúhpp 2шhhpp: ^ш hhm úhlmhp üш фшumnLÚ tp, np topq^üg faúpp Inpúpg Цшü^шúmшö4шö püumpmnLmühpp Ú2шlnLÚp ünijü^hu hüшpш4npnLpJnLÜühp t, ü^mp nLÜhüшlnф np gшüЦnLpJшü qh^pnLÚ hшúш-^pqni^ ^phip t q^mш4npJШl ühpúnLÓhi püumpmnLmühp, npnüg üш^шщhu щlшüш-^np^ö hü pü^-np úшpqЦшüg Цшй ^nnijgühp^

Upqhü ü2hg^üg, np püumpmnLmühpp шúhüшmшpшö4шö qшuшЦшpqnLÚp цpшüg ^úpш4npnLÚü t фnpúшL (Jiü^hu oppüшl" uшh-úшüшцpnLpJnLÜühpp, ophügühpp, ppш4nLÜ£Ühpp к mjiü) к n фnpúшl püumpmnLmühpp (Jiü^hu oppüшl" Ú2шЦnLJpp, un^npnijpühpp, ш4шüqnLJp-ühp к mi]ü) [26, t? 4]: Up 2ШPE mhuшpшüühp hшüqhl hü mjü úmgpü, np фnpúшl к n фnpúшl püumpmnLmühpp uhpmnphü Цшщ^шй hü úpú^üg hhm, püq npnLÚ щщ Цш^ шpmш-hmjm^nLÚ t üшк üpшünф np n фnpúшl_ püumpmnLmühpp шqqhgnLpJnLÜp ^pnp t шpmшhшJm4hl n ú^jü шд üшк

фnpúшL püumpmnLmühpp úp?ngn^ [31, t? 217; 26, t?hp 89, 115]:

Пф]Jшúunüp ünijü^hu шщ ^pöpp^ü tp: Ъш щьцпы tp, np фnpúшl_ püumpmnLmühpp фп^^1п1- hшúшp щшhшü?4nLÚ t 2rnm ш^ф ^pfi dшúшüшЦ, gшü n фnpúшl_ püumpmnLm-ühpp hшúшp: Ъш Ü2nLÚ t, np n фnpúшL püumpmnLmühpp ^pnp hü faшüqшphl ^rnú ^pшühl фnpúшl püumpmnLmühpp фпфп^ПГ-pjnLÜühpp [35, t?hp 597-599]: ujl lhp^ шцш0, шpqJnLÜш4hm ung^^^ü ünpúhpp, pü^pupg hü" шqü4nLpJnLÜp, gpmüш?шü ш2^шmшügp ^rnú InnnL^g^k ^pnp hü ü^qhgühi ^rnú pЬqhшЦшnшЦp ш4hl_шgühl_ qnpöшp£p öш^uhpp к шщ-щ^п^ шpшqшgühl_ ^ú qшüqшphgühl_ prnpàp шpmшqpnpшЦшünLpJшúp hшúшlшpqp umhpônLÙp [26, t? 138]:

Uju úpmgp ^phjp t ühp^rnirngühi щшpqш-qnLjü oppüшЦn4: fepp^^ni^rnü ünp ^ünüp, oppüшl" шúpшqnmpü qghjni. ophügp, pü^p, pum tnip^^ фnpúшl_ püumpmnLm t, mшpphp dшúш-ürn^ühpnLÚ ühpqp^hi t mшpphp hplpühpnLÚ, urn^rnjü шЦühшJm t, np hшuшpшЦnLpJшü Inpúpg ^ш püqnLÜnLÚp к lppшnnLÚp, rnprnq ^ú qшüqшp, pшül ^ú tdrnü ipüh^p, Цш^^шй t rn^ü^pup n фnpúшl püumpmnLmühppg, pü^pupg hü oppürnk InnnL^g^k lpp^-önLpJшü úшЦшpqшЦp, hrn^rnmgp к шцк

bü^hu шpqhü Ü2^hg, nф]Jшúunüp ünijü^hu hшúnq4шö tp, np n фnpúшl püump-mnLmühpp rnünLpprn^p шqqhgnLpJnLÜp hшúhúш-mшpшp ш4hlp ùhô t, 2шü фnpúшl_ püumpmnLm-ühpp qh^gnLÚ к ш]^ шqqhgnLpJnLÜü rnpmrn-hшJ4mnLÚ t hhüg фnpúшl püumpmnLmühpp

úp?ngn^: ^púü^hin^ Ъnppp mhunLpJшü ^prn" ПLp^Jшúunüp шnш?шpЦhg hшJhgшЦшpqшJpü úp únqh]_, npnLú püumpmnLmühpp qшuшЦшpq4nLÚ hü ^npu úшЦшpqш4p hphpшp^pшJp úh? к npmhp JnLpШgШÜ^JnLp úшЦшpqшЦ UшhÚшÜшфшЦnLÚ-ühp t H-bniú ühpgкnLÚ qmü^np püumpmnLmühpp hrnúrnp (qöшщшmЦhp 2) [35, t? 597]:

bp únqhpLú ПLpuшúunüp n^ фnpúшL püump-mnLmühpp qшuшЦшpqnLÚ t ühprnn^rnönLpjnLÜ" «Embeddedness» pшnn4, к ^bqnLú t, np qpшüg фnфn^nLpJшü hшúшp rnühprndh2m t hшpJnLppg úpü^к hшqшp mrnpp, gшüp np qpшüg hшuшpш-^nLpKjrnü úh? шúhüш^npp шpúшmш4np4шö Цшpqhpü hü:

bp^pnpq úшЦшpqшЦnLÚ, rn^u^hu «^шцр фnpúшl Цшünüühpü hü», nppü hrn?np-qnLú hü шühшmühpp úp?к фn^hшpшphpnL-pjnLÜühpp uшhúшünp «llшnш4шpnLÚp»: Ъ2^ш0 hphgp шqqnLÚ hü ^hp?pü" ^nppnpq úrnlrnpqrnlp ^pш, rn^ü t" nhunLpuühpp prn2^nLúp, ш]^ p^n^ú" úшpqlшüg úшuüшqpmшlшü pümpnLpjnLÜp [14, t? 566; 35, t?hp 597-598]:

bulшщhu, n^ фnpúшl_ püumpmnLmühpp lшpкnp hü qшpqшgúшü hшúшp, ú^üm-jü dшúшüшl, ^hmg t h^2hi, np qprnüg шqqhgnL-pjnLÜp t püumpmnLmühppg, ш]^. p^n^ú"

úp?ш4шJpnLÚ фnpúшL püumpmnLmühpp qhppg к lшpкnpnLpJnLÜpg [13, t?hp 1, 16, 17]: UpqjnL-üш4hm püumpmnLmühpp hшúшlшpqp к hшúщщшmщu^щü фnpúшl_ к n^ фnpúшl_ püumpmnLmühpp lшnnLgnLÚp inLp? úшpmш-hpш4hp t, grnüp np t qnpöшpgшJpü

^n2np öш^uhpp hhm к ^rnhrnü?nLú t фnpúшl к n^ фnpúшL püumpmnLmühpp úp?к фn^hшpш-phpnLpjnLÜühpp úrnüprnlpl^m nLunLÚüшuppnL-pjnLÜ [25, t? 319]: Ujq фn^hшpшphpnLp)nLÜ-ühppg p^np úp 2ШP2 hhmкшügühppg lшü rnjü^pupühpp, npnüg pшpqшgünLÚ hü шpqJnL-üш4hm püumpmnLmühpp umhpónLúp, pü^^hu oppüшl, hшuшpшlnLp)шü hrnúrnp lшJnLЬnLp)шü qqшgnLÚp, щшmúшlшü щшJÚшüühpp rnqqhgnL-pjnLÜp, bnp фnpúшl к hpü n^ фnpúшl püump-mnLmühpp úp?к pш^nLÚp [8, t? 918]:

Uju^pun^ hph hшlppfi шúфnфhüg úpü^ rnju mümhuшqhmühpp Inpúpg püumpmnLmühpp úшupü Irnmrnp^rnö hhmшqnmnLp)nLÜühpp, lшphlp t шuhl, np püumpmnLmühpp úшpqlшüg Inpúpg ^lшü^шúmшö4шö lrnú qpmш4npJШl Ihp^n^ Ú2шl4шö uшhúшüшфшlnLÚühpü hü, npnüg lшnnLgnLÚ hü gшpшgшlшü, mümhurnlrnü к ungpшLшlшü фn^hшpшphpnLp)nLÜühpp, ШJqщpun4 pul umhpöhpl qnpöшpgp npn2шlp öш^uhp, npnüg ti lшpnp hü hh2mшgühl mümhurnlrnü qшpqшgnLÚp lшú püqhшlшnшlp qшЬqшphgühl rnjü [25, t? 156]:

Q-ftiuujiuinljhp 2. bnp lihuuiliuiniglmüiui uihuikuiuqliuinipjiuh hiujbgiuliiupqiujliü lirajhip pum ßLijwdunhJi [35, ts> 597]

Uujljiupr|.iulj C, Ulfi Ul |u Ul l] Ulli n Lp-J n itl (iniuph) Liquiinail]

L1. ungfniu[iuL|iub inbunL|3jnLb Embeddedness .fl^ ^npJLU[ ^ fibum|iLnnLLnbbp, LUL[Lutlr|.nLJptlbp, bnpJbp, ^ hiuL[Lum 100-1000 «Ciuöiufu fnbßbiupnLfu

L3. Spiubqiul|gfinb Öixipjubpp Sb in bu iuq.fi in n Lfaj n Lb r ^ *HLUriLUl[LUpnnJ. op.' ii|iujiJLubLuqpbp V 1-10 MiunLuilLupdLub L|lUnnLgi[LU&ßfn 6fl2Ln äbiui[npb[p

bp^p&hpp p&umpmnLm&hpp prnfrm^m^mfr q&mhmmnLÜ&hp ppm^m&mg^ni-ü h& üp pm&p hhmmqnmm^m& ^mnnijg&hpp ^npüpg: ^-pm&gpg mnm^bi hmjm&p k npm^jmi ^mnmjg&hp& hk «Heritage Foundation» [39], «The Freedom House» [37]-p, «The world economic forum»-p ^müm2famphmjp& üpgnL&m^nLpjmü qh^nijgp [40]: ^hmmqnmnLpjmü prnfrm^m^mfr ^hppL-önLpjmü hmümp ühö qhp t nL&hghi &mk ^müm2famphmjp& pm&^p ^npüpg

^mnm^^pümü mpqjnL&m^hmnL-pjnL&p q&mhmrnnp hmümpp^p (GRICS) [38]: ^-pm&gpg jniprnfrmynipp, np^hu ^m&nk mühfr

mmpp pmpümg^nLÜ t umhüm&^^ö ühpnq-ünLpjmü hpümfr 4pm, ph^p 2^nphp4 h&mpm^np t qmn&nLÜ q&mhmmhi mmp^m p&pmgpniü hp^pp p&umpmnLm&hpp npm^p hmpmphpm^mfr k pmgmpÖm^ ^n^n^nLpjnL&p:

Uqjnium^ 1-nLÜ pum q&mhmmnp ^mnnijg-frhpp ühp^mjmg^mö h& hp^p&hpp p&umpmnLm-frhpp q&mhmmümfr gni.gm&p2&hp, npn&p pnLjL h& m^hi unrjü m2^mmm&pp 2p?m^mk&hpnLÜ ppm^m&mg^mö fmürn^m^mü ^hppLÖnLpjnLk frhpp üpgngn^ umnLqhi hhmmqnmnLpjm& mpqjnL&pnLÜ mnmg hp^nhq&hpp:

UnjnLurn^ 1. früuwfrwniwühpfr qümhmmümü gnigrnüfehhp pus qümhmmnq tymnnijgühpfr

Heritage Foundation [39]

The Freedom House [37]

YVEF [38]

World bank [40]

I.Opbligfi q.hpuil|uijnipjmli (bbpumnidf l.l.uhi|iuil|ujijnipjiuli ^ipUILlnitiptlbp.

1.2.Ufir(iupiurvminnipjujli huiiiuiljuipq^i uipnjmljiuilljuinipjniti, I .3.Mlu iiiu i[Lupmpiui Ii LibpqpuiiJuiAnipjnit]}.

2.Muipqiuijnp<5uilJ iupr^iniljiui|hinni]3]nib (Litapuinnni t'

2.1. ^ripöuupujp ühsuiUwiPh uiüL|iMtv<m|9jnili,

2.2.U2piwww2nil)Uij|i wUl)w|uni]»jniti, 2.3.Tfuudwl)uili hwmiiwifi iuliL| lufu n Ljajii ili).

3.Liwnwi|wpnipjwlj yjjifi (libpiunnidf 3.1 ,<ujpljujjJib pbn. 3,2.^umui|uipnijsjiuli dmjuubp, 3.3.<iupl|iuj]nli iStiguulwiph iunnr|sni|3jnitl}.

4.Puig ^iiL|UJlitip(tihpi.unnillf 4.I.Ujiliuip|i wquimnipjmli. 4.2.IibpnpniiItibp[i ujqujuimpjniti, afitiiuliuujljLuti luqujmnipjniti)

1.£uir]ui{>uiljujli |ipuii|nitißtibp (lihpuinntJf l.2.öiuipuil|uiti qnp&Qlipuig, 1.3.Puit\uipuil|iuIj puiqiIuil{uipAn ipjn lü, l.4.<Hiunuii|uipni|»juilj qnpiiunnijp)

1. Uln|inuitjqri ipjn IlI .

2.UinniqniülibplL fuLI^PÖlf!-

5.r<hui|iuilighl|mpjnili.

6.ubijiuil|ujlini|3jujlj ppiuilnilißlibp.

7. Mnpujnpui infill L|iuruuilujpniii. 8.,-iujniui{iupmpjujb iuu|uiqiii linr^iiUnpn^niii

1,1^2}UUllini|3jnLtillbp|l hui2l[biiii|rir[r[iul|uitinipjnlli li pllUlllijllßjUlll fiuijll|l tipiUL[nLllQ,

iНе можете найти то, что вам нужно? Попробуйте сервис подбора литературы.

2.-Puir|UipuiL|wli l|LUjmpjn iIj Ll pnUmpjuiti puiguiLjuiinipnib,

3.MuH!Ull|Uipnip|Ujll UipnjnillUIL]bUini|»jn[ll.

4. Lkupquiljnpllujtinpuilj.

5. ]ipiui|niliB^i qJjpailjuijnipjnili, 6A(rinniuighwjh i|b|iuihüL|nr^nipjnilj

Регион и мир, 2Q2Ï, Ж» б

fikumfamntmkkpp к ткткишЦшк шйр "bnppp ^bqnLÚ tp, np püumpmnLmühpp hшЬqpuшЬпLÚ hü qшpqшgúшü шnш?üшJpü qpш4шЦшüp к 2шm hplpühpp pnLji шpqJnLÜш-4hmrn.p^ü hpúüшlшü qшmfiшnp mjq qшpqш-gnLÚp fapшünq püumpmnLmühpp hшúшlшpqp pшgшЦшJnLpJnLÜü t: Ъш Ü2nLÚ t, np «... bppnpq U2faшphfr hptypühpp шщшт hü, ршй^ np foüumfomnlgfonüшl uшhйшüшфшtynlйühpp urnhqôniû hü ршцшрш^шй к тйтШш^шй qnpôpüpшgühp, npnüf ¿hü üщшuшnlй pшpâp шpшшцpnцшЦш-üntpjniü niühgnq qnpônlühnlpJшü qшpqшg-йш^...» [1б, t? 110]:

früumpmnLgpпüшl mümhuшqpmnLpJшü qhpp pшpйpшgúшü hшúшp ühö qhp t nLÜhgh üшк püumpmnLgpnüшl mümhuшqpmnLpJшü úp?ngn^ hplpühpp qшpqшgúшü mшpphp úшlшpqшlühp nLÜhüшLnL hpUnLjpp pшgшmphlp: Uшuüш4npш-^hu, S. UfihúoqjnLÜ, S. ß-nppüunüp к U. Snüunüp hpúüш4np Ihp^n^ úhpdhgpü qшuшlшü mümhuшqpmnLpJшü Inqúpg шпш? рш2ш& mjü ^p^öp, pum npp" hplpühpp й^?к qшpqшgúшü mшpphpnLpJшü qшmfiшnp hшЬqpuшЬпLÚ hü rnjü^pup qnpönüühpp, pü^hu OppÜшl" ÜnpшpшpnLpJnLÜp, 4ppnLpJШÜ úшlшpqшlp, lшщpmшф ЦnLmшЦnLÚp к uijiü: ^ш фn^шphü hhqpüшlühpp ühplшJшgünLÚ hü hphg qnpönü, npnüg rnqqnLÚ hü mümhuшЦшü qшpqшgúшü ^ш, qprnüp hü' mümhuшЦшü püumpmnLmühpp, ш2^шphшqpшЦшü qppgp к Ú2шЦnLJpp [l, t? 3SS] (n фnpúшl püumpmnLm): Oppüшlühpn4 к £шüшЦшЦшü IhpinLömpjnLÜ-ühpp úp?ngn^ rnju mümhuшqhmühpp hшüqhl hü rnjü úmgpü, np p^pl^ö qnpönüühpp к hplpühpp úhlüшplшJpü щшJÚшüühpp úp?ngn^ ^phjp t prngrnmphi mümhuшlшü шfip:

Sümhuшlшü шбр ^ш püumpmnLmühpp nLqqшlp к rnünLqqrn^ шqqhgnLpJшü úшupü hhmшqnmnLpJnLÜühp ppшlшüшgphl hü üшк Gl. PшnLÚnщ, ß-nqpplp к hшüqhl hü rnjü úmgpü, np püumpmnLmühpp шqqnLÚ hü mümhurn^rnü шбр ^ш tüqnqhü qnpönüühpp úp?ngnl, pü^p-upg hü" йhnüшpЦшmppnLpJnLÜp к rnpqjnLÜrn-phpшlшü qшpqшgnLÚp [ЗЗ, t? 1S]:

Uju^hu, ppшЦшüшg4шö hhmшqnmnLpJnLÜ-ühpp nLuпLÚüшuppnLpJnLÜpg lшphф t hqpшlшg-üh, np püumpmnLmühpp шnшüggшJpü ü2шüш-ImpjnLÜ nLÜhü mümhuшlшü шnш?püpшgp hшúшp: Up 2rnpg hbqpüшlшlnp mümhuшqhm-ühpp Inqúpg rnju фn^шqqhgnLpJшü úh? йhnüшpЦшmppnLpJшü qhpp ^pUnprn^p шщшgnLgnLÚ t &hnüшplшmppnLpJшü к püumpmnLmühpp фn^шqqhgnLpJшü nLuпLÚüшuppnL-pjrnü шpqpшЦшünLpJnLÜü nL шühpшdh2mnL-pjnLÜp [S, t? 91S]:

fikumfamntmkkpp к йкпкшрЦшт^рпь-pjntkp

^шmшp4шö hhmшqnmnLpJnLÜühpp фш^ mnLÚ hü, np püumpmnLmühpp шqqnLÚ t йhnüшpЦшmppшЦшü qnpönLÜbпLpJшü ^ш [З, t?hp 477-47S; 4, t? 3; 7, t? 20; S, t? 91S; 21; 1б, t? 73], rniupügü" йhnüшpЦшmppnLpJшü ^nqúpg mümhuшЦшü шfipü к qrnpqrngúrnüp üщшumnLÚp úhöшщhu t mümhurn^rnü úp?ш4шJppg

к mümhunLpJшü qrnpqrngúrnü úшЦшpqшЦpg [1б, t? 57]: PüumpmnLmühpp шpq]nLÜш4hm qnpöhinL щшpшqшJnLÚ ш4hlшünLÚ t шpq]nLÜш4hm йhnüшpЦшmppnLpJшü úшЦшpqшЦp, pü^p ü^rnumnLÚ t mümhuшЦшü шfipü к qrnpqrngúrnüp [1б, t? 51]: U^hlp ^nü^phm, pü^^hu шpqhü Ü2^hg, mümhunLpJшü úh? püumpmnLmühpp umhqönLÜ hü uшhúшüшфшЦnq к faprnbnq qnpönüühp, npnüg ^pш^nLuпLÚ hü Ühnüh-phgühppü" gшöp шpmшqpnqшЦшünLpnLÜpg rnügüh]_ pшpйp шpmшqpnqшЦшü qnpönLÜhnL-PJШÜ Цшй hшЦшnшЦp [4, t? 3] к qprn шpq]nLÜgnLÚ, pшphl_ш4nLÚ Цшй ü^rnqhgünLÚ hü hшuшpшЦnLpJшü pшphЦhgnLpJnLÜp [S, t? 91 S] [2б, t? 100]:

9hnüшpЦшmppшЦшü mшqшüqp oqmш-qnpöúшü к qprnüpg umшg4шö шpq]nLÜgp ^pш püumpmnLmühpp nprn^p шqqhgnLpJnLÜp Цшpкnpшö mümhuшqhmühppg úh^p nLpjjrnú PшnLÚnLÜ t: Ъш püqqönLÚ tp Ühnürnp^rnmp-pnLpJшü ^pш püumpmnLmühpp qhpp к ^bqnLÚ, np шpqJnLÜш4hm püumpmnLmühpp rnnrn^hi pшphüщшum hшúшЦшpqp шnЦшJnLpJшü щшpшqшJnLÚ ш4hlp hш4шüшЦшü t шühшmp" йhnüшpЦшmppшЦшü npu^ umшüйühlnL gшüЦnL-pjnLÜp [S, t? S9S]: Ujl ^hp^ rnurnö, hph püumpmnLmühpp rnjü^pupü hü, np rnbhrnrnp hшúшp ш4hlp ÜhnümnL t ?шüghp qnpöшqphl qpшüg 2P?шüghlnL, шд n^ ph qpшüg úp?ngn^ шpmшqpnqшЦшünLpJnLÜp pшphlш4hlnL ^pш, шцш Ühnühphgp ^p?rnügp qpшüg:

PшnLÚnLp Ü2nLÚ tp, np qprn шpq]nLÜgnLÚ t, np nprn^jrni püumpmnLmühp nLÜhgnq hp^pühpp (Цшú mшpшöш2p?шüühpp) pшpйp шpmшqpnqш-ЦшЬпLpJnLÜ nLÜhgnq áhnürnp^mpjnLÜühpp úшЦшpqшЦü ш4hlpü t, 2шü grnöp npшЦn4 püumpmnLmühp nLÜhgnq hp^pühpnLÚ (^rnú mшpшöш2P?шüühpnLÚ), pu^ щшЦшu шpmш-qpnqrn^rnü (llшú 4üшunq) йhnüшpЦnLpJnLÜühpp úшЦшpqшЦp" grnöp: Ъpш шnш?üшJpü hüpш-qpnLpjnLÜü rnjü t, np йhnüшplшmppшlшü mшqшЬqühpp hrn^rnurnprn^hu pш2^4шö hü ш2^шphn4 úhl к rnjq mшqшЬqühpp" mümh-uшlшü rnfipü 2шm lшú gp^ üщшumhlp Irnfa^rnö t püumpmnLmühppg [S, t?hp S9S-S99]: Uhp lшpöpgn4 rnju hüpшqpnLpJnLÜp úrnurnúp hшúш-щшmшu^шünLÚ t ppшlшЬпLpJшüp, urnlrnjü lшü qnpönüühp, npnüg ШJÜnLшúhüшJÜp4 ü^rnu-

mnLÚ hü mmqmüqp mühm^mump pm2^úmüp (oppümk dmnmüqm^münLpjmü qnpónüp):

Gmm hplpühp fthnümplmmppnLpjmü fapmüúmü pmqmpmlmünLpjnLüp pümph hü np^hu mümhum^mü qmpqmgúmü qnpópp: Qümjmó qpmü, n pnpp hplpühpp únm t hm?nq4h ummüm^ ^müm^np^mó qpm^mü «qnúpünjp t$h^m»: ^mmfimnü mjü t, np püumpmnLmühpp k fthnümplmmppnLpjmü úp?k ^n^hmpmphpnLpjnLüp 2mm m^hjp pmpq t, fmü qómjpü püp ^mumnLÚ hü Immmp^mó

nLunLÚümuppnLpjnLüühpp mpqjnLüfühpp [12, t? 75]: Güq npnLÚ, hplpp püumpmnLmühpp úp?m^mjppg ^m^^mó t n úpmjü fthnümp^m-mppmpjmü úm^mpqm^p, mj]_ ümk npm^p [12, t? 52]: Ujl mumó, püumpmnLmühpp ^nqúpg

mümhum^mü mfip ^pm mqqhgnLpjnLüp mpmmhmjm^nLÚ t n úpmjü fthnümplmmppmlmü úm^mpqm^p, mji ümk npm^p, mjq p^nLú" ünpmpmpm^mü fthnümplmmppnLpjmü úp?ngn^:

Qhnümplmmppm^mü npm^p ^pm mqqhgnLpjnLüp m^mgnLg^hi t ümk úmphúmmplm^mü nhqphupnü únqhiühpp úp?ngn^ [12, t? 51]: Pnppn^pü 4hp?hpu Immmp^mó hhmmqnmnL-pjnLüp hmummmnLÚ t püumpmnLmühpp npm^p ü2müm^mip qpm^mü mqqhgnLpjnLüühpp pmp&p mpmmqpnqm^mü &hnümplmmppm^mü qnpónL-ühnLpjmü k pmgmum^mü mqqhgnLpjnLüp" n mpmmqpnqm^mü fthnümplmmppnLpjmü úm^mp-qmlp ^pm [5, t? 17]: <mpl t ü2hi, np ^hp?ü úpmpp" gmóp mpmmqpnqm^münLpjmü úm^mp-qml nLühgnq fthnümplnLpjnLüühpp l2np mü^nLÚp, ^p ^nunLÚ úpmjü qpmüg 2nL^mjpg qnLpu qmjnL, mj]_ ümk mjq Shnümp^nLpjnLüühpp «hmplmqp^mó» mpmmqpnqm^mü qmnümjnL úmupü:

^mm^mü2m^mü t, np n úpmjü püumpmnLm-ühpü hü mqqnLú fthnümplmmppnLpjmü ^pm, mjü ümk hmlmnmlp [9, t?hp 213-214; 10, t? 66; 18, t? 25; 29, t? 178]: ^m pmgmmp^nLú t üpmün^, np fthnühphgühpp" np^hu mümhunLpjmü mnm^hi m^rnp^ qnpftm^miühpp, qnpónLühnLpjnLüp hm-fimfa phpnLú t úp?m^mjpp ^n^n^nLpjmü, pmüp np qpmüf umhqónLú hü «... ünp tywqüwtybp^-¿wtywü ünqb¡übp k pwqwpwtywünipjniüübp, npnüf finfaniú bü qnpdmpmp nrq^nrpjniü^ k hnupp» [19, t? 180], püp phmplh pp hhpppü hmüqhgünLú t püumpmnLmühpp ^n^n^mpjmüp:

Ujdú ^np&hüp hmu^mümi ph, npnüf hü mjü püumpmnLmühpp, npnüf mnm^hi úhó mqqhgnL-pjnLü nLühü &hnümplmmppm^mü úm^mpqm^p k npmlp Ipm:

Hpn2 mhumpmüühp ^üqnLú hü, np &hnümplmmppnLpjmü ^pm n $npúm]_ püump-mnLmühpü m^hip úhó mqqhgnLpjnLü nLühü, pmü ^npúmi püumpmnLmühpp: Uju úpmpp ^mphjp t hmüqp^hi nppmnLú úhó ühpqpnLú nLühgmó

Urbano, Aparicio k Audretsch únm [33, t? 17]: Pmgp qpmüpg" ^mummünp ^nqúpg 2012-2017pp. m^jmiühpp nLunLúümuppmpjnLüp gnLjg t rnmjpu, np &hnümplmmppmlmü hm^nLúp m^h]p pmp&p t mjü hplpühpnLú, npmhq ungpm-im^mü püumpmnLmühpü mnm^hi qmpqmgmft hü [11, t? 1597]:

Up 2mpp mji mümhumqhmühpp ^nqúpg Immmp^mft hhmmqnmnLpjnLüühpp mpqjnLüf-ühpp hmúm&mjü" ph' $npúm]_, k ph' n^ $npúm]_ püumpmnLmühpü nLühü mqqhgnLpjnLü &hnümp-ImmppnLpjmü ^pm, um^mjü $npúm]_ püumpmnLmühpp (oppüml" uh^m^münLpjmü ppm-^nLüpp, hmp^mjpü ophüfühpp [23, t? 8; 28, t? 20], ^pqplm^mü hüpmlmnnLg^mftpühpp, qpmm-hhmmqnmm^mü ú2m^nLúühpp ^n^mügrnúp [22, t? 71], k mj]ü) mqqhgnLpjnLüü m^h]p úh6 t: Uúmümmp^ mpqjnLüfühpp hmüqmft hhmm-qnmnLpjnLüühp hhqpüm^hi hü ^hüpp^unüp [17, t? 58], ^hppu-Opmpqmü [23, t? 8] k mjinp [22, t? 71; 24, t? 20]:

Uju hp^nL hm^mum^mü lmp6ppühppg pmgp, mn^m t ümk hppnpq mhum^hmühpp, pum npp, ^npúmi püumpmnLmühpp mqqhgnLpjnLüp &hnümplmmppnLpjmü ^pm ^m^^m^ t n^ $npúm]_ püumpmnLmühppg, oppüml " ^nnnL^gpmjp gm6p úm^mpqm^p qh^prnú [6, t? 14; 16, t? 171]: ^p2hgühüp, np üúmümmp^ únmhgrnú tp mnm?mp^nLú ümk Hqpmúunüp pp únqhpLú (^óm^mm^hp 2):

^pm^münLpjmü nLunLúümuppmpjnLüp gnLjg t mmjpu, np mümhumqpmmlmü mju ünp nLqqnLpjmü úh?, pmgp ^hpnü2jmi hmpghppg, qhn 2mm hhmmppppp k mnmügpmjpü ^üqppühp úünLú hü ^pmgmhmjm^mft [15, t? 1]: Umuüm^npm^hu, ÜLppmünp ^nqúpg 1992-2016 p^m^müühppü mju n^npmnLú Immmp^mft hhmmqnmnLpjnLüühpp ^nppmjpü nLunLúümup-pnLpjmü mpqjnLüpnLú hhqpüm^p hmüqh]_ t mjü úmppü, np, pum tnLpjmü, &hnümp^mmp-pnLpjnLüp Impnq t qpmmpl^hl np^hu püumpmnLmühpp k mümhum^mü mfip úp?k pmgm^mjnq oqm^p: Uju úpmpp mmpphp ^mphjp t hmüqp^hi mji mümhumqhmühpp únm ku, pmjg HLppmünü mnmü&ümünLú t pp ú2m^m6 únqh^n^, npp úmüpm^plpm mpmmhmjmnLú t mju qmqm^mpp (Q-óm^mm^hp 3): ^hqpüm^p hpúüm^mü hqpm^mgnLpjnLü-ühppg úh^ü mjü t, np lm &hnümplmmppnLpjmü Ipm püumpmnLmühpp mqqhgnLpjnLüp k mümhunLpjmü ^pm mjq ^m^p mqqhgnLpjnLüp qümhmmhinL Imppf [33, t? 18]:

Uju^pun^, mümhum^mü mnm?püpmgp k hmúm^mpqnLú gmü^mgmó qnpónüp, mjq p^nLú" &hnümplmmppnLpjmü úp?k ^n^hmpmphpnL-pjmü mn^mjnLpjnLüp k qpm mpqjnLüm^hm jpüh^p úhóm^hu Imfa^mó t hmúm^mpqnLú

Регион u Mup, 2021, № 6

mn^m püumpmnLmühppg: ^.hp^püühpu úmpq-lmüg Inqúpg ^lmüfamúmm&lmó lmú qpmm-4npjm]_ Ihp^n^ Ù2m^4mô umhúmüm^m^rnúühpü hü lmú, pü^hu ^üqnLÚ tp "Unppp" «^mqp Imünüühpü» hü, npnüf umhqónLÚ hü qnpômppp npn2mlp ômfauhp, npnüf pphüg hhpppü Impnq hü hh2mmgühi mümhum^mü qmpqmgnLÚp lmú p&qhm^mnmlp" qmüqmqhgühi mjü:

Pmp&p mpmmqpnqmlmümpjnLü nLühgnq &hnümplnLpjnLüühpp l2pnp nLqpq hmúhúm-mm^mü t hplpühpnLÚ pmphü^mum püump-mnLmühppü, püq npnLÚ pü^hu $npúm^, mjü^hu

ti n ^npúmi püumpmnLmühpp jmpn^p mqqnLÚ hü &hnümplmmppnLpjmü ph' úm^mpqm^p, k ph' npmlp Ipm, pul &hnümplmmppnLpjnLüü pp hhpppü mqqnLÚ t püumpmnLmühpp &kml_npúmü, qmpqmgúmü lmú pnL^mgúmü Ipm:

^üumpmnLgpnümi mümhumqpmnLpjmü úp 2mpf hhmmppppp hmpghp qhnku úünLÚ hü m&qmrnmu^m&; ^pmüg 2mpfpü t qmu^nLÚ &hnümplnLpjnLüühpp Ipm püumpmnLmühpp mqqhgnLpjnLüp, npp úmupü hü HmjnLÚ ümk mju nppmnLÚ Immmp^mô hhmmqnmnLpjnLüühpp:

Q-ftuiiHiuinljhp 3. MmmJimnLmühpJi, áhi2ínu¡iljium]i}inqajiuíi II mtimhuuiljuiti quqiqiugihuti líjiplt Ijiuiqii [33. tg 18]

htiuui|iuinig)inbui[tiui)uuii(pjiii[bbp

Zbnpdiui

• -Puj^ujoLuLjLulj L|UJrin_gL[UJÔO

• "laijduitiwqptip

• Ut¡ijiuul|Lulini|ajüuti (ipiuLlnLljalitifi

• UjL

fynpdtui

• Ung(iuj[UjLjUjlj íjnpdbp - Ú2UJMnLJP

• SwüujjnqwLjwWhdwgwl^wtj huipfsnLpjriLli

• <iui|wui£h hujJuul^ujpq.bp

■ UjL

fitiuLpfiipnLgfinhíui tfitupíuánLpjnLb / UjnLÜbp

' Muupquiilnpnri

• TjnpJuUJl^L[

• ir2wL|r)Lpwjf)Mwtiwsnriwl)iuti

Un

3bntiuipl|uiin|ipuil|uiti q.np¿iutikrH|»jniti

Lnpuj|3ni[u U l|ujjuugujà ¿bnliuiplfLULn^ipniiajnitj/ Umwpimuiji 3bnbujpl|ujm|ipujl|iutj L|Luu||)iriLU[

Qbri'CjLU [iLjLULnfipUjL li ta

tibpq.pujL[L[uj&nL|3'jnLti

hliEtjujqpujriilujSnLpjiiLli

<liuipujL[npnL|ajujWujujpnLum

4ujuuiuiL{b[nL Abntjiupl{ium|ipnL[3)nilj

Pujpñp/ giuôp

uipuiuip.pnr[ujl|ujïim|&| LUlIp

ÔbnljujpljijjinfiprLpjntb

LnpuupuupuiLiujtj

¿ibntjujpIjijjijifiprLpjntb

UjL

Stiuibuiupjuiii l|uiuiuipniiuil(uiti

CWOjU atíli ?t!>h hwpiM llqqwjfiti bl|iiníniin

^npSnttbpfi wpinwrvpnriwljwtJnLpjnitj

SLUpLU0LU2PgLUllLUjhb l/lllLnbULUl|Ujll Ujfi

SuipwôiujpsiwbujjhtJ mlmbuiuliuit

qwpqwgrud

ílinpmLujhli mliLnbuLuLiuJb uifi UjL

Oqmmqnpô^rnô (niuiliiiiiiiiLpjuiii guiiili

1. Acemoglu D., Gallego F. A., Robinson J. A., "Institutions, Human Capital, and Development" , 2014, hmum&hip If https://economics.mit.edu/files/9940

2. ACEMOGLU D., JOHNSON S., ROBINSON J. A., "Institutions as a fundamental cause of long-run growth", hmum&h]p t" https://economics.mit.edu/files/4469

3. Acs, Z.J., Autio, E. and Szerb, L., "National systems of entrepreneurship: measurement issues and policy implications", Research Policy, 43(3), 2014, hmum&h]p t" https://sci-hub.se/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/articl e/abs/pii/S0048733313001613

4. Aidis R., "Do institutions matter for entrepreneurial development?" 2017, hmum&h]p t https://wol.iza.org/articles/do-institutions-matter-for-entrepreneurial-development

5. Amoros J. E., "The Impact of Institutions on Entrepreneurship in Developing Countries", 2016, hmum&hip t" https://clck.ru/XCVHa

6. Aparicio, S., Urbano, D. and Audretsch, D., "Institutional factors, opportunity entrepreneurship and economic growth: Panel data evidence", Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2016, hmum&hip t" https://clck.ru/XCVXe

7. Autio, E.; Fu, K. Economic and political institutions and entry into formal and informal entrepreneurship , 2014, hmum&hip t https://clck.ru/XCVKL

8. Baumol W. J., "Entrepreneurship: Productive, Unproductive, and Destructive", Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 98, No. 5, Part 1, 1990, hmumüh]p t" https://www.j stor.org/stable/2937617

9. Belitski, M., Chowdhury F., Desai S., "Taxes, corruption, and entry", Small Business Economics, 47(1), 2016, hmumbhip t" https://clck.ru/XCVXC

10. Bjornskov, C., Foss N., "How strategic entrepreneurship and the institutional context drive economic growth", Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 7(1), 2013, hmumbh]p t" https://sci-hub.se/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1 002/sej.1148

11. Castaño M.S., Méndez M.T., Galindo M.Á., "The effect of social, cultural, and economic factors on entrepreneurship", Journal of Business Research, Vol. 68 No. 7, 2015, 1496-1500

12. Chowdhury F., Audretsch D. B., Belitski M., "Institutions and Entrepreneurship Quality" 2018, hmumbh]p t" https://j ournals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/10422 58718780431

13. De Soysa I., Jütting J., "Informal Institutions and Development: How they matter and what makes them change", 2007, hmumbh]p t" https://clck.ru/XCVVW

14. Estrin, S., Korosteleva, J. and Mickiewicz, T., "Which institutions encourage entrepreneurial growth aspirations?", Journal of Business Venturing, 28(4), 2013,

15. Elert N., Henrekson M., "Entrepreneurship and Institutions: A Bidirectional Relationship", 2017

16. Ghura H., "The interaction effect of formal and informal institutions on the development of entrepreneurial activity", Brunel University London 2019

17. Henrekson M., Johansson D., "Competencies and Institutions Fostering High-growth Firms", 2008, hшuшЬh]p t https://clck.ru/XCVUq

18. Henrekson M., Sanandaji T., "The Interaction of Entrepreneurship and Institutions", 2011, hшuшЬh]p t https://clck.ru/XCVLT

19. Hwang H., Powell, W. W., "Institutions and entrepreneurship", New York, NY: Springer, hmumbhip t https://clck.ru/XCVUM

20. Kherallah M., Kirsten J., "The new institutional economics: applications for agricultural policy research in developing countries", 2001

21. Lajqi, S., Krasniqi B. , "Entrepreneurial growth aspirations in challenging environment: The role of institutional quality, human and social capital", 2017, hшuшЬhl^ t https://sci-hub. se/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1 002/jsc.2139

22. LI S. "Institutional environment and total entrepreneurial activity: the comparison on nations", 2017

23. Marta Peris-Ortiza,, Joao J.M. Ferreirab, Cristina I. Fernandes "Do Total Early-stage Entrepreneurial Activities (TEAs) foster innovative practices in OECD countries?" 2017, hшuшЬhlp t https://clck.ru/XCVPQ

24. Natalia O., "The role of informal institutions on entrepreneurs' innovative behaviour", 2017

25. Naude W., "Entrepreneurship and economic development", Palgrave Macmillan, London 2011, hшuшЬh]p t https://clck.ru/XCVNM

26. North D., "Institutions, institutional change and economic performance", 1990, hшuшЬh]p t https://j onnyphillips.github.io/FLS6415/Class_2/No rth%201990.pdf

27. North, D.C., "Understanding the Process of Institutional Change", Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ., 2005,

28. Ostapenko N., "The role of informal institutions on entrepreneurs' innovative behaviour", 2017

29. Przeworski A., "The last instance: Are institutions the primary cause of economic development?", European Journal of Sociology, 45(2), 2004,

30. Sheaff R. "The New Institutional Economics", 2014

iНе можете найти то, что вам нужно? Попробуйте сервис подбора литературы.

31. Smallbone, D., & Welter, F., "Entrepreneurship and institutional change in transition economies, The Commonwealth of Independent States, Central and Eastern Europe and China compared", Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 24(3-4), 2012, hшuшЬh]p t https://sci-hub.se/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.108 0/08985626.2012.670914

32. Stam E., Nooteboom B., "Entrepreneurship, innovation and institutions", 2011 t2 11, hшuшЬh]p t https://clck.ru/XCVQH

33. Urbano, D. and Aparicio, S. and Audretsch, D. (2019) 'Twenty-five years of research on institutions, entrepreneurship, and economic growth : what has been learned?', Small business economics., 53 (1).

34. Willamson O., "The mechanisms of governance", Oxford university press, New York, 1996

35. Williamson O., "The New Institutional Economics Take Stock Looking", 2015, https://clck.ru/XCVQs

36. Аузан А., «Институциональная экономика», 2014

37. https://freedomhouse.org/

38. https://info.worldbank.org/governance/wgi/Home/R eports

39. https://www.heritage.org/index/explore

40. https://www.weforum.org/reports/the-global-competitiveness-report-2020

Сдана/^шй&йф11 02.09.2021 Рецензирована/0-рш^пиф1 f 23.09.2021 Принята/^йцтй^Щ f 30.09.2021

Ինստիտուտների դերը դրանց ազդեցությունը ձեռնարկատիրության վրա Текст научной статьи по специальности «Экономика и бизнес»

Аннотация научной статьи по экономике и бизнесу, автор научной работы — Թարփոշյան Հակոբ Վ.

Похожие темы научных работ по экономике и бизнесу , автор научной работы — Թարփոշյան Հակոբ Վ.

THE ROLE OF INSTITUTIONS AND ITS’ IMPACT ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Текст научной работы на тему «Ինստիտուտների դերը դրանց ազդեցությունը ձեռնարկատիրության վրա»