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TECHN01:0GY AND INNOVATION
THE ROLE OF COLOR IN CREATING PHRASEOLOGY
G. Begniyazova
Karakalpak State University named after Berdakh
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Received: 11th July 2024 Accepted: 16th July 2024 Online: 17th July 2024 KEY WORDS
Phraseology, color,
meaning, nationality, linguistics, communication, philosophy, psychology, individuality, people.
The role of color in creating phraseological units was discussed in the article. Opinions of scientists were given. It is also about the problems of researching phraseological units with expressive components in Karakalpak linguistics, their formation, and showing the vocabulary of the language. In addition, it is said that phraseology is related to lexicology, stylistics, semantics, etymology, morphology, grammar.
Color plays an important role in human life. For that reason, a lot of scientific researches about colors have been carried out during the mysteries. Currently, color institutes and scientific laboratories are working in developed countries. In particular, the Institute of Color in Tokyo, Japan is known to the world. Through the rituals, speaking in symbolic meaning based on colors, treating people, educating people, thinking philosophically, knowing the inner world of a person based on colors, shaping people's spirituality, and other issues are learned.
A person perceives living organisms, objects, their appearance, color, signs, and actions in the environment. In particular, we rely on visual intuition to distinguish their colors. According to information, the human eye has the ability to perceive 10 million colors. But in real life, 100 colors and 150 colors can be used by artists and designers.
When learning how to express colors in nature in language, it is necessary to determine how a person perceives, understands, and looks at colors. Before determining how a person can perceive colors, scholars try to answer the question whether there are colors in nature or not. Different traditions say that there are many different colors in nature and that there are no number of them, but people cannot accept all those colors in themselves. For example, S.S. Alekseev said that the human eye can distinguish more than 600 colors[1]. F.N. Shemyakin reported that the human eye can distinguish between 500,000 and 2.5 million colors.[2] According to Cade, the indigenous Maori people of New Zealand can distinguish more than 100 shades of red.[3]
But in science, there is no lack of information contrary to existing opinions. For instance, N.B. Frumkina says that there are no visible colors in nature, only bias waves, and that these bias waves of a certain length affect human visual receptors and are reprocessed in the brain mechanisms to create a sense of color in a person.[4]
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In other opinions, the sums of fees are different. No matter what the colors are in nature, a person sees, feels and perceives those colors in his own way.
A number of opinions have been expressed about colors in world language education. E. I. Goroshko gave interesting information about words expressing color in the Russian language. In it, he said that every nation has its own colors, and in this case, he told Russian speakers about colors. [5] L.P. Prokofieva learned exercises about tone and tone in Russian and paid more attention to the universal, national and individual patterns of tone and tone.[6]
Based on the opinions of people about color, people have a different attitude to colors, customs related to colors find their way. Even color units can remind him of events that happened in a person's life, events that were forgotten at certain times. According to B. A. Musukov, the different colors give rise to ideas about many changes in society and the surrounding elements: water, sun, sky, and fire.[7]
T.M. Tyapkina said that the color image realized in the minds of communication participants has the ability to create concepts about other features of the object, other objects and others.[8] M.A. Bolotina, E.A. The Shabashevas say that colors have a role to play in a person's perception of the external environment.[9]
T.V. Grigorieva learned the concepts of "light" and "shadow" in the Russian language from a semantic point of view. [10] G. Ismoilov's works related to the issue of color in Uzbek language education were published.[11] In the article, the author tried to study the idioethnic features of the concepts "white" and "black" from the linguistic and cultural point of view, using the example of phraseology of the Uzbek, Kazakh and Karakalpak languages.
Words expressing color in phraseological units perform various functions. People's customs, views on the world, and their faith in the future are reflected in the colors. People pay different attention to colors depending on their national culture and traditions. According to B. L. Whorf and E. Sepirler, "the structure of a certain language determines the ways of thinking and perceiving the world of the speakers of this language".[12] O.A. Kornilov writes that the semantics of color in different languages is not related to the meaning of concepts and their distribution.[13]
As the units expressing color in different languages are different, researches and opinions related to them differ from each other. A person may have a different attitude to colors depending on his age, gender, profession, character, center of creation, spirituality.
On the contrary, the use of colors in phraseology brings out the inner psyche, that is, it helps us to see our feelings and emotions through colors. That is why we pay more attention to the semantics of phraseological units.
Certain fee A. Bekbergenov in his article "About the meaning of black words" talked about the component phraseological units expressing color. The most widely used lexeme "black" in the Karakalpak language is used in a group of phraseological units and expresses various meanings. The word "black" in the set of phraseological units often evokes bad feelings, loneliness, negative actions, lack of vision, and feelings of divisiveness in people. Black hair, black head, black chest, black road, black luck, black face, black face, black head, black blood, etc. focusing on the meanings of the examples, he comes to the conclusion that the variable meanings of this word in most cases create negative and bad concepts in people[14].
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G. Aynazarova, while researching two-component phraseological units in the Karakalpak language, focuses on the phraseological units that appeared in the context of the words representing color in their work. Phraseologisms are divided into several meaningful groups. She gives them the following examples: white means thanks, black means curse, white is white; red is red, black sweat, black water, etc.
Also, in the section "equivalent two-component phraseological units created in the sequence of words representing the emotional state and condition of a person", one red and one pale phraseology is given, and its semantics is emphasized. In the section "Equal two-component phraseological units made in the context of food terms" the phraseological unit "whiter than milk" and "cleaner than water" is used as an example [15].
G. Kdirbaeva studied phraseological units in English and Karakalpak languages relatively, and studied colorative, i.e., color-expressing phraseological units in Karakalpak language from a cognitive-discursive perspective [16].
J. Tanirbergenov "Verb phraseology in the Karakalpak language" in the section "Verb idioms in the Karakalpak language" we use a lot of idioms with a color component. In the section "Phraseological idioms denoting suffering, white-footed phraseology", in the section "Phraseological idioms denoting tiredness, avoidance, old age" is the phraseological phrase "dark-eyed", in the section "Phraseological idioms denoting respect, respect, praise" is the phraseological phrase "to be happy, happy". got tired In the phraseology section, the phraseology of "head up to the sky", "the roof of the sky" is used, and in the section "phraseology of anger, anger, anger" the phraseology of black smoke is used. In conclusion, it is said that such phraseological units are not only semantically used to describe marital acts, but also to express people's customs, traditions, and religious beliefs [17].
A. Aymurzayeva shows that "black" appearance comes from them in phraseological units in terms of expressive meanings and ethnographic concepts. A. Regarding the examples taken from the epic "Bahadyr" by Dabilov, it is said that the appearance of "black" is aggravated in the composition of phraseological units "black face", "black face", "black face", "black smear on the face".[18]
Phraseological idioms with a color component are used in the Karakalpak phraseological dictionary and their meanings are explained. For example, the famous scientist J. Eshbaev's "Brief Phraseological Dictionary of the Karakalpak Language" uses phraseological units with 80 color components, examples are given, and their meanings are explained. For example, the white-collared boy was happy to see this "kindness" of the woodpecker (I. Yusupov). Even so, be careful, my brother, said the white-faced Seilkhan (M. Daribayev) speaking to me. In these examples, the phraseology of "white shirt" means "open", "good", "beautiful", etc. [19]
The book "Phraseological phrases in the Karakalpak language" published by Q. Pakhratdinov and Q.Bekniyazov, there are about 7 thousand 500 phraseological phrases used in the Karakalpak language today, including 162 phraseological phrases. For example, the dictionary lists 60 types of phraseological units with the color "black", 30 with the color "white", and 15 with the color "blue".[20]
G. Aynazarova and G. Atabaeva's "Dictionary of Phraseological Idioms in the Karakalpak Language, Numerals Come from Me", examples are given of phraseological units with six color
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components, even though they are born from the same mother, one lip is raised from the ground, one lip is raised from the ground, one is raised from the blue, and the other is black.[21]
The mentality of the people is clearly visible in phraseology with a color component. Mentality is reflected in people's character, communication skills, natural phenomena, relationships with other ethnic groups, and economic conditions.
In the Karakalpak language, the "white" component of expressing good wishes to each other is expressed through phraseological units that came from me. Aq patiya, good wishes given by parents to their children, older people for their services to people. The newly built house of the Ak family was used as a continuation of the family, building a new family. A white dress is a dress worn by a newlywed bride at a wedding, a symbol of happiness. Our mothers who brought up their white enemy children, brought them to maturity, and added them to the ranks are understood. White road is used in the meanings of being on the road, being white on the road, walking on the road.
Phraseologisms of the Karakalpak language are reflected in the customs, traditions, way of life, lifestyle, culture, and nationality of the people.
The people of Karakalpak are mainly engaged in fishing, farming and animal husbandry. They expressed their best wishes to each other in connection with these professions. Phraseological phrases such as let the date become red, let the black increase, let the tree be green are among these.
"Phraseologisms are recognized as mental units that are not only a tool for simple communication between the speaker and the listener, artistically conveying ideas, but also have the ability to influence all kinds of feelings" [22]
Whether it is a work of art, it is in the hand of the author to skillfully use alternative phraseology in oral and written style. From the point of view of the use of phraseological units in the language, words with different content may come to me in sequence and explain other meanings to me.
"Some of them are related to animals (кек ешекке терис миндириу, жылан бас, ;оян журек, ;ой аузынан шеп алмайтугын), human parts are called from me (мушына тупириу, мойнына миниу, ала;анына алыу, аягынан тартыу), and some are colors, Words representing numbers are also related to me (а; кекирек, ;ара мацлай, уш ;ой бир сом)"[23].
Especially, in these works, the phraseological units from colors have a strong imagery, they clearly depict all kinds of delicate feelings of a person, changes in his mood. For example, an; дегени алFыс, кара дегени KapFbic in the phraseology of white meaning thanks and black meaning cursing. The phraseological units of white heart, white chest, white petia, white milk express the meanings of goodness, innocence, consensus, while the phraseological units of black intention, black heart, black earth, black pressure mean evil, envy, anger, fatigue.
That's why the writers of artistic words used more color component phraseology to convey their ideas to the reader.
The role of color in creating phraseology is special. Especially, people's behavior and character changes when they are given by me.
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