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Section 17. Economics and management
Regulatory trend of the post-crisis period demonstrate expansion of low interest rate policy which aims to increase the growth rate of bank lending in order to stimulate the economic development. As low rates of pre-crisis have favoured the credit boom of speculative nature, the current regulatory implications comprise in combining expansionist monetary policy with prudential
restrictions on capital quality, reserves for the loans, and appropriate liquidity ratios.
The economic development becomes stable when the banking system becomes financially sound, particularly when credits are granted with adequate risk evaluation and there is a balance between profitability of a bank and a cost of financing of a client.
Reference:
1. Арбузов С. Г. Банювська енциклопед1я/С. Г. Арбузов, Ю. В. Колобов, В. I. Мщенко, С. В. Науменкова. - К.: Центр наукових досмджень Нащонального банку Украши: Знания, - 2011. - 504 с.
2. Долан Э. Д. Деньги, банковское дело и денежно-кредитная политика: пер.с англ./Э. Д. Долан [и др]. - М., -1996. - 448 с.
3. All Countries Latest Available Data/Financial Sector//Predefined Data reports. - Available at: http://elibrary-data.imf.org/DataExplorer.aspx
4. Long series on credit to private non-financial sectors/Bank for international settlements. - Available at: http://www.bis.org/
5. Bernanke Ben. On the Predictive Power of Interest Rates and Interest Rate Spreads/Ben Bernanke//NBER Working Paper. - 1990. - No. 3486.
6. The official site of the European Central Bank. - Available at: https://www.ecb.europa.eu
7. Central Banks’ interest rates. - Available at: http://www.forexltd.ru/ru/analytic/cbrates/
Poltoratska Oksana Volodymyrivna, the Pryazovskyi State Technical University, Degree Seeker, Department of Management and Innovations, Economist of Department of analysis and economic activity PJSC “Ilyich Iron and Steel Works” E-mail: [email protected]
The resource-saving concept in the scientific economic literature
Abstract: The article reviewed “resource-saving" concepts in the modern scientific literature works of academic economists, industries, which are investigating the given terminology in all areas of work, both national economy, and enterprise activity. It was determined that some of the “resource-saving” concepts are not taking into account the priority areas of the resource-saving object: investment and innovation component, environmental and logistic aspects. The author’s concept of “resource-saving of the industrial association” was offered, which is based on multifaceted approach and covers all aspects of the industrial enterprises activity in the industrial association.
Keywords: “resource-saving” concept, industry, enterprise, classification, areas of activity, economic level, the process, management system.
Problem statement. At the present stage of the Ukrainian economy development the processes of resource-saving are at strategic development topside for the industrial sector. Conceptual construct of the resource-saving is sufficiently large, that allows to accentuate on the diversity of both the concept of “resourcesaving” and its different types of classification. For this reason, the timeliness of the topic is connected with the definition of the most complex concept of “resourcesaving”, which should cover all aspects of industry
sectors of the national economy, industrial enterprises and associations.
Analysis of recent research and publications. Theoretical and practical studies of the problem of the effective management ofresource-saving at different economic levels at present conditions of international and national economic development, became the subject of research of many domestic and foreign scientists, including: R. A. Fathutdinov, I. M. Sotnik, Y. O. Mazin, L. G. Melnik,
I. Y. Ippolitova, S. I. Doroguntsov, V. G. Gusakov, V. I. Buts,
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S. O. Skokov, S. V. Maksimov, N. A. Nazarbayev, E. Weizsäcker, E. Levine and L. Lovins.
The purpose of the article — the study of the conceptual construct of resource-saving in economic scientific literature.
Main information statement. The use of “resourcesaving” concept in the scientific literature is relatively new. Earlier in economic theory and financial and business practices were actively used terms such as “resourcesaving”, “economic austerity” or “efficient resource exploitation”. As of today, all of the terms of accumulated.
In the interpretation of the term “resource-saving” some scientists are limited to saving of the material and fuel and energy resources [1; 2; 3]. Other terminology studies are based on the set of technical and economic characteristics and organizational and technical plan package of production [4]. But in the above works investment and innovation, environmental and logistical aspects of the company or industry are not taken into account. The most comprehensive and multifactorial approach to the interpretation ofthe term “resource-saving” is given in the work of I. M. Sotnik, Y. O. Mazin [5, 56]. Scientists consider all areas of activity of the enterprise, methods, processes, organizational and technical plan package, taking into account the current level of technics and technology and the minimal influence on the man and natural systems.
In the scientific literature besides direct interpretation of the term “resource-saving” some authors consider resource-saving as: a system, policy or managing strategy of resource-saving object. Thus, the I. Y. Ippoli-tova [6, 39] determines that resource-saving managing system consists of the definite set of subsystems which should completely cover all the elements and all the aspects of the functioning of resource-saving object.
V. G. Gusakov, V. I. Buts consider resource-saving as a process of reduction of materialized labor, which is included into the product (the end result of production) while ensuring the growth of the value of useful effect of the production and the relative stability of the material costs [7, 64].
In the work of N. N. Potapova the innovative aspect of resource-saving is considered: the basis of strategic resource-saving management is an innovative activity, which according to the regional level of economic management includes the improvement of quality parameters of the products, new constructions activity, using energy saving technologies, finding technological solutions, wherein the need in a certain type of product eliminates [8, 157].
Some scientists determine the required investment aspect in the interpretation of the term “resource-saving”. Thus, S. V. Maksimov, G. V. Temchenko [9, 259] specify that: investing in resource-saving — is a more complex process than simple investing, as its effects are always beyond the commercial profit.
Consideration of environmental aspect of resourcesaving at the international level was proposed by
N. A. Nazarbayev: “significant changes are needed in legislation of all countries on the problems of environmental and far-sighted use of resources. That is why many countries have adopted laws on resource-saving and natural resource management” [10, 344].
It should be noted that except the various interpretations of the term “resource-saving”, there is a number of classifications associated with the given terminology. For example, the I. Y. Ippolitova offers the following resource-saving management approaches at the enterprise: a systematic, functional, parametric, process and target [11], each of the mentioned approaches has its advanced tools. And, L. P. Rybalko offers the classification of resource-saving according to the following criteria: the types of resources that are stored; content of the resource-saving; implement ability; stages of the resource life cycle; stages of the product life cycle; amount of financing; manifestations and by the results (type of effect) [12, 178].
Having reviewed the theoretical aspects of the “resource-saving” concept and given examples of the classifications in modern scientific literature, the author proposes to mark out the following main interpretation groups: the first group — is examining of the resourcesaving process in terms of the interaction of a set of national economy sectors (macroeconomic development vector); the second group — is examining of the resource-saving process in terms of effective functioning of the enterprise itself (microeconomic development vector). The author proposes to mark out the third group in the conceptual construct — examining the process of resource-saving in terms of the effective functioning of consolidated enterprises (common macro- and microeconomic development vector — mesoeconomics).
Also the author has systematized and generalized total number of tasks for all three groups of interpretations of “resource-saving” concept:
1. The formation of austerity programs of material, fuel and energy resources, taking into account logistic and environmental aspects;
2. The formation of progressive techno-economic norms;
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3. The implementation of scientific and technical progress achievements and advanced information technologies;
4. The implementation of sound investment and innovation development programs;
5. Quality management of financial instruments based on reproduction principles in the market economy;
6. Waste and by-products recycling organization.
The formation of the qualitative composition of the
optimal personnel structure; the development of progressive management programs and training of staff at all production levels (motivation of resources saving at each stage of the production process; strengthening of labor and technological discipline; the development of social policy and personnel protection programs; the formation of a "healthy” environment in the community and effective communication links).
Offered by the author, the third interpretation group encompasses resource-saving processes at industrial enterprise associations. Therefore, the work offers the author’s interpretation of the term “resource-saving industrial association” — is a multifactorial economic category, and a complex program of saving or resources saving methods at the same time, which absorbs all the processes of industrial plants (assets) community: production activities of the technical and technological opportunities, investment and innovation development, intellectual and human resources, information technology of the new generation, logistic services, development of ecological environmental protection and effective financial strategy. Resource-saving generalizes activities on saving the material, fuel and energy resources, facilities and equipment, human resources, logistics and environmental data and creates competitive advantage vector both individual assets and entire industrial association as a whole, creating a synergistic effect.
Thus, offered by the author the concept of “industrial association resource-saving”, covers all aspects of the enterprise development, which are the part of vertically integrated companies. These modern industrial associations are formed in the leading industries of Ukraine
national economy: metallurgical, mining, construction and chemical.
Conclusions: The research of “resource-saving” concept allowed to determine the diversity of terminology in the scientific literature, which covers all areas of activity of both national economy industries and enterprises directly. It was determined that not all interpretations of “resource-saving” concept have the complex approach and reflect only some areas of the resource-saving object activity, it does not take into account the priority areas of work: investment and innovation component, environmental and logistical aspects.
It was analyzed that many scientists in their works are considering “resource-saving” concept as a system, policy or strategy of effective management, taking into account different aspects of development and resourcesaving object activity.
It was determined that there are several different classifications, which typify “resource-saving” concept in relation to economic processes connected with it: approaches and methods of management, life cycle stages of the resource or production, the possibility of implementation; amount of financing, manifestations and by the types of expected effects.
An author’s approach was offered for the interpretation classification of the studied concept in terms of examining the resource-saving process at the macroeconomic level (interaction of the national economy industries), at the microeconomic level (the effective work of enterprises directly) and mesoeconimic level (effective functioning of the industry enterprise associations); was systematized and summarized the main comprehensive tasks of resource-saving system for all economic levels.
It was determined that “resource-saving” concept in relation to the industry enterprise associations almost does not occur in scientific literature, and that is why, the author’s concept of “resource-saving of the industry association” is offered in the work, which is based on the integrated approach and covers all aspects of industrial associations development: production, technical, investment and innovation, intellectual and human resources, information, logistics, environmental and financial.
Reference:
1. Ресурсосбережение. Словарь бизнес-терминов - [Online resource]. URL: http://dic.academic.ru/dic. nsf/business/11515 (accessed date 28.03.2014).
2. Костюков А. Особенности ресурсосбережения/А. Костюков//Экономика бизнеса № 19 (9233) - [Online resource]. URL http://www.eg-online.ru/article/53931/ %20 %20 %201 (accessed date 15.02.2014).
3. Ресурсосбережение. Краткий экономический словарь, - М., - 1987 - [Online resource]. URL: http://www. ekoslovar.ru/350.html (accessed date 01.03.2014).
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4. Зайцев Н. Л. Ресурсосбережение/Н. Л. Зайцев Краткий словарь экономиста, - 2000 г. - [Online resource]. URL: http://www.vocable.ru/dictionary/915/word/resursosberezhenie (accessed date 05.03.2014).
5. Сотник I. М. Еколого-економiчнi мехашзми управления шновацшним ресурсозбереженням у машино-будуванш/I. М. Сотник, Ю. О. Мазш. - Суми: Ушверситетська книга, - 2013. - 252 с.
6. Ипполитова И. Я. Ресурсосбережение как направление повышения конкурентоспособности предпри-ятий/И. Я. Ипполитова//Бизнес Информ. - 2010. - № 11. - с. 39-41.
7. Гусаков В. Г. Экономические законы, факторы и принципы управления ресурсосбережением/В. Г. Гусаков, В. И. Буць//Весшк БДУ - 2010. - Сер.3. - № 3. - с. 64-66.
8. Потапова Н. Н. Ресурсосбережение как инструмент управления затратами в регионе/Н. Н. Потапова//Вюник Приазовського державного техшчного ушверситету. Сер1я: Економiчнi науки. - 2010. - № 20. - с. 154-158.
9. Максимов С. В. Проблеми ресурсозбереження та застосування мехашзму його фшансування на тд-приемствах прничо-металургшного комплексу/С. В. Максимов, Г. В. Темченко//ВКник КТУ. - 2009. -№ 23. - с. 257-262.
10. Назарбаев Н. А. Рынок и социально-экономическое развитие: монография/Н. А. Назарбаев. - М.: Экономика. - 1994. - 500 с.
11. 1ппол1това I. Я. Визначення пiдходiв та методiв управлшня ресурсозбереженням на тдприемсга - [Online resource]. URL: http://www.confcontact.com/2007nov/ipollit.php (accessed date 18.02.2014).
12. Рибалко Л. П. Сучаст тдходи до трактування сутносп поняття ресурсозбереження/Л. П. Рибалко//Бiз-нес 1нформ. - 2012. - № 3. - с. 174-179.
Rejapov Khayrillo Xikmatullaeyvich, Master's, Andijan machine-building institute E-mail: [email protected]
Attracting nongovernmental investment in higher education in Uzbekistan
Abstract: In this article is provided chances of financing for higher education and accordind to nongovern-mentet private investment in higher education institutions, mechanisms of attracting to Uzbekistan creation of endowment-funds.
Keywords: Fund of development material and technical base higher education institution, rating system, wages, endowment-funds.
Режапов Хайрилло Хикматуллаевич, магистр, Андижанский машинастроительный институт
E-mail: [email protected]
Привлечение негосударственных инвестиций в высшее образование в Узбекистане
Аннотация: в данной статье предоставлены возможности финансирования высшего образованияза счёт негосударственных инвестиций и механизм привлечения высшими учебными заведениям в Узбекистане созданием эндаумент-фондов.
Ключевые слова: фонд развития материально-технической базы высших учебных заведений, рейтинговая система, заработная плата, эндаумент-фонды.
В современных условиях высшее образование становится важнейшим условием внедрения во все сферы человеческой деятельности новых технологий, роста конкурентоспособности и повышения уровня жизни в республике. Социальная ответственность
высшего образования в значительной мере заключается в том, чтобы каждый человек мог получать такие квалификационные и социальные навыки, которые позволяют ему оставаться востребованным на меняющемся рынке труда, полноценно участвовать в
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