The results of determining storing regime of virus free minituber of potatoes ( Solanum tuberosum. L) , produced from aero-phonic system Текст научной статьи по специальности «Биотехнологии в медицине»

y^K 635.21-2

THE RESULTS OF DETERMINING STORING REGIME OF VIRUS FREE MINITUBER OF POTATOES (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM. L), PRODUCED FROM AEROPHONIC SYSTEM

D. Ph. D Oyungerel1, B. Msc. Saranchimeg2

Plant biotechnology laboratory of Plant Science and Agricultural Reasearch Training Institute

Darkan-Uul, Mongolia E-mail: 0yungerel_2000@yahoo. com

This study provided at the Biotechnological laboratory of PSARTI in greenhouse with facilitation of aero phonic system. Materials and conditions: constant storing temperature is 2—4 °C in cooling storage and 4 °C in refrigerator. Mini tubers with 5—10 gr of the Impala, Gala varieties, harvested from the spring and autumn planting of aerophonic facilitation (2 times in year). The result of study shows that, the greening of mini tubers was 85—100 % per each time, which was cured in the condition of 3—5 days staying on the light shelf with 25 °C. During the storing time no observed any disease on the skin of minitubers. Each 4 months calculated disease infection for spring harvested minitubers. Disease infection rate during storing time was 10,5 %.with condition of constant temperature 2—4 °C in storage and 16,5 % with condition of 4 °C in refrigerator. Also weight loss of mini tubers were calculated as a 2,0 %, with condition of constant temperature 2—4 °C in the storage and 1, 7 %. with condition of constant temperature — 4 °C in refrigerator.

Key words: Aero phonic, greening, minituber, storage, spring, autumn, constant temperature, refrigerator.

Introduction

Since 2004, launched MPP, which is one of the successful program in potato sector, that implemented by the Mongolian Farmer Association for Rural Development (MFARD). CIP plays a support role to the program, which receives financial support from the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) and policy support from the Mongolian Ministry of Industry and Agriculture. The Nongolian Potato Program is more focused on following research studies such as introducing new potato varieties, producing virus free minitubers using by aerophonics, providing research on early potato harvesting technology, breeding of new varieties, which is suitable for the Mongolian agro-ecological condition [1, 3, 5].

The main research objective in Mongolian potato sector is to introducing new technology and methods for increasing virus free initial seed materials and improving efficiency of mini tuber production in short time and supplied enough healthy seed to the potato growers. Our newly introduced mini tuber production method using by aeroponic is increased number of mini tubers 8-10 times from 1 plant.

Since in 2007, the PSARTI has start produced minitubers of potato varieties by aerophonics. During the growing season harvested mini tubers, when the tubers weighted with 5-10 grs. After harvesting directly washed 3 times by type water then sterilized by Maxim 0,2 l/t and dried in the room temperature for 3-5 days, stored constant temperature storage. When directly stored mini tubers in the storing condition of 2-40C, the weight loss of minitubers was 20-30 % depending on moisture loss, and disease infection. For this reason we provided directly studying skin greening, sterilization and storing methodology of minitubers [5, 6].

Research aim

1. To choose effective method for sterilization and skin greening

2. To determine storage treatment for spring and autumn harvesting of minitubers

Location of study

This study provided at Biotechnological laboratory of PSARTI in the greenhouse with facilitation of aerophonic, The mini tubers stored with constant temperature 2-40C in storage and 40C in refrigerator.

Materials and methodology

Minitubers of Impala and Gala varieties harvested from aerophonic.

Spring and autumn harvesting. 2 times harvested in year.

Harvested minitubers with 5-10 g from each variety. After harvesting we used mini tubers for following studies: to choose the sterilization solution, skin greening method and storage disease infection during storing and calculate weight loss [6].

The variation of skin greening experiment:

1. Control - 21-23 0C temperature, humidity 30 % in the room, staying for 3-5 days.

2. Room temperature 21-23 0C, humidity condition 60-70 % in the room, staying for 3-5 days.

3. In the room temperature is 250C, staying for 3-5 days on the light shelf.

4. We measured greening rate of skin by eyes after 3-5 days.

To measure of skin greening minitubers:

1. 75-100 % greening all tubers skin - Good.

2. 50-75 % greening all tubers skin - Medium.

3. Until 25 % greening all tubers skin - Low. Also we choice and marked defected, dried, ... etc of minitubers.

Result of study

1. Result study of skin greening experiment

Minitubers with 5-10 g of the Impala, Gala varieties harvested from aerophonic in the spring and autumn (2 times in year). The experiment for minitubers skin greening was provided with 3 variations and 3 replications. We used 100 pieces of mini tubers per each replication and totally used 900 pieces of minitubers. After greening of skin, the mini tubers stored at constant temperature 4 0C in the refrigerator [6].

The result of study shows that, the greening of mini tubers was 85-100 % per each determined time, which was cured in the condition of 3-5 days staying on the light shelf with 25 0C (tabl. 1).

Table 1

Skin greening of minitubers, % (2012-2013 year)

Time of rating harvest

Variation First VI/25 Middle VII/04 Last VII/14

3 days 5 days 3 days 5 days 3 days 5 days

1 Control 55 85 55 90 55 90

2 In the room / humidity/ 55 85 55 90 55 90

3 On the light shelf at 25 0C 85 100 85 100 85 100

2. Result study of sterilization solution experiment

We used 100 pieces of mini tubers per each replication and totally used 900 pieces of minitubers. After harvesting of minitubers we used following sterilization (tabl. 2).

Depending on the rating days we provided this experiment first (7 days), middle (14 days(, last (21 days( each time to take harvested minitubers. In 0,1 % NaOCe2 - solution sterilized in the room temperature staying 3-5 days variant was good result (tabl. 2).

Table 2

Sterilization solution and skin greening of minitubers, % (2012-2013 year)

Variant Time of harvesting

First VI/25 (7 days) Middle VII/04 (14 days) Last VII/14 (21 days)

3 days 5 days 3 days 5 days 3 days 5 days

1 Control - Air humidity-30 %, room temperature 21-230C, staying 3-5 days 25 80 25 80 50 85

2 Maxim-0.2 l/t sterilized in the room staying 3-5 days 10 95 25 90 40 80

3 0.1 % NaOCe2- solution sterilized in the room temperature staying 3-5 days 25 95 25 95 45 90

3. Storage disease infection and weight loss

For the storing time no observed any disease on the skin of minitubers. Each 4 months to calculate disease infection for spring harvested minitubers. Disease infection rate during storing time was 10,5 %.with condition of constant temperature 2-4 0C in storage - and 16,5 % with condition of 4 0C in refrigerator [5, 6].

Table 3

Storage disease infection rate of minitubers, % (2012-2013 year)

Kind of disease

Variety Pectobacterum phytophhorum.Appel /Black leg/ Pseudomanus xanthochlora.Stapp /Soft rot/ Macrophomina phaseolina /Mixed rot/ Tired of tuber Total disease

Constant temperature storage 2-40C

Impala - - - 16,5 16,5

Constant temperature refrigerator 40C.

Impala - - - 10,5 10,5

Weight loss of mini tubers were calculated as a 2,0 %,with condition of constant temperature 2-40C in the storage and 1,7 %. with condition of constant temperature - 40C in refrigerator (tabl 4).

Table 4

Storage weight loss of minitubers, % (2012-2013 year)

Variety Weight of sample Tired tuber Total weight loss

Number, p | Weight, kg

Constant temperature storage 2-40C

1 Impala 800 15,0 1 15,9 2,0

Constant temperature refrigerator 40C

1 Impala 800 20,0 1 13,2 1,7

Picture 1. Greening of minitubers in the storage

Summary

1. The skin greening method with condition of the 3-5 days staying on light shelf at 250C was more effective than others. Sterilization solution in 0,1 % NaOCe2 sterilized in the room temperature 3-5 days variation was effective one.

2. Disease infection rate during storing time was 10,5 %.with condition of constant temperature 2-40C in storage -and 16,5 % with condition of 40C in refrigerator - Also weight loss of mini tubers were calculated as a 2,0 %,with condition of constant temperature 2-40C in the storage and 1,7 %. with condition of constant temperature - 40C in refrigerator.

References

1. A. G. Jarstfer and D. M. Sylvia. Aeroponic culture of VAM Fungi.

2. Lung'aho C, M Nyongesa, M. W. Mbiyu, N. M. Ng'ang'a, D. N Kipkoech, P. Pwaipwai and J. Karinga. Potato (Solanum tuberosum) minituber production using aeroponics.

3. Ким, Sung Yeul Jeong, Jin Ceol Kim, Jeong Kan Lim, Myoung Soon «Effect of storage temperature and greening treatment on sprouting of Potato «Dejima» microtubers» Alpine Agricultural Experiment Station Pyoungchang 232-950 Korea.

4. Паул. Ц. Струйк, Сиерт. Г. Виерсена «Potato seed production» .Mongolian potato programme. УБ.2011.

5. Ninjmaa. O, Oyungerel. D, Azzaya. Y, Gereltuya. P, Saranchimeg. B «Result study of minituber production using aerophonic» (2007-2011 year). «Result of potato research» УБ.2 011 year.

6. Oyungerel. D, Saranchimeg. B. «Result study of storage treatment of minitubers production using aerophonic» Research report of 2012-2103 year. Darkhan-Uul province. 2012 year.

© Oyungerel D. Ph. D, Saranchimeg B. Msc., 2014

УДК 631.48 (571.52)

ОЦЕНКА АГРОРЕСУРСНОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА РЕСПУБЛИКИ ТЫВА

В. Н. Жуланова

Тувинский государственный университет

В статье представлен анализ земель сельскохозяйственного назначения Тувы за 34-летний период. Выявлено, что произошло уменьшение сельскохозяйственных угодий, сенокосов и пастбищ в 2 раза, пашни - в 4 раза, а площадь земель государственного запаса, залежных и особо охраняемых территорий увеличилась. Показано, что почвы пахотных массивов Тувы депонируют 11 647 тыс. т углерода в пахотном слое. Определено, что аккумуляция углерода продукцией агроценозов Тувы составляет 3,1 т в год на 1 га. Рассчитано, что возврат углерода в атмосферу агроценозами региона равен 3,4 т в год на 1 га. Установлено, что агроценозы Тувы являются источником углерода в атмосферу.

Ключевые слова: пашня, гумус, агроценоз, чистая первичная продукция, аккумуляция углерода, продукционный процесс, деструкцион-ный процесс, баланс углерода.

Актуальность темы обусловлена оценкой ресурсной базы сельского хозяйства и агрономически значимых параметров свойств почв, определяющих плодородие, что является важнейшим условием стабильного земледелия. Особую актуальность приобретает количественная оценка круговорота углерода в экосистемах, что связано с ожидаемыми изменениями климата.

Длительное использование почв Тувы при низком уровне агротехнических и агромелиоративных технологий привело к их деградации. Большое народнохозяйственное значение данной проблемы обусловлено как необходимостью решения социальных задач, так и возрастающей деградацией почв под влиянием развивающихся в регионе водной и особенно ветровой эрозии, опустынивания, обеднения почв элементами питания. Интенсивное проявление данных процессов существенно влияет и на сопредельные территории, а выявление закономерностей их протекания представляет исключительный интерес для разработки мероприятий по оптимизации экологической обстановки на Земле. Спад сельскохозяйственной деятельности наблюдался после 1990 года, когда произошло значительное сокращение площади пашни и перевод её в залежь. Новые тенденции в земле-